1A - Introduction

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

Study of living organisms

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Subdivision of biology that is concerned with the functioning of the body
- explains the chemical and physical processes

Question 3

Anatomy

Answer 3

Subdivision of biology that is concerned with the form, structure or morphology of the body

Question 4

Cytology

Answer 4

study of cells

Question 5

Histology

Answer 5

study of tissues

Question 6

Gross anatomy

Answer 6

study of structure visible to naked eye

Question 7

Surface anatomy

Answer 7

Study of the surface structures

Question 8

Developmental anatomy

Answer 8

Aka embryology; development prior to birth

Question 9

Comparative anatomy

Answer 9

comparing human structure to animals

Question 10

Radiology

Answer 10

Use of radiation to visualize internal body structure

Question 11

Anatomical pathology

Answer 11

study of tissue that departs from the normal and thus is diseased

Question 12

Cell

Answer 12

Smallest unit of living matter and the
characteristic building block of all plant and animal
tissue

Question 13

Tissue

Answer 13

Collection of cells of similar structure and function

Question 14

Organ

Answer 14

consists of two or more tissues blended in such a way as to form a structure, which can perform one function or related functions

Question 15

Organ systems

Answer 15

Consists of one or more organs that act together in performing a major function of the body

Question 16

Methods of study

Answer 16

Regional and Systemic

Question 17

Regional method of study

Answer 17

natural subdivisions of the body including (9 total)

Question 18

9 subdivisions of the body (regional)

Answer 18

Head: facial region and cranium, neck, thorax (chest), abdomen, pelvis, back (posterior aspect of thorax, abdomen and pelvis), trunk (combination of thorax, abdomen, pelvis and back), Upper limb (extremity): pectoral region, arm, forearm, and hand, Lower limb (extremity) gluteal region, thigh, leg and foot

Question 19

Systemic method of study

Answer 19

According to the major body systems; collections of organs that perform related functions; 12 systems

Question 20

What are the 12 organ systems?

Answer 20

Circulatory/cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, articular, nervous, endocrine, and reproductive

Question 21

Cardiovascular/circulatory (structure and function)

Answer 21

S: heart and blood vessels

F: transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells, removes waste molecules that are excreted from the body

Question 22

Lymphatic (structure and function)

Answer 22

S: lymphatic vessels, nodes, supporting lymphocytes and lymphoid organs

F: protects body from disease by purifying fluid. Involves white blood cells that produce antibodies

Question 23

Respiratory

Answer 23

S: lungs, pharynx, trachea, and larynx

F: conducts air, brings oxygen into lungs and takes CO@ out

Question 24

Digestive

Answer 24

S: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder and pancreas

F: receives food and digests it into nutrient molecules which enter the cells

Question 25

Urinary

Answer 25

S: kidneys, uterus, bladder, urethra F: rids the body of nitrogenous wastes and helps regulate the fluid level and chemical content of blood

Question 26

Integumentary

Answer 26

S: epidermis and dermis, skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and subcutaneous tissue F: provides support and protects underlying tissues, helps regulate body temp, and contains receptors

Question 27

Skeletal

Answer 27

S: bones of skeleton F: framework, movement of body

Question 28

Muscular

Answer 28

S: muscles F: movement of body

Question 29

Articular (between bones)

Answer 29

S: joints F: movement of body

Question 30

Nervous

Answer 30

S: brain, spinal cord, and nerves F: conducts nerve impulses to muscles and glands and receive impulses

Question 31

Endocrine

Answer 31

S: hormones, endocrine glands F: secretes chemicals that serve as messengers between body parts, maintains proper functioning of reproductive organs

Question 32

Reproductive

Answer 32

S: reproductive organs F: reproduction

Question 33

Anatomical position

Answer 33

1. body longitudinal 2. upper limbs by side 3. eyes directed forward 4. Palms directed forward 5. toes directed forward

Question 34

Median (midsagittal) plane

Answer 34

1 vertical plane passing through the body dividing it into equal left and right parts

Question 35

Sagittal plane

Answer 35

any vertical plane that parallels the median plane and divides the body into unequal left and right parts (infinity planes)

Question 36

Frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 36

any vertical plane that divides the body into front and back parts

Question 37

horizontal (transverse) plane

Answer 37

divides the upper and lower body

Question 38

Medial

Answer 38

Nearer the median plane. Example: the neck is medial to the shoulder

Question 39

Lateral

Answer 39

farther away from the median plane (the shoulder is lateral to the neck)

Question 40

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 40

nearer the front

Question 41

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 41

nearer the back

Question 42

Superior (cephalic)

Answer 42

near the upper head end

Question 43

Inferior (caudal)

Answer 43

nearer the tail end

Question 44

Proximal

Answer 44

nearer the attached end of a limb (shoulder lies proximal to elbow)

Question 45

Distal

Answer 45

farther away from attached end of a limb (our elbow lies distal to shoulder)

Question 46

Internal

Answer 46

nearer the center of an organ or cavity

Question 47

External

Answer 47

Farther away from the center of an organ or cavity

Question 48

Superficial

Answer 48

nearer the surface of the body

Question 49

Deep

Answer 49

Farther away from the surface of the body

Question 50

Supine position

Answer 50

lying on back, belly up

Question 51

Prone position

Answer 51

lying on front, back up

Question 52

The following can be seen with the aid of a microscope

Answer 52

Tissues

Question 53

When riding a bicycle, what plane are your lower extremities moving in?

Answer 53

Sagittal

Question 54

Choose the answer that includes the correct subdivisions of anatomy.

Answer 54

radiology, gross, surface, developmental

Question 55

Choose the correct statement in regards to the endocrine system.

Answer 55

It maintains proper functioning of reproductive organs.