2 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are chloroplasts and where are they found?
Chloroplasts are found in all green parts of the plant and contain chlorophyll.
What is the function of chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll absorbs light so the plant can make food by photosynthesis.
Why do root hair cells not have chloroplasts?
Root hair cells do not have chloroplasts because they are underground and do not photosynthesize.
What is a permanent vacuole?
A permanent vacuole is a space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap, important for keeping cells rigid to support the plant.
List the features of animal cells.
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
What additional structures do plant and algae cells have compared to animal cells?
- Cellulose cell wall
- Chloroplasts (in some plants)
- Permanent vacuole (in some plants)
What type of cells are animal and plant cells?
Eukaryotic cells.
What are the common components of eukaryotic cells?
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Genetic material enclosed in the nucleus
What is DNA and what structure does it form?
DNA is a chemical that forms a structure called chromosomes.
What are prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes are bacterial cells and are single-celled living organisms.
Can individual bacteria be seen without a microscope?
No, individual bacteria cannot be seen without a powerful microscope.
What do bacterial cell walls not contain?
Bacterial cell walls do not contain cellulose.
How is the genetic material of bacterial cells structured?
The genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus and forms a single DNA loop found free in the cytoplasm.
What are plasmids?
Plasmids are extra small rings of DNA that may be present in prokaryotic cells.
What is a protective slime capsule?
A protective slime capsule is found around the outside of some bacterial cell walls.
What is a flagellum?
A flagellum is a long protein that bacteria use to move around.
Do most bacteria have an effect on other organisms?
Many bacteria have little or no effect on other organisms and many are very useful.
What do eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells do not?
Eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus that encloses genetic material.
What surrounds prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells consist of cytoplasm and cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall.
What happens when cells differentiate?
Cells differentiate to form specific types of cells with particular functions.
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells have a _______.
[distinct nucleus]
Fill in the blank: Bacteria are all _______.
[prokaryotes]
