1947-67: Key individuals Flashcards
(13 cards)
Who was Kwame Nkrumah
West Africa
Gold Coast
Nationalist leader
From African Gold Coast. Educated in Catholic mission school.
Helped organise Pan-African Congress.
Helped make Br return Gold Coast
PM between 1953 and 1957
Helped make Gold Coast independent 1957 as Ghana
Held power till military coup in 1966
Who was Jomo Kenyatta
East Africa
Kenya
Nationalist leader
Member of Kikuyu from BEA. Joined the Kikuyu Central Association
1947 became president of Kenya African Union.
Campaigned 1948 to 1951 for Kenya independence
Was arrested in 1952. But demands to release by public
1960 became leader of Kenya African National Union
Prime Minister 1963. Name changed to President in 1964
Ensure Kikuyu dominance
Who was Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe
West Africa
Nigeria
Nationalist leader
Strong sense of African nationalism
Champion for nationalism in 40s
Help created National Council of Nigerian Nationalism 1944
Nigeria was divided by religion and ethnics
Azikiwe had to work with nationalist rivals to have stable Nigeria
Independence in 1960
Showed independence was possible without ethnic conflict
Who was Nelson Mandella
Central Africa
Nationalist leader
Helped achieve equal rights. End apartheid in South Africa
Help form ANC in 1944
Influenced by Marxism, secretly joined South African Communist Party (SACP)
Arrested and prosecuted in Rivonia Trial 1963
Spent 27 years in prison, left in 1990 and became PM
Who was Apolo Milton Obote
East Africa
Nationalist leader
Uganda
In 1956 returned to Uganda with socialist views
1956 joined Uganda National congress
1957 elected colonial legislative
1962 appointed by Governor-General as P.M of Uganda
Cemented his power in 1967
Who was Sir Andrew Cohen
Colonial administrator
Thought decolonisation was inevitable
Listened to nationalist leaders
Concerned of racism in south will spread to north
Had Cohen Report 1947
Was governor of Uganda in 1952 till 1957
Proposed CAF in 1953
Given credit for groundwork for Uganda independence
Who was Sir John Macpherson
Colonial administrator
Br official managing transition for Nigeria
Governor-General of Nigeria 1948-1955
‘Macpherson Constitution’ 1951 include Nigerians in government
Helped ensure independent, Nigeria in 1960
Who was Sir Charles Arden-Clarke
Colonial administrator
Born in India
Saw himself as a facilitator of self-rule and independence
Released Nkrumah from prison
Intermediary between Nkrumah and Asante
Helped provide independence, despite delaying independence Clarke
did this to help Nkrumah establish authority
Key individuals in the Malaya Peninsula
Onn bin Ja’afar
Tunku Abdul Rahman
Chin Peng
Tan Cheng Lock
Who was Onn bin Ja’afar
Malaya Peninsula
Onn bin Ja’afar founder of United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). A campaign to rally Malays against Malayan Union (Br 1946) UMNO president May 1946
Gained public support to force Br to step down in favour of
‘Federation of Malay States’ 1948
Faced opposition from Malayan Communist (Chin Pong)
Who was Tunku Abdul Rahman
Malaya Peninsula
Supporter of Onn bin Ja’afar
First Malaya’s PM in 1957
How was Malay Peninsula resolved
After Malaya had the Malayan Emergency a guerrilla war between 1948 and 1960. Commonwealth and Malayan National Liberation Mary.
Resolved after a partnership, negotiations from Onn and Tan with Br in 1957
Factors for nationalism
- Legacy of War
- Economic and social discontent
- Ethnic and religious rivalries
- Charismatic and Western-educated leaders
- Mass political parties
