7th

Question 1

carbocation

Answer 1

trivalent carbon
+ charge
unstable
sp2 hybridised
120*
observed in H + C nmr spec
reactive intermediate

Question 2

how are carbocations stabilised

Answer 2

they crave electron density
groups around them can donate some electron density
to it’s empty P orbital
to help stabilise it

Question 3

hyperconjugation

Answer 3

sigma bonds from CH
donate electron density
more CH bonds = more stable

Question 4

order of stability of carbocations

Answer 4

tertiary
secondary
primary
just Hs around it

Question 5

carbocations can also be stabilised using

Answer 5

conjugation
move the + charge to the end of the molecule??

Question 6

greater degree of resonance means

Answer 6

greater stability
more number of resonance structures
more stable the molecule becomes
due to less electron electron repulsion

Question 7

carbocations can also be stabilised by

Answer 7

lone pairs donating electron density
these groups that donated then would then get a + charge.

Question 9

more substituted alkenes form what type of carbanion

Answer 9

a less stable anion

less acidic

Question 10

as degree of unsaturation increases why does stability increase and acidity increase

Answer 10

higher degree of unsaturation = hybridisation
sp3 vs sp

sp has more s character and therefore is more stable : closer to nuc and therefore more stable : more acidic

Question 11

is an anion is more stable,, what does that mean about the h

Answer 11

it’s more acidic

Question 12

what form of stability makes a hydrogen more acidic due to making it more stable

Answer 12

more acidic = more stable

more acidic and stable bc it’s aromatic: flat, huckels rule, conjugated, cyclic

Question 13

more conjugation of the anion means

Answer 13

more stable
more acidic

Question 14

more electronegative atom near an anion means the anion is

Answer 14

more stable
less e- near it
more acidic