1st

Question 1

what is a double bond equivalent

Answer 1

number of molecules of H2 that must be added to:
- convert all pi bonds to single bonds
- to turn all cyclic structures acyclic
eg: to fully saturate the molecule

Question 2

what’s another name for double bond equivalence

Answer 2

degree of unsaturation

Question 3

double bond equivalence equation for majority

Answer 3

(2n + 2) + number of Hs // 2
n=number of carbons

Question 4

double bond equivalence equation with N

Answer 4

(2n + 3) - number of Hs // 2

Question 5

when should u draw Hs in a molecule

Answer 5

• in a mechanism
• acidity
• hydrogen nmr
• functional group

Question 6

neutral oxygen has

Answer 6

2 bonds
2 lone pairs

Question 7

oxygen with one bond

Answer 7

anion

Question 8

oxygen with 3 bonds

Answer 8

oxonium cation

Question 9

hydrogen is … valent

Answer 9

monovalent
- only forms 1 single bond

Question 10

nitrogen is … valent with …

Answer 10

trivalent!!
- with one lone pair of electrons

Question 11

nitrogen with 4 bonds

Answer 11

tetravalent cation

Question 12

nitrogen with 2 bonds

Answer 12

divalent anion
eg: after deprotonation

Question 13

more than 1 functional group!! how do we name the molecule

Answer 13

order functional groups alphabetically

Question 14

alcohol addition to name

Answer 14

ol

Question 15

amine addition to name

Answer 15

amine

Question 16

aldehyde addition to name

Answer 16

al

Question 17

ketone addition to name

Answer 17

one

Question 18

carboxylic acid addition to name

Answer 18

oic acid

Question 19

alkene addition to name

Answer 19

ene

Question 20

nitrile addition to name

Answer 20

nitrile

Question 21

alkyne addition to name

Answer 21

yne

Question 22

scroot for describing smt as primary

Answer 22

n!
- 1-lithiobutane
- n-butyllithium

Question 23

scroot for describing smt as secondary

Answer 23

sec/ s
- 2-lithiobutane
- sec-butyl-lithium

Question 24

scroot for naming smt tertiary

Answer 24

• tert/ t
• 2-lithio-2-methylpropane
• tert-butylithium

Question 25

constitutional isomers

Answer 25

same formula but atoms are connected differently

Question 26

iso

Answer 26

used when smt is bonded to the 2nd C in a Propyl group ( C3H7)

Question 27

iso example

Answer 27

propan-2-ol
isopropanol
OH bonded to 2nd C on propane

Question 28

toluene

Answer 28

methyl benzene
- methane attached to benzene ring

Question 29

group attached to toluene

Answer 29

we call toluene ‘benzyl’ group
eg: benzylamine

Question 30

oxidation state of CH4

Answer 30

+4 as the C has 4 bonds

Question 31

oxidation level

Answer 31

depends on how many bonds C has to a HETEROATOM

Question 32

HETEROATOM

Answer 32

anything but C or H

Question 33

C bonded to 1 heteroatom is has a …. oxidation level

Answer 33

alcohol oxidation level

Question 34

double bonds with HETEROATOMS count as

Answer 34

2 single bondsss

Question 35

C bonded to 2 HETEROATOMS has a … oxidation state

Answer 35

aldehyde oxidation state

eg: imines + acetals

Question 36

C bonded to 3 HETEROATOMS has a …. oxidation state

Answer 36

carboxylic acid oxidation state

Question 37

benzene is more stable than cyclohexane bccccc

Answer 37

it’s aromatic 🌸

Question 38

unlike cyclohexane, benzene isssss

Answer 38

flat 🚪

Question 39

why is benzene flat??

Answer 39

to allow resonance of the p orbitals 🔂

Question 40

what do u call benzene if there is another group bonded to it 🫣

Answer 40

phenyl group
Ph

Question 41

double bond equivalent value of double bond

Answer 41

1

Question 42

double bond equivalent value of triple bond

Answer 42

2

Question 43

double bond equivalent value of ring

Answer 43

1