1B - Integumentary system

Question 1

Skin is the largest organ in the body, comprising ___ of the total weight of the body.

Answer 1

15%

Question 2

The thinnest skin is located on _____.

Answer 2

Your eyelids

Question 3

What is true in the dermis?

Answer 3

• It is deep to the epidermis.
• It is 80% of the thickness of the skin.
• It contains blood vessels and nerves.
• It is composed of a dense irregular connective tissue.

Question 4

Choose the statement that best describes subcutaneous tissue.

Answer 4

It is loose connective tissue with an abundance of adipose cells.

Question 5

Your patient has severely low levels of calcium. However, he is ingesting the daily recommended amount, what would explain his condition?

Answer 5

Lack of sunlight and low vitamin D

Question 6

The skin acts as a barrier to microbes, H2O and various organic and inorganic toxins. Which part of the epidermis is responsible for this characteristic?

Answer 6

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Question 7

When an injury occurs to the epithelium, how is it repaired?

Answer 7

Mitosis at the basal epithelium

Question 8

A “sunburn” can occur because of?

Answer 8

Damage to melanocytes

Question 9

The deepest layer of the skin contains

Answer 9

Connective tissue, nerves, dense irregular connective tissue, and blood vessels

Question 10

A patient presents a deep laceration to the 2nd phalange of the left hand of which bone is now exposed. Which layer will receive nervous damage?

Answer 10

Epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue

Question 11

Epidermis

Answer 11

outermost layer of skin composed of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Question 12

The epidermis is ______

Answer 12

avascular; doesnt have blood vessels

Question 13

Melanocytes

Answer 13

produce dark pigment for skin called melanin

Question 14

Papillary ridges

Answer 14

finger and toe prints

Question 15

Vasodilation

Answer 15

When the body is too warm, blood vessels dilate allowing more blood flow and this lowers body temperature

Question 16

Vasoconstriction

Answer 16

When body is too cold, blood vessels constrict preventing blood flow and conserving body heat

Question 17

Noiceptors

Answer 17

detecting damage to skin

Question 18

Langerhans cells or epidermal dendritic cells

Answer 18

Able to destroy invasive pathogens via phagocytosis

Question 19

5 layers of epidermis

Answer 19

stratum corneum, lucidum, granusolum, spinosum, and basale

Question 20

Stratum basale

Answer 20

Deepest layer of epidermis and made up of single layer cubodial columnar cells called keratinocytes. Also has melanocytes

Question 21

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 21

Has several layers of keratinocytes, when basale cells divide daughter cells move up into the spinosum

Question 22

Keratinocytes of stratum spinosum are

Answer 22

Non-dividing

Question 23

Other cells associated with the stratum spinosum

Answer 23

Langerhan cells

Question 24

Langerhan’s cells

Answer 24

immunological cells capable of destroying pathogens that envade the epidermis. Also have been shown to destroy cancer cells

Question 25

Stratum granusolum

Answer 25

3 to 5 layers of flat cells, Cells of the Stratum Granulosum begin to die. The nucleus and organelles disintegrate and the cells fill with the structural protein keratin (a process called keratinization).

Question 26

Straum Lucidum

Answer 26

thin, translucent layer of the epidermis. The stratum lucidum only exists in areas of the body with very thick skin such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

Question 27

Stratum corneum

Answer 27

most superficial layer of the epidermis and consists of 20-30 layers of dead keratinized cells called corneocytes

Question 28

How long does it take for a cell to migrate from the stratum basale to the corneum

Answer 28

2 weeks

Question 29

What is the dermis composed of?

Answer 29

dense irregular connective tissue containing both connective properties and collagen

Question 30

What does the dermis include?

Answer 30

blood vessels, sweat and sebacous glands, smooth muscle tissue, hair follicles and sensory nerve endings

Question 31

How much does the dermis take up of the skin?

Answer 31

80%

Question 32

Papillary layer

Answer 32

apart of the dermis, lies adjacent to the epidermis and possesses raised projections called the dermal papillae

Question 33

Reticular Layer

Answer 33

apart of the dermis, possesses the majority of accessory structures associated with the dermal layer of the integument including blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands and hair follicles.

Question 34

Subcutaneous Tissue aka the Hypodermis

Answer 34

deep in the dermis and contains and it made up of loose connective tissue

Question 35

Lanugo hair

Answer 35

develops on fetus during the last trimester and is very fine and lacks pigmentation

Question 36

vellus hair

Answer 36

replaces lanugo hair after birth and is found on most parts of body

Question 37

Terminal hair

Answer 37

longer pigmented hair found on scalp, eyebrows and eyelashes. At puberty, terminal hair replaces vellus hair in the inguinal and axillary regions.

Question 38

Anagen phase

Answer 38

can last from 18 months to 7 years and is called the active phase of hair growth

Question 39

Catagen phase

Answer 39

last from 3-4 weeks and is a period when cellular division has stopped

Question 40

Telogen phase

Answer 40

last 3-4 months and is a resting period of hair loss

Question 41

Two types of sweat glands

Answer 41

merocrine and apocrine

Question 42

merocrine glands

Answer 42

more numerous (3-4 million) high concentrated on the palms and soles of feet and forehead. Dont smell

Question 43

Apocrine glands

Answer 43

produce a more viscous secretion that contains proteins and lipids that are released into the hair follicles. Releases body odor, typically found armpit groin and nipples.

Question 44

Sebaceous glands

Answer 44

oil producing glands usually termed sebum. this is why our hair gets greasy

Question 45

Folliculitis

Answer 45

localized inflammation of the hair follicle caused by bacterial infection

Question 46

First degree burns

Answer 46

damage to the epidermis from sun, characterized by edema (swelling), rubor (redness), and dolor (mild to moderate pain).

Question 47

Second degree burns

Answer 47

damage to the epidermal and dermal layers, present with blistering. Symptoms are more severe and delayed 2-4 weeks

Question 48

third degree burns

Answer 48

damage to the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layers, often caused by toxic chemicals and scolding hot water