[1S] UNIT 1.1 Historical Background Taxonomy

Question 1

Systematic study of organisms that are too small to be seen by the naked eye

Answer 1

Microbiology

Question 2

Involves the study of:
• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Parasites
• Fungi

Answer 2

Microbiology

Question 3

suggested disease is caused by “invisible living creatures”

Answer 3

Girolamo Fracastoro

Question 4

introduced the Germ Theory

Answer 4

Girolamo Fracastoro

Question 5

Father of Protozoology and Bacteriology

Answer 5

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 6

1st person to observe and describe microorganisms and called them as “animalcules”

Answer 6

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 7

Father of Modern Microbiology

Answer 7

Louis Pasteur

Question 8

• Disproved Spontaneous Generation
• Proponent of Biogenesis

Answer 8

Louis Pasteur

Question 9

• Creation of Attenuated Vaccines
• Fermentation
• Pasteurization

Answer 9

Louis Pasteur

Question 10

developed the antiseptic system of surgery

Answer 10

Joseph Lister

Question 11

• Discovery of Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Culture of Bacteria using media

Answer 11

Robert Koch

Question 12

Use of Agar and Petri Dish in Cultivating Bacteria

Answer 12

Robert Koch

Question 13

KOCH’S POSTULATES

T/F: Microorganism must be observed in every case of the disease

Answer 13

T

Question 14

KOCH’S POSTULATES

T/F: It must be isolated and grown in mixed culture

Answer 14

F; pure culture

Question 15

KOCH’S POSTULATES

T/F: The pure culture, when inoculated in animals, must reproduce the disease

Answer 15

T

Question 16

KOCH’S POSTULATES

T/F: Microorganism must be recovered from the diseased animal

Answer 16

T

Question 17

discovered salvarsan to treat syphilis

Answer 17

Paul Ehrlich

Question 18

Discovered penicillin

Answer 18

Alexander Fleming

Question 19

An area of science that deals with the study of 3 distinct but interrelated disciplines (classification, nomenclature, ID)

Answer 19

Taxonomy

Question 20

Polyphasic Taxonomy is based on (3)

Answer 20

• Genotypic (Genetic make-up) Characteristics
• Phenotypic Characteristics
• Phylogenetic (Evolutionary Relationships)

Question 21

MALDI-TOF MS stands for

Answer 21

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Question 22

“Father of Taxonomy”
Binomial classification

Answer 22

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 23

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE: WHEN WRITING SCIENTIFIC NAMES…..

T/F: Nomenclature is limited to two taxa: genus and species.

Answer 23

T

Question 24

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE: WHEN WRITING SCIENTIFIC NAMES…..

T/F: First letter of the Genus is lowercase and can be
abbreviated.

Answer 24

F; capitalized

Question 25

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE: WHEN WRITING SCIENTIFIC NAMES..... T/F: Species names start using lowercase letters.

Answer 25

T

Question 26

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE: WHEN WRITING SCIENTIFIC NAMES..... T/F: Both components are italicized or underlined.

Answer 26

T

Question 27

BASIS: Cellular organism (whether unicellular or multicellular) and nutritional pattern

Answer 27

Robert Whittaker

Question 28

Introduced the 5 kingdom system

Answer 28

Robert Whittaker

Question 29

What are the 5 kingdom system?

Answer 29

○ Monera/Prokaryotae ○ Fungi ○ Protistae ○ Animalia ○ Plantae

Question 30

● BASIS: Cellular organization and function ● Simplified the classification of Robert Whittaker

Answer 30

Carl Woese

Question 31

What are the 3 domain systems by Carl Woese?

Answer 31

Bacteria Eukaria Archaea (BEA)

Question 32

HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION composed of similar divisions

Answer 32

Kingdom

Question 33

HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION have a common attribute

Answer 33

Family

Question 34

HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION The most basic taxonomic group

Answer 34

Species (Epithet)

Question 35

SUBSPECIES organism population that is differentiated from populations within species

Answer 35

Strains

Question 36

SUBSPECIES variant prokaryotic strains characterized by biochemical or physiological differences

Answer 36

Biovars

Question 37

SUBSPECIES variation in serological reactions; strains with distinctive antigenic properties

Answer 37

Serovars

Question 38

NOMENCLATURE Family name is capitalized and ends in

Answer 38

–aceae

Question 39

NOMENCLATURE Order name ends in

Answer 39

–ales

Question 40

NOMENCLATURE Tribe Names end in

Answer 40

-eae

Question 41

TAXONOMY T/F: In transferring a species from one genus to another, the species is retained. (Campylobacter pylori >> Helicobacter pylori)

Answer 41

T

Question 42

TAXONOMY T/F: The type strains of organisms are deposited in reference type culture collections such as ATCC and NTCC.

Answer 42

T