4th test Flashcards
1
Q
The term Kennedy chose to describe his sealing
off of Cuba to prevent Soviet shipments of
weapons or supplies was ________.
A. interdiction
B. quarantine
C. isolation
D. blockade
A
B
2
Q
Kennedy proposed a constitutional amendment that would \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. provide healthcare for all Americans B. outlaw poll taxes C. make English the official language of the United States D. require all American men to register for the draft
A
B
3
Q
What steps did Kennedy take to combat
Communism?
A
- reduce poverty in developing nations so their citizens would be less attracted to Communism.
- demanded that the Soviet Union remove intermediaterange missiles from Cuba.
- increased support for anti-Communist government in South Vietnam and sent advisors and troops to train the South Vietnamese army.
4
Q
. ________ was Johnson’s program to provide
federal funding for healthcare for the poor.
A. Medicare
B. Social Security
C. Medicaid
D. AFDC
A
C
5
Q
Many Americans began to doubt that the war
in Vietnam could be won following ________.
A. Khe Sanh
B. Dien Bien Phu
C. the Tonkin Gulf incident
D. the Tet Offensive
A
D
6
Q
How did the actions of the Johnson
administration improve the lives of African
Americans?
A
- Great Society -Medicaid
- job training programs, -rent subsidies,
- Civil Rights Act of 1964,
- the Voting Rights Act of 1965,
- Civil Rights Act of 1968,
7
Q
The new protest tactic against segregation used
by students in Greensboro, North Carolina, in
1960 was the ________.
A. boycott
B. guerilla theater
C. teach-in
D. sit-in
A
D
8
Q
The African American group that advocated
the use of violence and espoused a Marxist
ideology was called ________.
A. the Black Panthers
B. the Nation of Islam
C. SNCC
D. CORE
A
A
9
Q
Who founded the Crusade for Justice in Denver, Colorado in 1965? A. Reies Lopez Tijerina B. Dolores Huerta C. Larry Itliong D. Rodolfo Gonzales
A
D
10
Q
How did the message of Black Power
advocates differ from that of more mainstream civil rights activists such as Martin Luther King, Jr.?
A
King and his followers strove for racial integration and the political inclusion of African Americans. They also urged for the use of nonviolent tactics to achieve their goals. Black Power advocates, in contrast, believed that African Americans should seek solutions without the aid of whites. Many also promoted black separatism and accepted the use of violence.
11
Q
What was one of the major student organizations engaged in organizing protests and demonstrations against the Vietnam War? A. Committee for American Democracy B. Freedom Now Party C. Students for a Democratic Society D. Young Americans for Peace
A
C
12
Q
Which of the following was not a founding
goal of NOW?
A. to gain for women all the rights enjoyed by
men
B. to ensure passage of the Equal Rights
Amendment
C. to de-criminalize the use of birth control
D. to allow women to participate in all aspects
of American life
A
C
13
Q
In what ways did the birth control pill help to
liberate women?
A
The freedom to control their reproduction
also allowed women more opportunity to pursue higher education and work for pay outside the home
14
Q
One of the original founders of AIM was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Patsy Mink B. Dennis Banks C. Jerry Rubin D. Glenn Weiser
A
B
15
Q
The Supreme Court’s 1973 decision in Roe v.
Wade established that ________.
A. abortions obtained during the first three
months of pregnancy were legal
B. witnesses were not required to corroborate
a charge of rape
C. marriage could not be abolished
D. homosexuality was a mental illness
A
A
16
Q
What kinds of values did hippies adopt?
A
- peace
- rejected traditional social values
- sought to live nonmaterialistic close to nature.
- used drugs recreationally and achieve spiritual insight.
17
Q
President Nixon took a bold diplomatic step in early 1972 when he \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. went to Vienna B. declared the Vietnam War over C. met with Chinese leaders in Beijing D. signed the Glasgow Accords
A
C
18
Q
The blue-collar workers who Nixon called “the
silent majority” ________.
A. fled to the suburbs to avoid integration
B. wanted to replace existing social
institutions with cooperatives
C. opposed the war in Vietnam
D. believed their opinions were overlooked in
the political process
A
D
19
Q
What caused the rifts in the Democratic Party
in the 1968 election?
A
-Democrats disliked that Hubert Humphrey won the Party’s nomination, even though he had done poorly in all the primaries.
In November, many who had supported antiwar candidates Eugene McCarthy and the late Robert Kennedy refused to vote.
-Others voted for segregationist George Wallace.
