1949-1955: Eisenhower's policies Flashcards
(19 cards)
When did Eisenhower win the presidential elections
1952 and 1956
What party was Eisenhower
Republican
What was Eisenhower’s policy
New look strategy
What was the new look strategy
Eisenhower’s foreign policy that took a hard line against communism based on an increase role for nuclear weapons to further containment.
How did the New look strategy work
Eisenhower liked sufficiency so wanted to reduce defence spending as saw that the MIC was spending too much money.
Saw nuclear weapons as a deterrent
How much did Eisenhower reduce on conventional fighting
Reduced spending on conventional weapons to 12% and increased spending on nuclear weapons
What was Brinkmanship
Continuous threat of using nuclear weapons.
Why was Brinkmanship considered dangerous
As the USSR also had nuclear weapons so could easily cause nuclear war if they called the USA’s bluff.
What was Massive retaliation
First resort to deter communist aggression. US threats used to get concession from Communist
What is national security policy
Policy that defines actions that a state deems necessary to protect itself.
When was the CIA established
June 1947
How was the CIA used under Truman
Limited use with CIA being used in Italy 1948 to refuse communism
Why was there an increased use in CIA during Eisenhower’s term
Due to the relation of his secretary of state Dulles whose brother Allen was the head of the CIA
Two examples of CIA covert operations during 1950s
1953 - Iran operation Ajax where the PM wanted to nationalise oil so CIA set up coup to remove PM
1954 - Guatemala
What did America view Latin & Caribbean as
Their “backyard” under the Monroe Doctrine 1823
What was the RIO pact of 1947
That an attack on 1 country in the Americas would be seen as an attack on all
How did the CIA intervene in Guatemala
CIA supplied anti-communist Castillo Armas with funds leading current PM Arbenz to seek help from Moscow.
June 1954 Armas invades Guatemala leading to Arbenz to resign
What was encirclement
Where Eisenhower would build alliances to surround the communists.
Examples of alliances during 1949-1955
RIO
NATO
ANZUS
SEATO
Baghdad pact which becomes CENTO
