Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Lesson A1 - Pharmacology > Flashcards

Lesson A1 - Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

In ancient societies medicine men acted as…

A

Physicians + Priests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Medical practice was distorted by

A

Religion + Magic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why did religion use to use intoxicating substances

A

To try and communicate to God

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How did people use to try and communicate with God

A

Using intoxicating substances to by altering the state of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 plants that use to be used to alter the state of consciousness to try and communicate with God and where were they from

A
  • Psilocybe mushroom ( Mexico)

- Peyote cactus ( North America)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Psilocin comes from what plant and what was it used for

A
  • Psilocybe mushroom

- Used to try and communicate with God in the past

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What plant contains mescaline and where is it from and what was it’s purpose

A
  • Peyote cactus ( North America)

- Used to try and communicate with God in the past by altering the state of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who said the following quote “ all substances are poisons. There is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy”

A
  • Paracelsus

- Swiss physician (16th century)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who is Paracelsus

A
  • Swiss physican in the 16th century
  • He said “ all substances are poisons. There is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What were the purpose of ordeal trials

A

Identify sorcerers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 2 things that can happen in an ordeal trial

A
  • People vomited → and didn’t die (were not classified as sorcerers)
  • People who didn’t vomit → (they were classified as sorcerers)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an ordeal trial?

A
  • People of the tribe gathered in a circle and was given poison from a traditional healer to see who were sorcerers (people who could be the cause of epidemics and bad harvest)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is it called when people gather in a circle and are given poison (usually done in West and Central Africa and Madagascar)

A

Ordeal trials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is this called

  • People vomited → and didn’t die (were not classified as sorcerers)
  • People who didn’t vomit → (they were classified as sorcerers)
A

ordeal trial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Many drugs are derived from __________

A

Poisons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A poison that treats glaucoma

A

Physostigmine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Physostigmine used to treat?

A

Glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is Physostigmine derived from?

A

Calabar bean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The Calabar bean is the plant used to make what drug? What does this drug treat?

A
  • Physostigmine

- Treats glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Natives dipped arrows in _____

A

Curare (poison)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What drug caused animal paralysis+death

A
  • Curare

- From natives who dipped their arrows in it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does Curare cause?

A

Animal paralysis + death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nerves dealing with skeletal muscles relieve what?

A

Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is released from nerve endings

A

Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

_______ combines with receptors causing the muscle to contract

A

Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does Acetylcholine do and cause?

A

Combines with receptors causing the muscle to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How does Curare interfere with Acetylcholine?

A

Combines with receptors instead of the usual acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What combines with receptors instead of the usual Acetylcholine?

A

Curare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

_________ prevents _______ from combining with muscle which prevents ________

A

Curare, Acetylcholine, Muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

_______ valuable drug to a skilled anaesthetist

A

Curare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Curare is a valuable drug to a __________

A

Skilled anaesthetist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Curare is a ______ that a _________ can use

A

Poison, killed anaesthetist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Giving small doses of _______ to a patients causes their muscles to relax allowing the surgeon to do better work

A

Curare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does small doses of curare allow

A

Causes patients muscles to relax which allows the surgeon to do better work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Drug that let’s a surgeon do better work

A

Curare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

_______ is a fungus that grows on the ears of rye

A

Ergot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is Ergot?

A

A fungus that grows on the ears of rye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Rye causes ________ which are ______ to humans

A

Alkaloids, toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Middle ages ______ was mixed with ______ and found it’s way into bread

A

Ergot, Rye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What happened when Ergot was mixed with Rye?

A

Terrible epidemics = 250 years ago = 20,000 died in one region in Russia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the 3 symptoms of ergot poisoning?

A
  1. Burning in the limbs (Holy Fire or Anthony’s fire)
  2. Constriction of blood flow (toes/limbs starved of blood supply = limbs become black = gradually died and fell off
  3. Mental frenzy/Hallucinations + Convulsions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Some compounds of ________ resemble ______

A

Ergot, LSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

LSD is based of what?

A

Structure of ergot alkaloids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What could the following symptoms be caused by? (toes/limbs starved of blood supply = limbs become black = gradually died and fell off

A
  • Ergot Poisoning

- Constriction of blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Holy fire or Anthony’s fire is caused from what?