-Some working-class Dems voted for Richard Nixon.
20
Q
The demonstrations at Kent State University in
May 1970 were held to protest what event?
A. the My Lai massacre
B. the North Vietnamese invasion of Saigon
C. the invasion of Cambodia by U.S. forces
D. the signing of a peace agreement with North Vietnam
A
C
21
Q
Recognizing that ongoing protests and campus
violence reflected a sea change in public opinion
about the war, in 1971 Nixon ________.
A. repealed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
B. postponed the invasion of Cambodia
C. released the Pentagon Papers
D. covered up the My Lai massacre
A
A
22
Q
According to John Kerry, how did many U.S.
soldiers treat Vietnamese civilians?
A
- Soldiers raped, mutilated, shot at, and brutally murdered civilians.
- intentionally destroyed Vietnamese villages, well beyond the destruction typically wrought by war.
23
Q
The agreement Gerald Ford signed with the
leader of the Soviet Union that ended the
territorial issues remaining from World War II
was ________.
A. the Moscow Communiqué
B. the Beijing Treaty
C. the Iceland Protocol
D. the Helsinki Accords
A
D
24
Q
Of these figures, who was not indicted following the Watergate break-in and cover-up? A. John Mitchell B. Bob Woodward C. John Ehrlichman D. H.R. Haldeman
A
B
25
In what types of unethical and illegal
activities did the White House plumbers and the
“dirty tricks” squad engage?
-spied on Nixon’s political opponents and engineered ways to embarrass them.
-attempted to locate information with which to discredit Daniel Ellsberg by stealing files from the office of his psychiatrist
-broke into DNC headquarters in Watergate complex
with intention of wiretapping the phones.
26
```
During the 1976 election campaign, Jimmy
Carter famously promised ________.
A. that he would never start a war
B. that he would never be unfaithful to his
wife
C. that he had never smoked marijuana
D. that he would never lie
```
D
27
Carter deregulated several major American
industries in an effort to ensure that ________.
A. companies would become more
competitive
B. airlines would merge
C. oil prices would rise
D. consumers would start conserving energy
A
28
What were President Carter’s successes in the
| area of foreign policy?
- improved U.S. relations with China
- engaged in talks with the Soviet Union regarding limiting nuclear weapons.
- called attention to human rights abuses on the parts of foreign governments.
- helped Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat lay the groundwork for peace treaty between Israel and Egypt
29
a political ideology encouraging African Americans to create their own institutions and develop their own economic resources independent of whites
Black Power
30
a cultural movement among African Americans to encourage pride in their African heritage and to substitute African and African American art forms, behaviors, and cultural products for those of whites
Black Pride
31
an ideology that called upon African Americans to reject integration with the white community and, in some cases, to physically separate themselves from whites in order to create and preserve their self-determination
black separatism
32
a new military strategy under the Kennedy administration to suppress nationalist independence movements and rebel groups in the developing world
counterinsurgency
33
a military strategy that allows for the possibility of responding to threats in a variety of ways, including counterinsurgency, conventional war, and nuclear strikes
flexible response
34
Lyndon Johnson’s plan to eliminate poverty and racial injustice in the United States and to improve the lives of all Americans
Great Society
35
Kennedy’s use of ships to prevent Soviet access to Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis
naval quarantine
36
the political manifesto of Students for a Democratic Society that called for social reform, nonviolent protest, and greater participation in the democratic process by ordinary Americans
Port Huron Statement
37
the section of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that prohibited discrimination in employment on the basis of gender
Title VII
38
Lyndon Johnson’s plan to end poverty in the Unites States through the extension of federal benefits, job training programs, and funding for community development
war on poverty
39
Jimmy Carter’s declaration that efforts to interfere with American interests in the Middle East would be considered a act of aggression and be met with force if necessary
Carter Doctrine
40
a culture that develops in opposition to the dominant culture of a society
counterculture
41
the anonymous source, later revealed to be associate director of the FBI Mark Felt, who supplied reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein with information about White House involvement in the Watergate break-in
Deep Throat
42
conservative southern Democrats who opposed integration and the other goals of the African American civil rights movement
Dixiecrats
43
the relaxation of tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union
détente
44
the right of the U.S. president to refuse subpoenas requiring him to disclose private communications on the grounds that this might interfere with the functioning of the executive branch
executive privilege
45
political movements or actions intended to further the interests of a particular group membership, based on culture, race, ethnicity, religion, sex, gender, or sexual orientation
