1st test Flashcards
the process by which an Indian was “redeemed” and assimilated into the American way of life by changing his clothing to western clothing and renouncing his tribal customs in exchange for a parcel of land
Americanization
an attempt to disarm a group of Lakota Sioux Indians near Wounded Knee, South Dakota, which resulted in members of the Seventh Cavalry of the U.S. Army opening fire and killing over 150 Indians
Battle of Wounded Knee:
large farms owned by speculators who hired laborers to work the land; these large farms allowed their owners to benefit from economies of scale and prosper, but they did nothing to help small family farms, which continued to struggle
Bonanza Farms
the period between 1848 and 1849 when prospectors found large strikes of gold in California, leading others to rush in and follow suit; this period led to a cycle of boom and bust through the area, as gold was discovered, mined, and stripped
the first significant silver find in the country, discovered by Henry T. P. Comstock in 1859 in Nevada
California Gold Rush
a term used to describe African Americans who moved to Kansas from the Old South to escape the racism there
this armed conflict between cowboys moving cattle along the trail and ranchers who wished to keep the best grazing lands for themselves occurred in Clay County, Texas, between 1883 and 1884
Exodusters
the Spanish name for White Caps, the rebel group of Hispanic Americans who fought back against the appropriation of Hispanic land by whites; for a period in 1889–1890, they burned farms, homes, and crops to express their growing anger at the injustice of the situation
Las Gorras Blancas
the phrase, coined by journalist John O’Sullivan, which came to stand for the idea that white Americans had a calling and a duty to seize and settle the American West with Protestant democratic values
Manifest Destiny
a militia raid led by Colonel Chivington on an Indian camp in Colorado, flying both the American flag and the white flag of surrender; over one hundred men, women, and children were killed
Sand Creek Massacre
a frontier home constructed of dirt held together by thick-rooted prairie grass that was prevalent in the Midwest; sod, cut into large rectangles, was stacked to make the walls of the structure, providing an inexpensive, yet damp, house for western settlers
Sod house
the rally and subsequent riot in which several policemen were killed when a bomb
was thrown at a peaceful workers rights rally in Chicago in 1866
Haymarket affair
a central corporate entity that controls the operations of multiple companies by
holding the majority of stock for each enterprise
holding company
method of growth wherein a company grows through mergers and acquisitions
of similar companies
horizontal integration
a secret organization made up of Pennsylvania coal miners, named for the famous Irish
patriot, which worked through a series of scare tactics to bring the plight of the miners to public attention
Molly Maguires
the ownership or control of all enterprises comprising an entire industry
monopoly
a negative term for the big businessmen who made their fortunes in the massive railroad
boom of the late nineteenth century
robber baron
mechanical engineer Fredrick Taylor’s management style, also called “stopwatch
management,” which divided manufacturing tasks into short, repetitive segments and encouraged
factory owners to seek efficiency and profitability over any benefits of personal interaction
scientific management
Herbert Spencer’s theory, based upon Charles Darwin’s scientific theory, which held
that society developed much like plant or animal life through a process of evolution in which the most fit
and capable enjoyed the greatest material and social success
social Darwinism
