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ENT > Disorders of the Ears > Flashcards

Disorders of the Ears Flashcards

1
Q

Test used to determine conductive vs sensorineural loss in unilateral loss

A

Weber test

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2
Q

Test used to compare patient’s air and bone conduction

A

Rinne test

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3
Q

Conductive loss with Weber test

A

tone will be louder in poorer ear

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4
Q

Sensorineural loss with Weber test

A

tone will be louder in better ear

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5
Q

Classification of recurrent otitis media

A

3 or more AOM in 6 months or 4 or more AOM in 1 year

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6
Q

PE findings of otitis media

A

decreased TM mobility and bulging TM

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7
Q

When should a patient with otitis media be seen again?

A

14-21 days after initial presentation

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8
Q

The presence of middle ear effusion (MEE) in the absence of acute signs of infection

A

OM with effusion aka serous otitis media aka “glue ear”

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9
Q

Sx of hearing loss, fullness in ear, delayed speech development, unsteady gait

A

OM with effusion aka serous otitis media aka “glue ear”

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10
Q

PE of OM with effusion aka serous otitis media aka “glue ear”

A

TM is dull and retracted, No mobility of TM, Straw or tan color of ear drum or translucent gray

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11
Q

Diagnostic method of choice for OM with effusion aka serous otitis media aka “glue ear”

A

Pneumatic otoscopy

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12
Q

First line of tx of OM with effusion aka serous otitis media aka “glue ear”

A

watchful waiting. Test hearing after 3 months and re-examine until effusion is resolved, hearing loss is identified, or structural abnormalities of the tympanic membrane or middle ear are suspected

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13
Q

Tx of unresolved OM with effusion aka serous otitis media aka “glue ear”

A

tympanostomy and tube

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14
Q

A perforated tympanic membrane with persistent drainage from the middle ear or Chronic otorrhea (>6-12wks) through a perforated TM

A

chronic suppurative otitis

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15
Q

most common bacteria involved with chronic suppurative otitis

A

pseudomonas

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16
Q

Tx of chronic suppurative otitis

A

Removal of exudate from canal tissue with 50% peroxide with sterile water. Cipro PO reserved for failed cases

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17
Q

A skin growth that occurs in the middle ear behind the eardrum

A

cholesteoma

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18
Q

Sx include otorrhea, hearing loss, achy ear, dizziness, facial weakness

A

cholesteoma

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19
Q

Inflammation of the external auditory canal or auricle

A

otitis externa

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20
Q

Bacteria implicated in otitis externa

A

Staph aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (swimmers ear), Proteus

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21
Q

Sx include otalgia, pain at tragus or auricle when pulled***, pruritis, discharge, hearling loss

A

otitis externa

22
Q

Tx of otitis externa

A

Irrigate with 1:1 dilution of 3% hydrogen peroxide AT BODY TEMP. Tx infection with either cortisporin, cipro HC, tobradex put on wick so it doesn’t go thru membrane

23
Q

An invasive infection of the external auditory canal and skull base.

A

malignant external otitis/necrotizing otitis externa

24
Q

Bacteria primarily responsible for malignant external otitis/necrotizing otitis externa

A

pseudomonas

25
Q

Illness characterized by exquisite otalgia and otorrehea, and granulatioin in the inferior portion of external auditory canal

A

malignant external otitis/necrotizing otitis externa

26
Q

Complications of malignant external otitis/necrotizing otitis externa

A

osteomylitis of skull, mastoiditis, TMJ osteomyelitis

27
Q

Tx for malignant external otitis/necrotizing otitis externa

A

Ciprofloxin 750mg PO BID for 6-8 weeks. No role for topical abx

28
Q

Condition characterized by sudden decrease in ear pain followed by drainage from that ear, tinnitus, and pus/blood drainage

A

TM perforation

29
Q

TM perforation tx

A

heal on their own, keep ear dry, maybe ear drum patch or tympanoplasty

30
Q

Most common cause of barotrauma

A

flying

31
Q

characterized by pressure in ear, pain due to stretching of TM, hearing loss, tinnitus

A

barotrauma to ear

32
Q

Tx of ear barotrauma

A

valsalva, decongestants, myringotomy

33
Q

characterized by Postauricular pain and erythema, Spiking fever, Tender mass

A

mastoiditis

34
Q

Management of mastoiditis

A

admit for IV abx and ENT consult

35
Q

benign lesions but grow to eventually compress the pons resulting in hydrocephalus

A

acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma).

36
Q

Sx of acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) associated with cochlear nerve involvement

A

Hearing loss and tinnitus

37
Q

Sx of acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) associated with vestibular nerve involvement

A

Unsteadiness while walking

38
Q

Sx of acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) associated with trigeminal nerve involvement

A

Facial numbness and Hypesthesia and pain

39
Q

Sx of acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) associated with facial nerve involvement

A

Facial paresis and taste disturbances

40
Q

difference between peripheral and central veritigo syndromes

A

peripheral has sudden onset with horizontal nystagmus that is inhibited by visual fixation whereas central has gradual onset with usually vertical nystagmus no inhibited by visual fixation

41
Q

Maneuver to determine benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

A

Dix-Hallpike maneuver

42
Q

Positive Dix-Hallpike maneuver

A

consists of a burst of nystagmus. The eyes jump upward as well as twist so that the top part of the eye jumps toward the down side.

43
Q

Tx for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

A

epley maneuver

44
Q

Describe epley maneuver

A

movement of the head into four positions, staying in each position for roughly 30 seconds.

45
Q

sensorineural hearing impairment in elderly individuals that involves bilateral high-frequency hearing loss associated with difficulty in speech discrimination and central auditory processing of information

A

presbycusis

46
Q

epithelial atrophy with loss of sensory hair cells and supporting cells in the organ of Corti.

A

sensory presbycusis

47
Q

atrophy of nerve cells in the cochlea and central neural pathways

A

nerual presbyscusis

48
Q

atrophy of the stria vascularis represented by a flat hearing curve

A

metabolic presbycusis

49
Q

thickening and secondary stiffening of the basilar membrane of the cochlea

A

mechanical presbyscusis

50
Q

inflammation of inner ear that causes vertigo and is often triggered by URI

A

labyrinthitis

51
Q

Results from distention of the endolymphatic compartment of the inner ear

A

Meniere’s (Endolymphatic Hydrops)

52
Q

condition characterized by episodic vertigo lasting 1-8hrs, low frequency sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, sensation of aural pressure

A

Meniere’s (Endolymphatic Hydrops)

ENT (8 decks)

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