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Pharmacology > Lesson B10 - Nicotine > Flashcards

Lesson B10 - Nicotine Flashcards

1
Q

Nicotine is a ________________________ that is found in __________.

A

naturally-occurring, tobacco

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2
Q

What are the 3 most psychoactive drugs used in society?

A

Nicotine, Caffeine, Alcohol

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3
Q

True or false? Nicotine has no therapeutic value?

A

True

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4
Q

When does nicotine have a therapeutic value?

A

In smoking cessation programs

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5
Q

How many deaths approximately each day is tobacco use related too?

A

Approximately 100

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6
Q

When did the use of tobacco increase and why?

A
  • From the 1940’s-1970’s

- Because it was though as “cool”

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7
Q

True or False? It is not nicotine which is responsible for the long-term effects of smoking, but other compounds found in tobacco and tobacco smoke.

A

True

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8
Q

Nicotine stimulates _______________ in the ___________________, including the ____________, producing increased psychomotor activity, cognitive function, attention and enhanced memory

A

Nicotinic receptors, Central nervous system, cerebral cortex

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9
Q

When nicotine stimulates the nicotinic receptors, central nervous system and cerebral cortex what does this cause?

A
  • Increased psychomotor activity, cognitive function, attention and enhanced memory
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10
Q

What does large doses of nicotine cause?

A

In large doses, it can cause agitation, tremors and seizures

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11
Q

In the peripheral nervous system what does nicotine stimulate? What is the result?

A
  • Sympathetic ganglia and thus drives the sympathetic nervous system
  • Increase in hear rate an blood pressure
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12
Q

Nicotine has powerful ______________ and it is ________ in ________ products that is responsible for the _________.

A

reinforcing properties, nicotine, tobacco, dependence

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13
Q

Is nicotine from cigarette smoke rapidly absorbed?

A
  • Yes

- Nicotine is cigarettes are in very small particles and when inhaled these droplets are rapidly absorbed

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14
Q

How many % of nicotine is absorbed following “Normal Smoking”

A

20%

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15
Q

True or False? Nicotine is available in gum and patches?

A

True

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16
Q

Name 3 ways other than smoking a cigarette that nicotine is absorbed?

A

Nicotine is absorbed as well, from the gastrointestinal tract, oral mucosa and across the skin (transdermal) (nicotine is available as a gum and as patches).

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17
Q

Nicotine is distributed throughout the body and __________________________

A

Rapidly penetrates to the brain

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18
Q

True or false? Nicotine cannot cross the placenta?

A
  • False

- It readily crosses the placenta and may have deleterious effects on the fetus.

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19
Q

What is the half life of nicotine in the body?

A

2 hours

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20
Q

Nicotine is rapidly metabolized in the ________ and the metabolites are excreted in the ________

A

Liver, Urine

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21
Q

How is nicotine used in medical use and how is it administered?

A
  • Only is smoking cessation programs

- Chewing gum or a transdermal patches

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22
Q

How dose the use of nicotine gum or transdermal patches work?

A
  • Maintain the nicotine in the blood levels and satisfy the craving of the cigarette
  • Allows the tapering of of nicotine
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23
Q

In a non-smoker how dose a few puffs affect them?

A
  • Dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps

- The smoke may trigger coughing or gagging. These symptoms disappear in the chronic user.

24
Q

Do effects of a user that only had a few puffs disappear in chronic users?

A
  • Yes

- Dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps dissapears

25
Q

What are the affects of regular use of nicotinic products?

A
  • Mild euphoria, enhanced arousal, increased ability to concentrate, a sense of relaxation, and of course, a reduction in the urge to smoke
  • Nicotine may cause a small increase in heart rate and blood pressure.
  • Nicotine may depress appetite.
26
Q

True or false Nicotine may cause a small increase in heart rate and blood pressure and may depress appetite

A

True

27
Q

True/False? Cigarette smoking is recognized as the major preventable cause of premature death in Canada.

A

True

28
Q

What dose tobacco smoke contain?

A

Tobacco smoke contains nicotine, carbon monoxide, and thousands of other compounds, some of which are carcinogens

29
Q

_____ of every _____ Canadians aged ___ who smoke, _____ will die from smoking-related diseases before the age of ___

A

1, 1000, 20, 500, 70

30
Q

In Canada, ____ of deaths from all causes is attributable to cigarette smoking

A

21%

31
Q

The social and economic cost of smoking estimates range from _____________ per year in Canada.

A

$9.5 to $12.3 billion

32
Q

What are the 2 components in cigarette smoke that cause cardiovascular disease?

A

Nicotine and carbon monoxide

33
Q

How does carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke contribute to cardiovascular disease?

A

Carbon monoxide reduces the capacity of the red blood cells to carry oxygen.

34
Q

What does nicotine and carbon monoxide in cigarettes increase the likelihood of?

A

Both of these compounds increase the incidence of atherosclerosis (plaques in the vessel) and formation of thrombi (blood clots).

35
Q

There is a _________ increase in risk of death due to cardiac causes in the smoker.

A

5- to 19-fold

36
Q

In Canada, ________ people per year will die of smoking-related cardiovascular disease; this is ____of deaths due to all cardiac causes.

A
  • 11,000

- 1/3

37
Q

True or false? Lung disease is increased by smoking

A

Trie

38
Q

What is are the symptoms of the smoker’s syndrome

A
  • Difficulty in breathing, wheezing, chest pain, congested lung, and increased lung infections.
39
Q

In smokers there is an increased risk of __________ and other forms of ______________________

A

Emphezema, chronic obstructive lung disease

40
Q

_______ of all cancers are estimated to be caused by cigarette smoke.

A

30%

41
Q

Cigarette smoke is known to increase the risk of what types of cancers?

A

Cancer of the lung, the oral cavity and throat, the bladder, and the uterus.

42
Q

The effects of ___________ are also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer to the individual exposed to __________ (a non-smoker in the presence of smokers)

A

Passive smoke, Passive smoke

43
Q

What is passive smoke?

A

A non-smoker in the presence of smokers

44
Q

In children passive smoke increases the risk of:

A

bronchitis and pneumonia, asthma and sudden infant death syndrome.

45
Q

True or False? Biological dependance in smokers is significant

A
  • False

- Biological tolerance does not appear to occur to any great extent.

46
Q

Why do most smokers smoke?

A

To keep the nicotine in their blood levels in a certain range

47
Q

What is the range than smokers try keep of nicotine in their blood

A

(30 to 40 nanograms/millilitre)

48
Q

What dose the number of cigarettes smoked each day signify

A
  • The amount that is necessary to keep the nicotine at a certain level
49
Q

True or False? Smokers are in a state of nicotine withdrawal upon awakening in the morning?

A

True

50
Q

Do Physical and psychological dependence occur with nicotine?

A

Yes they both do

51
Q

What are the symptoms from withdrawal?

A

Irritability, restlessness, anxiety, insomnia, fatigue, inability to concentrate, and an extreme urge to smoke.

52
Q

What are the 2 withdrawal symptoms that may persist for months after stopping?

A

Inability to concentrate, and an extreme urge to smoke.

53
Q

Nicotine is a _____________ and has a high degree of __________

A

powerful reinforcer, abuse liability

54
Q

True or false? Health Canada and the Royal Society of Canada both state that tobacco products meet all the requirements of addicting substances.

A

True

55
Q

True or False? Nicotine replacement programs (gum or patches) with counselling and support are somewhat more successful than just one or the other.

A

True

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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