4 Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is the primary function of root hair cells?
To take up water and mineral ions more efficiently
Root hair cells are often located close to the xylem tissue.
How do root hair cells increase their efficiency in water uptake?
By greatly increasing the surface area available for water movement
This adaptation allows more water to enter the cell.
What role does the large permanent vacuole play in root hair cells?
Speeds up the movement of water by osmosis from the soil
This helps maintain turgor pressure in the cells.
What is the function of mitochondria in root hair cells?
To transfer the energy needed for the active transport of mineral ions
Active transport is crucial for nutrient uptake.
What do photosynthetic cells contain that is essential for photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts containing chlorophyll
Chlorophyll traps light energy needed for the process.
Where are photosynthetic cells usually positioned in plants?
In continuous layers in the leaves and outer layer of the stem
This positioning maximizes light absorption.
What is the role of the large permanent vacuole in photosynthetic cells?
Helps keep the cell rigid as a result of osmosis
This rigidity supports the overall structure of the plant.
What is the primary function of xylem cells?
To carry water and mineral ions from the roots to the highest leaves
Xylem is essential for plant hydration and nutrient transport.
What happens to xylem cells as they mature?
They die and form long hollow tubes
This allows for efficient water and mineral ion movement.
What is lignin and its role in xylem cells?
A special chemical that builds up in spirals in the cell walls
Lignin strengthens the xylem and helps withstand water pressure.
What is diffusion?
The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration
It is a passive movement process.
How does temperature affect diffusion?
An increase in temperature speeds up the movement of particles
Higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of particles.
What is the function of phloem cells?
To carry the food made by photosynthesis around the body of the plant
Phloem transports dissolved food to where it is needed.
What are sieve plates in phloem cells?
Special structures that allow water carrying dissolved food to move freely
Sieve plates facilitate the transport of nutrients.
How do phloem cells maintain their function despite losing internal structures?
They are supported by companion cells
Companion cells provide energy for nutrient transport.
True or False: Specialized plant cells may function within tissues, organs, organ systems, or whole organisms.
True
This specialization allows for efficient functioning in various biological contexts.