identity politics
46
government documents leaked to the New York Times that revealed the true nature of the conflict in Vietnam and turned many definitively against the war
Pentagon Papers
47
men used by the White House to spy on and sabotage President Nixon’s opponents and stop leaks to the press
plumbers
48
a majority whose political will is usually not heard—in this case, northern, white, blue collar voters
silent majority
49
a political strategy that called for appealing to southern whites by resisting calls for greater advancements in civil rights
southern strategy
50
high inflation combined with high unemployment and slow economic growth
stagflation
51
the Nixon administration’s policy of turning over responsibility for the defense of South Vietnam to Vietnamese forces
Vietnamization
52
the Youth International Party, a political party formed in 1967, which called for the establishment of a New Nation consisting of cooperative institutions that would replace those currently in existence
Yippies
53
a list of eight specific legislative reforms or initiatives that Republicans representatives promised to enact if they gained a majority in Congress in the 1994 midterm elections
Contract with America
54
the statistical differences between the voting preferences of women and men, with women favoring Democratic candidates
gender gap
55
a political party founded in 1984 that advocates environmentalism and grassroots democracy
Green Party
56
a professional organization conducting research and political advocacy on behalf of its values and perspectives
Heritage Foundation
57
a deadly immune deficiency disorder discovered in 1981, and at first largely ignored by politicians because of its prevalence among gay men
HIV/AIDS
58
a loose coalition of American conservatives, consisting primarily of wealthy business people and evangelical Christians, which developed in response to social changes of the 1960s and 1970s
New Right
59
the U.S. name of the war waged from January to April 1991, by coalition forces against Iraq in reaction to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in August 1990
Operation Desert Storm
60
Ronald Reagan’s economic policy, which suggested that lowering taxes on the upper income brackets would stimulate investment and economic growth
Reaganomics
61
a treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union that limited the number of nuclear warheads, ballistic missiles, and strategic bombers held by both sides
START
62
reluctance on the part of American politicians to actively engage U.S. forces in a foreign war for fear of suffering a humiliating defeat
Vietnam Syndrome
63
a nationwide political campaign to implement harsh sentences for drug crimes, which produced an explosive growth of the prison population
war on drugs
64
```
Before becoming a conservative Republican,
Ronald Reagan was ________.
A. a liberal Democrat
B. a Socialist
C. politically apathetic
D. a Herbert Hoover Republican
```
A
65
The belief that cutting taxes for the rich will
eventually result in economic benefits for the poor
is commonly referred to as ________.
A. socialism
B. pork barrel politics
C. Keynesian economics
D. trickle-down economics
D
66
What were the elements of Ronald Reagan’s
| plan for economic reform?
- cut taxes for wealthy in the hope that these taxpayers would then invest their surplus money in business
- would reduce unemployment.
- raise interest rates to curb inflation, cut federal spending on social programs, and deregulate industry. -hoped—but ultimately failed—to balance the federal budget.
67
```
Which statement best describes Reagan’s
political style?
A. folksy and likeable
B. conservative and inflexible
C. liberal and pragmatic
D. intelligent and elitist
```
A
68
What rationale did Phyllis Schlafly and her
STOP ERA movement cite when opposing the
ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment?
A. the ERA would ultimately lead to the
legalization of abortion
B. the ERA provided insufficient civil rights
protections for women
C. mothers could not be feminists
D. the ERA would end gender-specific
privileges women enjoyed
D
69
What were some of the primary values of the
| Moral Majority?
-Jerry Falwell’s Moral Majority believed country was
drifting ever further toward immorality cause legalization of abortion, the feminist movement, and sex education in public schools.
70
```
The group the Reagan administration
encouraged and supported in its fight against the
Sandinista government in Nicaragua was known
as the ________.
A. anti-Somozas
B. Shining Path
C. Contras
D. Red Faction
```
C
71
The country that Iraq invaded to trigger the
crisis that resulted in the Persian Gulf War was
________.
A. Jordan
B. Kuwait
C. Saudi Arabia
D. Iran
B
72
What was the Iran-Contra affair about?
Congress ended support for Nicaraguan Contras, Reagan sought other sources of funding for them. Lt. Col. Oliver North oversaw plan by which arms would be sold to Iran and the money received from the sales would be sent to fund the Contras.
73
Bill Clinton helped create a large free market
among Canada, the United States, and Mexico
with ratification of the ________ treaty.
A. NAFTA
B. NATO
C. Organization of American States
D. Alliance for Progress
A
74
The key state in the 2000 election where the
U.S. Supreme Court stopped a recount of votes
was ________.