A

Ergot Poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What causes burning in the limbs?

A

Ergot Poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What causes constriction of blood flow?

A

Ergot Poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What causes Mental frenzy/Hallucinations + Convulsions?

A

Ergot Poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Ergot Poisoning

A

Ergotamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

________used in the treatment of migraines

A

Ergotamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

__________ are caused by the pulsation of __________ which carry blood to the head

A

Migraines, Blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

How does ergotamine work

A
  • Constricts blood flow
  • Constricts blood vessels which carry blood to the brain and reduce the amplitude of the pulsation of these blood vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Ergotamine _____(3 words)__________ and reduces the _________ of the _______ of these blood vessels

A

Constricts blood vessels, amplitude, pulsation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Medical specialty dealing with the care of all women’s reproductive tracts and their children during pregnancy (prenatal period), childbirth and the postnatal period.

A

Obstetrics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Obstetrics

A

Medical specialty dealing with the care of all women’s reproductive tracts and their children during pregnancy (prenatal period), childbirth and the postnatal period.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Ergonovine is used in what type of medicine

A

Obstetrics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

___________ helps the uterus contract forcefully and helps stop bleeding

A

Ergonovine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What does Ergonovine do?

A

Helps the uterus contract forcefully and helps stop bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Main use of Ergonovine

A

Arrest bleeding after childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Ergonovine was used to _________ to speed up_________

A

contract the uterus, delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

________ is no longer used to contract the uterus, speed up delivery and arrest bleeding after childbirth because it is too dangerous

A

Ergonovine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Why is Ergonovine no longer used

A

Too dangerous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Who classified drugs according to taste (Botanicals + Animal products) and what was the time period?

A
  • 2700 BC

- Shen Nong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

___________ classified drugs according to taste (Botanicals + Animal products) in 2700 BC

A

Shen Nong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

In 2700 BC Shen Nong classified drugs according to ______ ( ________+_______)

A

Taste, Botanicals, Animal products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What was Ma Huang used for?

A

Fever, Cold, Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

_______ is classified as a medium drug and used to treat _______(3 things)______

A
  • Ma Huang

- Fever, Cold, Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

What drug is isolated from Ma Huang? What is is used to treat?

A

Ephedrine, Asthma as a decongestant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Ephedrine is isolated from _______ and used to treat ________

A

Ma Huang, Asthma as a decongestant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Chinese traditional medicine still uses _________

A

Plants and animal products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Plants and animal products are used in what type of medicine?

A

Tradition Chinese Medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What type of medicine believed that milk from a mother that gave birth to a healthy child would heal a sick child

A

Early Egyptian Medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What would milk from a mother who gave birth to a healthy child do?

A

Heal a sick child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What does Early Egyptian medicine believe would heal a sick child

A

Milk from a mother who gave birth to a healthy child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Who is Ebers Papyrus?

A

Egyptian writing which was essentially a textbook of drug use for physicians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

_____________ were Egyptian writings which were essentially a textbook of drug use for physicians

A

Ebers Papyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

What type of drugs did the Egyptian writings, Ebers Papyrus contain?

A

Purgatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

_________ were contained in the Ebers Papyrus writing

A

Purgatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

________ drugs used to cause bowel movements

A

Purgatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What are purgatives

A

Drugs used to cause bowel movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Give 3 examples of purgatives

A

Caster oil, Figs, Senna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Caster oil, Figs, Senna are examples of _________

A

Purgatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

_______ containing products are still available today

A

Senna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

What type of purgative is still used in product today = Caster oil, Figs or Senna

A

Senna

85
Q

Where were Ordeal trials held?

A

West and Central Africa

86
Q

Arrow poisons….. Where and who and what drug?

A

Amazon, Natives, Curare

87
Q

Early Chinese medicine was practised by

A

Shen Nong

88
Q

who is the Pupil of Aristole?

A

Theophrastus

89
Q

Who is Theophrastus

A

Pupil of Aristole

90
Q

Who wrote a textbook on therapeutics?

A

Theophrastus

91
Q

Where is opium obtained from?

