1955-1963: Peaceful Coexistence in practice

Question 1

Evidence to support peaceful coexistence

Answer 1

Polish uprising
Austrian State Treaty
Soviet withdrawal from Finland
Summitry

Question 2

Evidence to challenge peaceful coexistence

Answer 2

Hungarian uprising
Arms race
Vienna summit
Berlin wall
Vietnam
Cuba

Question 3

When was the Polish uprising

Answer 3

June 1956 - October 1956

Question 4

Course of the Polish uprising

Answer 4

Bierut (leader) died in 1956 so was replaced by USSR approved Ochab with “Destalinisation”
Polish workers in 1956 protest food shortages
October 1956 Ochab replaced by Gomulka and met with Khrushchev to reach a deal
Gomulka stays in power if Poland remains loyal

Question 5

Impacts of the Polish uprising

Answer 5

Leads to Hungarian Uprising
Poles wanted to support Gomulka
Gomulka balanced. USSR protects Poland
Gr (revenge to reclaim lost land)
Shows Moscow allow satellites can have national independence if led by trust worthy men

Question 6

When was the Hungarian uprising/revolution

Answer 6

October 1956 - November 1956

Question 7

Who came to power in October 1956 in Hungary

Answer 7

Imre Nagy came into power in Hungary

Question 8

How did the Soviet Union respond to the Hungarian uprising

Answer 8

Initially agreed with Nagy goal and started to withdraw from Budapest.
Changed on 31st October as fearful of Communist collapse in Hungary shown by Nagy wanting to leave Warsaw pact

Question 9

What did the USSR do after Nagy wanted to leave the Warsaw pact

Answer 9

Send red army and 4,000 tanks around Budapest to crush the uprising. Appointing Soviet-friendly Janos Kadar in power.

Question 10

How did the West respond to USSR repression during the Hungarian uprising

Answer 10

The West did little to help as Eastern Europe was not apart of their sphere of influence. Radio free Europe

Question 11

Impact of the Hungarian uprising

Answer 11

Assured USSR that West won’t involve themselves in Eastern Europe. Compromised peaceful coexistence.
Showed that there was a need for social and political reform

Question 12

When was the Austrian State treaty

Answer 12

May 1955

Question 13

What was the Austrian State treaty

Answer 13

Same situation in Austria where Austria and Vienna were split
Khrushchev gave concessions
Where US + USSR withdrew military, give state neutrality, followed by Western powers removed from West Germany

Question 14

Significance of the Austrian State treaty

Answer 14

Showed that the USSR were intent on peaceful coexistence

Question 15

When did Soviet withdraw from Finland

Answer 15

1955

Question 16

What agreements were made from Soviet withdrawal from Finland

Answer 16

Withdraw from Porkkala
Finland remain neutral

Question 17

What was the Finnish-Soviet peace treaty

Answer 17

In 1947 Finland concede land, reparations and port at Porkkala for 50 years

Question 18

When was the Geneva Summit

Answer 18

1955

Question 19

What was discussed at the Geneva Summit

Answer 19

Germany, Eisenhower wanted a reunified Gr with free elections. Khrushchev rejected as feared Gr could still threaten USSR
Open skies to help relieve the arms race, proposed by Eisenhower rejected by Khrushchev
Hallstein Doctrine where USA not recognise countries who recognise East Germany

Question 20

Impact of the Geneva Summit

Answer 20

‘Spirit of Geneva’ where the two superpowers could meet to resolve tensions
Opened prospects of further summits

Question 21

When was the Camp David talks

Answer 21

1959

Question 22

What was discussed at Camp David

Answer 22

Based on US-USSR kitchen debate
Attempts to improve relations between USA-USSR to continue idea of summits

Question 23

Impact of Camp David talks

Answer 23

Helped improve relations between Khrushchev and Eisenhower.
China and USSR relations worsened due to this meeting

Question 24

When was the Paris Summit

Answer 24

1960

Question 25

What issues was discussed at the Paris Summit

Answer 25

Talk about Berlin as well as nuclear weapons Khrushchev wanted to limit nuclear weapons and ban weapons in Gr to reinforce Soviet security

Question 26

Impact of the Paris Summit

Answer 26

During Paris Summit U2 spy plane incident where an American plane was shot down in Soviet borders. Leading Khrushchev to storm off

Question 27

When was the Vienna Summit

Answer 27

1961

Question 28

What issues were discussed at the Vienna Summit

Answer 28

Kennedy's seemed to disagree with peaceful co-existence as would increase military budged Disagreed on future on Germany Not much was achieved

Question 29

Impact of the Vienna Summit

Answer 29

Little was achieved as Khrushchev saw Kennedy as a young leader that would be easy to manipulate