Disorders of Nose and Sinus

Question 1

inability to detect odors

Answer 1

anosmia

Question 2

decreased ability to detect odors

Answer 2

hyposmia

Question 3

distorted identification of smell

Answer 3

dysosmia

Question 4

Altered perception of smell in the presence of an odor, usually unpleasant

Answer 4

parosmia

Question 5

Perception of smell without an odor present

Answer 5

phantosmia

Question 6

Inability to classify or contrast odors, although able to detect odors

Answer 6

agnosia

Question 7

neurosensory hearing loss and anosmia indicates….

Answer 7

head trauma

Question 8

inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by infection, allergies, or environmental irritants

Answer 8

rhinitis

Question 9

clinical presentation of infectious rhinitis (common cold)

Answer 9

pharyngitis, nasal congestion/drainage, sneezing, facial/ear pressure, loss of smell/taste

Question 10

most common virus responsible for URI

Answer 10

rhinovirus in adults (80%)

Question 11

virus that can attack heart muscle

Answer 11

coxsackie virus

Question 12

virus that causes polio

Answer 12

enterovirus

Question 13

What medication should you never give children and adolescents with viral infections?

Answer 13

Aspirin

Question 14

What patient popns should not use decongestants?

Answer 14

narrow-angle glaucoma, poorly controlled HTN, CAD

Question 15

Symptoms of unintentional overdose of cough/cold medicines in kids

Answer 15

hives, drowsiness, unsteady walking

Question 16

inflammatory or infectious processes in the paranasal sinuses

Answer 16

sinusitis

Question 17

classification of sinusitis

Answer 17

acute < 4wks, subacute 4-12 wks, chronic >12 wks, recurrent 4+ per yer

Question 18

three factors crucial for normal functioning of the sinuses

Answer 18

Patency of the osteomeatal unit, Normal mucociliary transport, and Normal quantity and quality of secretions

Question 19

bacteria associated with acute sinusitis and otitis media

Answer 19

s. pneumo, h. flu, m. cat

Question 20

What percent of h.flu and m. cat produce beta-lactamase and are resistant to PCN?

Answer 20

35% of h. flu and 75% of m. cat

Question 21

bacterial organisms associated with chronic sinusitis

Answer 21

staph aureus and anaerobes

Question 22

Sx of sinusitis

Answer 22

facial pain/tenderness, purulent discharge, tooth pain, fever, bad breath, eye swelling

Question 23

symptoms on PE include: diffuse mucosal edema, narrowing of the middle meatus, inferior turbinate hypertrophy, and copious or purulent discharge…polyps, septal deviation

Answer 23

sinusitis

Question 24

length of therapy for chronic sinusitis

Answer 24

3-4 wks and referral to ENT

Question 25

complication of bacterial sinusitis characterized by severe eye swelling and redness

Answer 25

orbital cellulitis

Question 26

complication of chronic sinusitis characterized by HA, proptosis, diplopia that occurs most often in frontal sinus

Answer 26

mucocele formation

Question 27

Symptoms include clear rhinorrhea, sneezing, tearing, eye irritation and pruritis

Answer 27

allergic rhinitis

Question 28

What are PE findings of allergic rhinitis?

Answer 28

pale turbinates and nasal polyps

Question 29

In what patient popn is nasal airway obstruction life threatening?

Answer 29

infants. obligate nose breathers

Question 30

How do you distingish nasal polyps?

Answer 30

they are devoid of sensory innervation, they can be distinguished by lack of pain on manipulation

Question 31

Imaging study of choice for nasal polyposis

Answer 31

coronal sinus CT

Question 32

First line treatment for polyps

Answer 32

topical steroids

Question 33

Condition characterized by infections of sinus, sleep apnea, snoring, change in smell, difficulty breathing

Answer 33

septal deviation

Question 34

Conditions characterized by whistling when breathing, bloody discharge, nasal pressure and discomfort

Answer 34

septal perforation

Question 35

T/F septal perforation requires surgery

Answer 35

false, usually heal without surgery