A

opium poppy (Papaver somniferium)

92
Q

What is the Papaver somniferium

A

Opium poppy

93
Q

How do you get opium

A
  1. Cut poppy bulb open

2. Fluid comes out and dried up = contains opium

94
Q

Opium is found to contain ___ % morphine

A

10

95
Q

How much morphine is in opium?

A

10

96
Q

10% amount of morphine found in ______

A

Opium

97
Q

Opium contains ___ % codeine

A

0.5%

98
Q

0.5% amount of codeine found in ______

A

Opium

99
Q

Opium contains _______ % of ______ and _______ % of _______

A

10%, Morphine, 0.5% codeine

100
Q

What is the use of Codeine and what drug is it in

A

Pain relief, Tylenol 1

101
Q

Tylenol 1 contains

A

Codeine

102
Q

Morphine can ______ of very great ______

A

relieve pain, Intensity

103
Q

What drugs only relieve mild to moderate pain?

A

Aspirin + Acetaminophen

104
Q

Acetaminophen is a name for what brand name drug?

A

Tylenol

105
Q

Tylenol also know as __________

A

Acetaminophen

106
Q

What are Analgesics

A

Pain relieving drugs

107
Q

Pain relieving drugs are called

A

Analgesics

108
Q

_________ is the gold standard which other analgesics get compared to

A

Morphine

109
Q

Morphine is the ____________ of _________ type medications

A

Gold standards, Analgesics

110
Q

Morphine can be used to treat anxiety –> true or false?

A

True, however there are better drugs for this now

111
Q

Morphine can be used to treat ________

A

Anxiety, however there are better drugs for this now

112
Q

Morphine can be converted into ________

A

Heroine

113
Q

________ can be converted into Heroine

A

Morphine

114
Q

Drug with a high abuse risk and that is not used in therapeutics

A

Heroin

115
Q

Drug that is only available in Canada for the treatment of terminally ill Cancer patients

A

Heroin

116
Q

Debate going on over if _________ has an advantage over _________

A

Morphine, Heroin

117
Q

How does Morphine work?

A
  1. Combines with receptors in the nervous system

2. These receptors are usually utilized by relieving chemicals produced in the NS

118
Q

The Colchicum plant was introduced to treat what?

A

Gout

119
Q

What plant was used to treat gout?

A

Colchicum plant

120
Q

What chemical was extracted from the colchicine plant

A

colchicine (still used for gout)

121
Q

What is a major problem today

A

People using too many drugs

122
Q

Why is it dangerous to use too many drugs in a patient?

A
  • Drugs can interact

- Create toxic effects

123
Q

Who said “ Never used two drugs where one will do”

A

Maimonides = scholar

124
Q

Maimonides = scholar said what?

A

” Never used two drugs where one will do”

125
Q

Digitalis purpurea is also know as

A

Foxglove

126
Q

Foxglove is also know as ___________

A

Digitalis purpurea

127
Q

Who is William Withering

A
  • Physician + Botanist

- Introduced Digitalis purpurea also know as Foxglove

128
Q

What did William Withering introduced in 1785?

A

Digitalis purpurea also know as Foxglove

129
Q

Where does the digitalis purpurea (foxglove) get it’s name from?

A

The flowers are purple + shaped like fingers

130
Q

Who said “ Has power over the motion of the heart to a degree not yet observed in any other medicine.”

A

William Withering

131
Q

What did William Withering say?

A

Talking about digitalis purpurea (foxglove)

- “ Has power over the motion of the heart to a degree not yet observed in any other medicine.”

132
Q

What type of drugs are useful for patients with certain forms of heart disease?

A

Digitalis drugs

133
Q

_________ type of drugs are for patients with certain forms of heart disease?

A

Digitalis drugs

134
Q

How does the heart muscle work?

A
  • Heart muscle is stretched by blood entering the heart → contracts forcefully → eject blood with great force
  • Medications increase the performance of the heart
135
Q

Certain heart conditions have a problem with what?

A
  • Can’t expel blood with as much force → the flow of blood therefore is decreased through the small blood vessels
  • Entering the heart → contracts forcefully → eject blood with great force
  • Medications increase the performance of the heart
136
Q

What medication do doctors use to treat certain heart conditions?

A

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

137
Q

What is Nitroglycerin?