A. Florida
B. Texas
C. Georgia
D. Virginia
A
75
What were some of the foreign policy
| successes of the Clinton administration?
- peace talks between Israel and the Palestinians, and between Israel and Jordan.
- airstrikes that helped to end Serbian aggression in the region of Kosovo and the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
76
a militant Islamist group originally founded by Osama bin Laden
al-Qaeda
77
young people who must return to their parents’ home in order to make ends meet
boomerang generation
78
the belief that the United States has the right to protect itself from terrorist acts by engaging in pre-emptive wars or ousting hostile governments in favor of friendly, preferably democratic, regimes
Bush Doctrine
79
elementary and secondary schools that, although funded by taxpayer money, are allowed to operate independently from some rules and regulations governing public schools
charter schools
80
a civil status offered to gay and lesbian couples with the goal of securing the main privileges of marriage without granting them equal status in marriage
civil unions
81
financial instruments that pay buyers even if a purchased loan defaults; a form of insurance for risky loans
credit default swaps
82
the economic recession that began in 2008, following the collapse of the housing boom, and was driven by risky and misleading subprime mortgages and a deregulated bond market
Great Recession
83
gases in the earth’s atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, that trap heat and prevent it from radiating into space
greenhouse gases
84
an international agreement establishing regulations designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by the world’s industrialized nations
Kyoto Protocol
85
the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Obamacare
86
a type of mortgage offered to borrowers with lower credit ratings; subprime loans feature interest rates that are higher (often adjustable) than conventional mortgages to compensate the bank for the increased risk of default
subprime mortgage
87
a fundamentalist Muslim group that ruled Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001
Taliban
88
a conservative movement focused primarily on limiting government spending and the size of the federal government
Tea Party
89
weapons of mass destruction; a class of weapons capable of inflicting massive causalities and physical destruction, such as nuclear bombs or biological and chemical weapons
WMDs
90
The prison operated by the U.S. military for the
detention and interrogation of terrorist suspects
and “enemy combatants” is located at ________.
A. Kuwait City, Kuwait
B. Riker’s Island, New York
C. Guantanamo Bay, Cuba
D. Lahore, Pakistan
C
91
```
Unwarranted wiretapping in the United States
was conducted by ________.
A. the FBI
B. the CIA
C. the New York Times
D. the NSA
```
D
92
In what ways did the U.S. government attempt to deny the rights of prisoners taken in Afghanistan and Iraq?
- denied the rights of prisoners captured in Afghanistan and Iraq by imprisoning and interrogating them outside of US, where they were not protected by U.S. law.
- classified as “unlawful combatants,” not entitled to protections of the Geneva Conventions.
93
What investment banking firm went bankrupt
in 2008, signaling the beginning of a major
economic crisis?
A. CitiBank
B. Wells Fargo
C. Lehman Brothers
D. Price Waterhouse
C
94
```
A subprime mortgage is ________.
A. a high-risk, high-interest loan
B. a federal bailout for major banks
C. a form of insurance on investments
D. a form of political capital
```
A
95
What are the pros and cons of school
| vouchers?
-enables students to pay to attend better-performing
charter or private schools.
-school vouchers take money and good students away from public schools, making it more difficult for those schools to improve.
96
A popular Mexican American studies program
was banned by the state of ________, which
accused it of causing resentment of white people.
A. New Mexico
B. California
C. Arizona
D. Texas
C
97
```
The first state to allow same-sex marriage was
________.
A. Massachusetts
B. New York
C. California
D. Pennsylvania
```
A
98
What was the result of the Bush administration’s unwillingness to recognize that climate change is being accelerated by human activity?
- refused to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, and, US has not been required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
- climate scientists have experienced interference with their work. For critics of climate change, this hampering of scientific research and consensus has provided further evidence of the lack of agreed-upon conclusions about climate change.
99
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled the Defense of
Marriage Act unconstitutional in ________.
A. 2007
B. 2009
C. 2013
D. 2014
C
100
Which of the following is not a goal of
Obamacare (the Patient Protection and Affordable
Care Act)?
A. to provide all Americans with access to
affordable health insurance
B. to require that everyone in the United
States acquire some form of health
insurance
C. to lower the costs of healthcare
D. to increase employment in the healthcare
industry
D
101
What has Barack Obama done to make college education more accessible?
- increasing amount of money students can receive under the federally funded Pell Grant Program
- worked out a compromise with Congress in 2013 that lowered interest rates charged on student loans.
