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Endo Exam 2 > Physiology Review I > Flashcards

Physiology Review I Flashcards

1
Q

leydig cells

A

produce testosterone

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2
Q

stimulation of leydig cells

A

hCG - from placenta
fetal LH
LH

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3
Q

sertoli cells

A

AMH

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4
Q

DHT effects

A

2 sex characteristics
male external
prostate

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5
Q

5 alpha reductase

A

testosterone > DHT

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6
Q

oligospermic men

A

hCG therapy

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7
Q

androgen insensitivity

A

x-linked recessive

no androgen receptor

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8
Q

puberty

A

pulsatile GnRH

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9
Q

aromatase

A

can get testosterone - estradiol

breasts in genetic male

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10
Q

Tanner stages

A 
1 - preadolescent
2 - enlarged testes
3 - enlarged penis
4 - dark scrotum / penile growth
5 - adult sized
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11
Q

ABP

A

keeps high T in testes

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12
Q

hypogonadism

A

low spermatogenesis or steroidogenesis

low FSH, LH, and T

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13
Q

prostate cancer

A

GnRH therapy
continuous high dose
suppress gonadotropin release

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14
Q

sertoli cell function

A

blood-testis barrier
produce ABP
AMH, aromatase, inhibin production

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15
Q

testosterone therapy

A

won’t help infertility
bc of the need for high intratesticular T levels

this will only inhibit LH secretion
-leads to decreased testosterone

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16
Q

eunuchoidism

A

lack secondary sex characteristics

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17
Q

lobule of testes

A

split by CT septae

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18
Q

leydig cell shape

A

large polyhedral
rounded nuclei w/ 1-2 nucleoli
produce androgens

close to vascular channels

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19
Q

3 phases spermatogenesis

A

spermatocytogenesis
meiosis
spermiogenesis

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20
Q

spermatocytogenesis

A

PGC > spermatogonia > primary spermatocyte

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21
Q

meiosis

A

primary spermatocyte >
secondary spermatocyte >
spermatid

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22
Q

spermiogenesis

A

spermatid > spermatozoa

23
Q

type B spermatogona

A

46/2N

to 2x primary spermatocyte

24
Q

primary spermatocyte

A

largest**

25
Q

peritubular contractile cells

A

in seminiferous tubules

26
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

solid - preadolescent

canalize - adult

27
Q

spermatogenic epithelium

A

4-8 layers stratified germ cells

supporting sertoli cells scattered

28
Q

sertoli cell histo

A 
tall columnar
large pale oval nuclei
prominent nucleus
membrane infoldings
cytoplasm indented
29
Q

blood testis barrier

A

sertoli cells
tight junctions
-spermatocytes from spermatogonia

30
Q

spermatogonia

A

sit on BM

46 2N

31
Q

meiosis I

A

primary > secondary

to 23 2N

32
Q

meiosis II

A

secondary > spermatid

to 23 1N

33
Q

final maturation sperm

A

epididymis

34
Q

primary spermatocyte

A

46 2N

35
Q

spermatid

A

23 1N

36
Q

secondary spermatocyte

A

23 2N

37
Q

sperm structure

A

head - with acrosome (hyaluronidase)
neck - long filaments with mitochondria
tail - 9+2 cilium (MT arrangement)

38
Q

seminiferous epithelium stage

A

6 in human

like wave in stadium

39
Q

segment

A

between identical stages

40
Q

waves

A

between similar stages

41
Q

straight tubules

A

simple columnar epithelium

opens into rete testis

42
Q

ductus epididymis

A

tall pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia

continuous with ductus deferens

43
Q

seminal vesicles

A

diverticulum of ductus deferens

produce bulk of ejaculate - high in fructose

44
Q

BPH

A

glands in central zone

45
Q

peripheral zone

A

prostate carcinoma

palpable on DRE

46
Q

corpora amylacea

A

prostate calcification

increase with age

47
Q

prostate secretions

A

thin, milky, alkaline

acid phosphatase - measurable

48
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

in UG diaphragm

-pre-cum clear mucus secretion

49
Q

glands of littre/morgani

A

in urethra

50
Q

glans epithelium

A

stratified, squamous dry

-continuous with urethral epithelium

51
Q

erection

A

parasympathetic

  • straigthen helicine arteries
  • closes shunts

tunica albuginea prevents expansion

52
Q

flaccidity

A

helicine arteries recoil

53
Q

ejaculation

A

prostate gland discharge initiates true ejaculation
then seminal vesicle

bulbocavernosus - forces semen to outside

Endo Exam 2 (17 decks)

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