A
  • Explosive material → used to make dynamite

- Treatment for → Angina pectoris

138
Q

__________ is latin for “ Chocking in the chest”

A

Angina pectoris

139
Q

___________ is an explosive material used to make dynamite and is used for the treatment of Angina pectoris

A

Nitroglycerin

140
Q

What is the Latin word for “Chocking in the chest”

A

Angina pectoris

141
Q

Who suggested to use Amyl Nitrite to treat angina pectoris (chocking in the chest)

A

Lauder Brunton

142
Q

_____________ suggested to use ___________ to treat angina pectoris (chocking in the chest)

A

Lauder Brunton, Amyl Nitrite

143
Q

What does a amyl nitrite do?

A
  • Lower blood pressure (Animals + men)

- Effects were short –> longer acting form wanted

144
Q

What did William Murrel do in 1879?

A

Showed that nitroglycerin caused similar effects to amyl nitrate but longer acting

145
Q

What is the benefit of nitroglycerin over amyl nitrate

A

Longer acting

146
Q

Who showed that nitroglycerin caused similar effects to amyl nitrate but longer acting and in what year?

A

William Murrel in 1879

147
Q

What causes angina pectoris?

A

Not having enough oxygen available to the heart muscle

148
Q

_____________ is when their is not enough oxygen available to the heat muscle

A

Angina pectoris

149
Q

What does nitroglycerin do?

A
  • Dilates (opens up) blood vessels in the heart + other places in the body
  • Increases the supply of oxygen to the heart and decreases the oxygen requirements of the heart –> relieving pain
150
Q

What dilates (opens up) blood vessels in the heart + other places in the body and therefore Increases the supply of oxygen to the heart and decreases the oxygen requirements of the heart –> relieving pain

A

Nitroglycerin

151
Q

What is still the drug of choice for treating angina pectoris?

A

Nitroglycerin

152
Q

Quinine is a constituent of the bark of the _______________ located in _________

A

Cinchona tree, South America

153
Q

What is the active principle from the Cinchona bark?

A

Quinine

154
Q

Quinine is the active principle from the ______________

A

Cinchona bark?

155
Q

What was Quinine used to treat?

A

Malaria

156
Q

Malaria was treated with ____________

A

Quinine (Active principle of the Cinchona bark)

157
Q

What is a close relative of Quinine?

A

Quinidine

158
Q

Quinidine is a close relative of __________

A

Quinine

159
Q

What was Quinidine used to treat?

A

Treatment of certain heart rhythms

160
Q

What is arrhythmias

A

Disorder of heart rhythm

161
Q

_____________ is the disorder of heart rhythm

A

Arrhythmias

162
Q

What year was Reserpine + Chlorpromazine introduced?

A

1953

163
Q

The introduction of Reserpine + Chlorpromazine brought major changes in the treatment of ______________

A

Mental patients

164
Q

Where and what did the Rauwolfia plant do?

A

India, Reduce tension + Anxiety + Lower blood pressure

165
Q

In the 1950’s a swiss pharmaceutical company isolated the chemical from the ___________ plant and the chemical was ___________

A

Rauwolfia, Reserpine

166
Q

What were the effects of Reserpine on Monkeys+dogs?

A

Turned originally fierce and aggressive ones into calm+tranquil within a few days

167
Q

___________ turned originally fierce dogs and monkeys and aggressive ones into calm+tranquil within a few days

A

Reserpine

168
Q

_________ allowed patients who were difficult to manage to return home and live at peace with their families

A

Reserpine

169
Q

What drug was preferred over Reserpine for the management of mental illness?

A

Chlorpromazine

170
Q

Chlorpromazine was preferred over __________ for the management of mental illness?

A

Reserpine

171
Q

Why is Chlorpromazine preferred over ____________

A

Reserpine, Because it is difficult to find the right dose of Reserpine

172
Q

It is difficult to find the right dose of ____________

A

Reserpine

173
Q

2 drugs that were introduced that had a socially beneficial effect

A

Reserpine, Chlorpromazine

174
Q

Chlorpromazine and Reserpine were 2 drugs that had a __________________________

A

Socially beneficial effect

175
Q

In 1942 Albert Hofmann was responsible for for synthesizing what drug?

A

LSD

176
Q

What does LSD stand for?

