1B4 Applications and Contributions of Science and Technology Flashcards
Explore how science and technology improve daily life through applications across chemistry, physics, and life sciences, guided by ethical decision-making to address global needs.
What are ethics in scientific research?
Moral principles that guide responsible research.
Ethical considerations include obtaining informed consent, ensuring confidentiality, and avoiding harm to participants, animals, and the environment.
Define:
informed consent
Obtaining permission from participants after they understand the risks, procedures, and benefits.
Informed consent ensures that participants are aware of their rights and the nature of the study before agreeing to participate.
True or False:
Scientific misconduct can include falsifying data and plagiarism.
True
Scientific misconduct undermines the credibility of research and can have serious consequences for both the individual and the scientific community.
Fill in the blank:
_____ ________ is a process of analyzing risks and benefits to make informed scientific decisions.
Risk assessment
In risk assessment, scientists analyze potential hazards, the likelihood of harm, and the severity of consequences to make informed, balanced decisions.
List 3 ways that chemistry has impacted daily life.
- Water purification
- Plastic development
- Creation of batteries
Chemical processes and innovations have led to cleaner drinking water, more flexible productions, and the development of energy storage tools such as batteries.
List 3 ways that physics has impacted daily life.
- Improved communication
- Development of telescopes
- Medical imaging
Advancements in physics have led to larger cellular networks, development of complex tools like microscopes, and higher quality medical imaginging for diagnosing disease.
List 3 ways that the life sciences have impacted daily life.
- Effective medicine and treatments
- Improved public health
- Biotechnology development
Advancements in the life sciences have allowed for higher-quality medical treatments, more complex public health initatives, and the development of ground-breaking biotechnology processes.
List out 3 ways that the earth sciences have impacted daily life.
- Satellites
- GPS Tracking
- Predicting natural hazards
Advancements in the earth sciences led to the creation of tools like satellites, localization using global positioning, and the prediction of upcoming extreme weather events and natural hazards.
How does science contribute to water purification?
Scientists created physical and chemical methods to produce clean water.
Methods like filtration or chlorination help to remove solids, organic material, and impurities, ensuring that water is safe for discharge or reuse.
True or False:
All pesticides are harmful to humans and animals.
False
Not all pesticides are harmful. Organic and properly regulated pesticides are designed to be safe for humans and animals when used according to instructions.
What does the term toxic mean?
Harmful or poisonous, especially to humans or animals.
A substance that is toxic can cause damage to living organisms when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed.
What is one main advantage of genetically modified (GM) crops over traditional crops?
Increased resistance to pests and diseases.
These modified crops are often engineered to withstand pests, reducing the need for chemical pesticides and improving yields.
What are pesticides?
Chemicals used to deter or eliminate pests such as insects, rodents, and weeds.
Pesticides can be synthetic or derived from natural ingredients.
What is the process of increasing concentration of toxins as you move up the food chain?
Biomagnification
As smaller organisms containing toxins are consumed by larger predators, the concentration of harmful substances like mercury increases.
For example: A small fish absorbs mercury from the water. A larger fish eats many of these small fish, accumulating more mercury in its body. A human who eats the larger fish ends up with an even higher concentration of mercury.
What is one of the major benefits of using pesticides?
Increased crop yield.
Pesticides help protect crops from pests, leading to higher production and reduced crop loss, which can lower food prices.
Fill in the blank:
In DNA technology, a ______ ______ is used to create copies of genes or sequences.
cloning vector
Cloning vectors, such as plasmids, are used to insert specific genes into host cells for replication and analysis.
What is genetic resistance?
The ability of organisms to survive exposure to a chemical, such as a pesticide, due to genetic changes.
Pests can develop resistance through natural selection, making certain pesticides less effective over time.
What is a common application of nanotechnology in medicine?
Targeted drug delivery.
Nanoparticles can be engineered to deliver drugs directly to specific cells, such as cancer cells, minimizing side effects.
True or False:
Vaccines are a product of biotechnology.
True
Vaccines are developed using biological techniques to stimulate an immune response against specific diseases.
What is DNA technology?
The study and manipulation of genetic material.
This technology enables genetic research, diagnostics, gene therapy, and agricultural advancements, among other applications.
What is a satellite phone?
A phone that communicates through satellites rather than cellular networks.
A satellite phone is a communication device that uses satellite signals to make calls and send messages, particularly in remote areas where traditional cellular networks are unavailable.
Fill in the blank:
The technology that allows for the detection of genetic material in a sample is called _____ ________.
DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing is the technology used to determine the exact sequence of nucleotides (A, T, C, G) in a DNA molecule, crucial for identifying genetic information and diagnosing genetic disorders.
What does GPS stand for?
Global Positioning System
GPS uses a network of satellites orbiting the Earth to send location signals to receivers on the ground, enabling accurate navigation.
Fill in the blank:
________ are used in hospitals to monitor the electrical activity of the heart.
Electrocardiograms
(ECG or EKG)
ECGs detect abnormalities in heart rhythm and can diagnose heart diseases.
Fill in the blank:
Telescopes use lenses or mirrors to collect and magnify _______.
light
Telescopes allow scientists to observe distant celestial bodies, improving our understanding of space and the universe.
What is the primary wireless connection for a mobile phone?
Cellular network
Cellular networks allow mobile phones to communicate by transmitting signals between phones and base stations.
Fill in the blank:
Wireless communication uses _________ waves that travel through the air.
electromagnetic
Electromagnetic waves are used for various types of wireless communication.
What is the primary purpose of GPS?
To calculate location using signals from GPS satellites.
GPS determines the user’s position (latitude, longitude, and altitude) and provides directions or tracking information for navigation.
True or False:
Space exploration has led to advancements in materials science.
True
Technologies developed for space exploration, like lightweight materials and insulation, have applications in various industries.
How does the internet-of-things (IoT) enhance daily life?
It connects devices like appliances and wearables to the internet for remote control and automation.
IoT makes everyday tasks more efficient and helps monitor and control various systems in real-time.