A

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide

177
Q

____________ is similar in chemical structure to ergotamine and ergonovine

A

LSD

178
Q

LSD similar in chemical structure to ___________ and _____________

A

Ergotamine, Ergonovine

179
Q

Who was the quote by and what did he ingest? “Last Friday, April 16, 1943, I was forced to stop my work in the laboratory in the middle of the afternoon and to go home, as I was seized by a peculiar restlessness associated with a sensation of mild dizziness. On arriving home, I lay down and sank into a kind of drunkenness which was not unpleasant and which was characterized by extreme activity of imagination.”

A

Albert Hofmann, LSD

180
Q

Who is the father of chemotherapy? Where and when was he born?

A

Paul Ehrlich, Germany in 1854

181
Q

Who designed complexes of arsenic and organic molecules (organoarsenicals) which selectively bound to parasites.

A

Paul Ehrlich ( Father of chemotherapy)

182
Q

Paul Ehrlich designed complexes of arsenic and organic molecules (organoarsenicals) which selectively bound to parasites lead to what discovery? In what century?

A

Cure of syphilis in the early 20th century

183
Q

Who’s studies lead to a cure of syphilis?

A

Paul Ehrlich

184
Q

Who introduced sulfa drugs? When and where?

A

Gerard Domagk, 1930’s in Germany

185
Q

The introduction of sulfa drugs in the 1930 lead to the first _________________ for the treatment of ___________________

A

Synthetic drugs, bacterial disease

186
Q

The introduction of ____________ in the 1930 lead to the first synthetic drugs for the treatment of bacterial disease

A

Sulfa drugs

187
Q

Who is Alexander Fleming?

A

Discovered the first antibiotic (penicillin) –> - St. Mary’s Hospital, London, 1929.

188
Q

Who discovered the first antibiotic?

A

Alexander Fleming

189
Q

What was the first antibiotic discovered?

A

Penicillin

190
Q

What was the major use of Penicillin?

A

-Major use was in the therapy of disease caused by gram-positive bacteria

191
Q

Who is Selman Waksman?

A

Discovered streptomycin in 1943

192
Q

What was that discovery that was the turning point in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis and diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria

A

Streptomycin ( Discovered by Selman Waksman)

193
Q

Who suggested and showed in the 1800 that nitrous oxide had the ability to prevent pain?

A

-Humphrey Davy (British scientist)

194
Q

Nitrous oxide was also known as ____________ in the 1840’s

A

Laughing gas

195
Q

Who gave demonstrations in the 1840’s nitrous oxide (laughing gas)

A

Colton (Chemist lecturer)

196
Q

In a demonstration of laughing gas someone in the audience participated and tried to take it and started to fight someone and cut his leg open but didn’t feel any pain –> who was really impressed?

A

Wells (Dentist)

197
Q

Who tried nitrous oxide in teeth extraction and found it really useful and said “ A new era in Tooth-Pulling)

A

Wells (Dentist)

198
Q

_______ had similar properties to nitrous oxide

A

Ether

199
Q

Who had a intense interest in Anaesthesia and practiced it on himself + animals?

A

Morton

200
Q

What did Morton ask his professor while in medical school?

A

Requested approval to try ether in surgery

201
Q

Where was the first operation under anaesthesia

A

Massachusetts General Hospital

202
Q

Who said This is no humbug, I have seen something today that will go around the world.” and what was he referring to?

A

Professor of Morton, First operation under anaesthesia

203
Q

Psilocybin, Psilocin, Mescaline, LSD are examples of what type of drug?

A

Hallucinogens

204
Q

Morphine, Codeine, Heroin, Aspirin, Acetaminophen are examples of what type of drug?

A

Analgesics (Pain relieving drugs)

205
Q

Digoxin, Nitroglycerin, Amyl Nitrire, Quinidine, Reserpine are examples of what type of drugs?

A

Cardiovascular

206
Q

Organoarsenicals, sulfa, penicillin, streptomycin are examples of what type of drug?

A

Antimicrobial

207
Q

Nitrous oxide and ether are examples of what type of drug?

A

Anaesthetics

208
Q

Chlorpromazine, reserpine are drugs used in what?

A

Psychiatry

Pharmacology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions