2 Flashcards by Bspharm 2025

What enzyme is seen in the liver and pancreas, is
active only at high concentrations of glucose (high Km) i.e. after a meal, catalyzes phosphorylation of glucose?

a. Hexokinase
b. Galactokinase
c. UDP-Glucotransferase
d. Glucokinase

d. Glucokinase

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Glycolysis can occur in anaerobic conditions.

True

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When glucose is catabolized via glycolysis in an
oxygen poor environment, lactate is formed by
reduction of what substance?

a. 1,3-BPG
b. G3P
c. Pyruvate
d. Fructose

c. Pyruvate

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What cell is obligated to perform glycolysis?
(Cannot survive except via glucose catabolism)

a. Hepatocyte
b. Muscle fiber
c. Adipocyte
d. Erythrocyte

d. Erythrocyte

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What enzyme links glycolysis to the Kreb’s Cycle?

a. Hexokinase
b. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
c. PEP Carboxy-kinase
d. Phosphoglucomutase

b. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

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Where dose the Krebs cycle occur?

a. Cytosol
b. Nucleoplasm
c. Mitochondrial matrix
d. Outer mitochondrial membrane

c. Mitochondrial matrix

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When glucose is oxidized in an environment
without molecular oxygen, how much ATP is
produced per molecule of glucose?

a. 2
b. 32
c. 12
d. 42

a. 2

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Which agent can be used to treat cellular asphyxia from poisoning with undercooked Mannihot esculenta?

a. Arsenic trioxide
b. Sodium bicarbonate
c. Sodium thiosulfate
d. Folinic acid

c. Sodium thiosulfate

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What principle utilizes proximity of inorganic
phosphate with adenosine diphosphate to produce ATP?

a. Chemiosmosis
b. Electrochemical gradient
c. Rotational catalysis
d. Pyrolysis

c. Rotational catalysis

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What sugar is found in red grapes?

a. Dextrose
b. Levulose
c. Mannose
d. Arabinose

a. Dextrose

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A white powder is dissolved in water. And a drop of Lugol’s solution turned the mixture into violet.
Choose a plant that can yield this white powder
when processed.

a. Rice
b. Mango
c. Broccoli
d. Cabbage

a. Rice

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Utilizes alpha-naphthol for detection of
carbohydrates

a. Benedict’s T est
b. Barfoed’s Reaction
c. Lieberman-Burchard
d. Molisch T est

d. Molisch T est

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Okazaki fragments are found in the

a. Leading strand
b. Lagging strand
c. Excised strands of topoisomerase
d. Coiled genome in histones

b. Lagging strand

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What does the unwinding of a segment of genome by DNA helicase produce in the edges of the replicative bubble?

a. Undercoiling
b. Mutation
c. Deletion
d. Supercoiling

d. Supercoiling

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Which is the initial substance utilized for
steroidogenesis?

a. Pyruvate
b. Glucose
c. Succinyl-CoA
d. Acetyl-CoA

d. Acetyl-CoA

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What enzyme allows reverse transport by HDL of
peripheral cholesterol in an LDL molecule?

a. Fatty acid elongase
b. 3-hydroxysterol dehydrogenase
c. Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase
d. Cholesteryl Ester Transport Protein

d. Cholesteryl Ester Transport Protein

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What is the rate-limiting step in
cholesterologenesis?

a. Oxidation of lanosterol
b. Formation of Butyrate
c. Reduction of hydroxylated and methylated
Glutaryl-CoA
d. Oxidation of HMG-CoA

c. Reduction of hydroxylated and methylated
Glutaryl-CoA

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These are termed as biologic catalysis

a. Proteins
b. Enzymes
c. Isomers
d. Polymorphs

b. Enzymes

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What metabolic pathway is central to utilization and disposition of carbohydrates?

a. Glycolysis
b. Glycogenolysis
c. Hexose Monophosphate Shunt
d. Pyruvate dehydrogenase

a. Glycolysis

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All enzymes are proteins and are composed of
amino acid except ribozymes which may contain

a. mRNA
b. tRNA
c. rRNA
d. DNA

c. rRNA

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These are inorganic substances needed by
apoenzymes in order to facilitate a chemical
reaction

a. Cofactor
b. Coenzyme
c. Holoenzyme
d. Holocaust

a. Cofactor

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This enzyme creates cAMP from ATP

a. Phosphodiesterase
b. ATP synthase
c. Kinase
d. Adenylyl cyclase

d. Adenylyl cyclase

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Fatty acids generally are long chain

a. Carboxylic acid
b. Ketones
c. Aldehydes
d. Alcohol dehydrogenase

a. Carboxylic acid

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Acetoacetate and B-hydroxybutyrate are alternative sources of fuel for biologic oxidation when glucose is deprived. They are

a. Carboxylic acid
b. Ketones
c. Aldehydes
d. Alcohols

b. Ketones

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The reactive group present in aldehyde, ketones and carboxylic acids is: a. Carboxyl b. Hydroxyl c. Carbonyl d. Amino

c. Carbonyl

Palmitic acid is a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid. What element is referring to as saturating? a. Hydrogen b. Carbon c. Oxygen d. Nitrogen

a. Hydrogen

This organ produces bile from cholesterol a. Small intestines b. Gallbladder c. Esophagus d. Liver

d. Liver

Aside from the liver, most of glycogen is stored in: a. Fat cells b. Plasma c. Skeletal muscle d. Bones

c. Skeletal muscle

N-acetylglucoseamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid are arranged alternately in a. Chitin b. Peptidoglycan c. Pseudomurein d. Lipid A

b. Peptidoglycan

The hormone that positively influences the glycolytic pathway is a. Epinephrine b. Glucagon c. Insulin d. Growth hormone

c. Insulin

This substance is acted upon by hexokinase to form Glucose-6-phosphate a. Glucose b. Fructose c. Maltose d. Sucrose

a. Glucose

This 3-carbon compound undergoes oxidative decarboxylation to form Acetyl CoA which can be used in the Krebs cycle a. Butyric acid b. Pyruvate c. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate d. Acetoacetate

b. Pyruvate

This polypeptide protein acts as the starting point of glycogenesis. a. albumin b. collagen c. glycogenin d. glycocollagen

c. glycogenin

This glycogen storage disease is the result of Glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency. Thus, glycogen cannot be broken down and accumulates in the liver and kidneys. a. Pompe’s disease b. Von Gierke’s disease c. Andersen Disease d. Hers disease

b. Von Gierke’s disease

This gluconeogenic enzyme bypasses glycolysis by producing PEP . a. Pyruvate dehydrogenase b. Thiolase c. PEP Carboxykinase d. Phosphatase

c. PEP Carboxykinase

NADPH is used as a hydrogen donor in a. Lipolysis b. Lipogenesis c. Glycolysis d. Krebs cycle

b. Lipogenesis

When phosphatidate is esterified with choline, the resulting derived lipid is called a. cephalin b. myelin c. cardiolipin d. lecithin

d. lecithin

The basic unit of a sphingolipid is a structure of phosphatidate and nitrogen containing sphingosine known as a. Myelin b. Triglyceride c. Ceramide d. Globoside

c. Ceramide

Sphingolipids almost always occur as a combination with a sugar or polar group. When this side chain is a monosaccharide, the sphingolipid is called a. Cerebroside b. Globoside c. Sphingomyelin d. Cephaline

a. Cerebroside

The lipid sphingomyelin forms the myelin sheaths of axons which are insulators and force the action potential to jump causing faster impulse transmission. Myelin is formed in a. Shneider cells b. Schwann cells c. Sarpa cells d. Mones cells

b. Schwann cells

The enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids to create diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate which acts as secondary messengers is a. Phospholipase A b. Phospholipase B c. Phospholipase C d. Phospholipase D

c. Phospholipase C

Lysa eats a lot of avocados. Avocados rich in monounsaturated fatty acids which can be burned for fuel. The amount of kilocalories supplied by a gram of fat is a. 4 kcal b. 6 kCal c. 9 kCal d. 10 kCal

Knowing that one molecule of NADH yields 2.5 ATP and one molecule of FADH2 yields 1.5 ATP as they are processed in the respiratory chain, determine the number of ATP molecules procuded by palmitate. a. 200 b. 180 c. 106 d. 108

c. 106

The transporter necessary for the catabolism of fatty acids inside the mitochondria is a. Lycopene palmitate transferase b. Carnitine myristate transferase c. Carnitine palmitate transferase d. Caffeine palmitate transferase

c. Carnitine palmitate transferase

This lipid product functions as autocrine and paracrine cytokines. It is synthesized using the cyclooxygenase enzyme a. eicosanoids b. tumor necrosis factor c. interleukin d. interferon

a. eicosanoids

This lipid product increases the tendency of platelets to form a plug. a. Prostacyclin b. Prostaglandin c. Thromboxane d. cAMP

c. Thromboxane

Lipid droplets form a micelle like particle in conjunction with an apolipoprotein produced in the intestines in a structure called a. Chylomicrons b. Very Low density lipoprotein c. Low density lipoprotein d. Intermediate density lipoprotein

a. Chylomicrons

The richest component of a Very Low Density Lipoprotein is a. Triglycerides b. Phospholipids c. Fatty acid d. Cholesterol

a. Triglycerides

Which of the following is not a monosaccharide? I. Sedoheptulose II. Sialic acid III. Cellulose a. All choices are not monosaccharides b. Only two choices are not monosaccharides c. Only one choice is not a monosaccharide d. All choices are monosaccharides

c. Only one choice is not a monosaccharide

Glycogen storage disease in which muscle phosphofructokinase enzyme is deficient a. Cori b. Von Gierke c. Anderson d. T arui

d. T arui

This disease is characterized by the absence of peroxisomes in all tissues. They accumulate C26-C38 polyenoic acids in the brain, liver, and kidney. Patients die within a year of birth. a. Refsum’s disease b. Zellweger syndrome c. Fatty liver d. CPT deficiency

b. Zellweger syndrome

This lipoprotein helps regulate extrahepatic cholesterol by esterifying it with an acyl from lecithin which it contains in its peripheral particle space. a. Chylomicrons b. Very Low density lipoprotein c. Low density lipoprotein d. High density lipoprotein

d. High density lipoprotein

The following are true about ergot I. Claviceps purpurea - parasitic source Il. Claviceps paspali - saprophytic source Ill. Ergonovine - treatment for migraine IV. Ergotamine - oxytocic a. I & II b. III & IV c. I,II & III d. I,II, & IV

a. I & II

Acetylation of morphine will yield: a. Hydromorphone b. Codeine c. Heroin d. Thebaine

c. Heroin

Osazones which are cotton ball-shaped is associated with what sugar? a. Maltose b. Lactose c. Sucrose d. Glucose

b. Lactose

Natural camphor is dextrorotatory. Synthetic camphor is levorototatory. a. Only the first statement is correct b. Only the second statement is correct c. Both statements are correct d. Both statements are incorrect

a. Only the first statement is correct

Which of the following alkaloids is classified as an anthelmintic in veterinary practice? a. Lobeline b. Nicotine c. Arecoline d. Scopolamine

c. Arecoline

Esters of long chain fatty acids with alcohol a. Fixed oils b. Fats c. Lipids d. Waxes

c. Lipids

Important volatile oils containing ketones, except: a. Mentha spicata b. Carum carvi c. Prunus amygdalus d. Barosma betulina

c. Prunus amygdalus

Main constituent/s present in toothache drops: I. Menthol II. Eugenol III. Sorbic acid a. All choices are correct b. Two choices are correct c. Only one choice is correct d. All choices are incorrect

c. Only one choice is correct

High molecular weight microbial gum consists of partially acetylated polysaccharides. a. Ghatti gum b. Karaya gum c. Xanthan gum d. Egyptian gum

c. Xanthan gum

Which of the following is/are classified as cardiac glycosides? I. Ouabain II. Shatavarin III. Esculin a. I only b. III only c. I, II d. II, III

a. I only

The type of alkaloid in which the nitrogen atom is derived from an amino acid and is not a part of the heterocyclic structure. a. True alkaloid b. Protoalkaloid c. Pseudoalkaloid d. Non-heterocyclic alkaloid

b. Protoalkaloid

Which among the alkaloid-related plant source has a constituent which can be used in the management of strychnine poisoning tetanus? a. Physostigma venenosum b. Rauwolfia serpentina c. Strychnos castelnei d. Pilocarpus jaborandi

c. Strychnos castelnei

Ergot alkaloids are useful as antimigraine and oxytocic agents but they can also possess toxicity which can manifest into: a. Tinnitus b. Gangrene c. Contact dermatitis d. Cholinergic crisis

b. Gangrene

Which of the following carbohydrate-related product is derived from reduction reaction? a. Mucic acid b. Galactitol c. Osazone d. Glycolonitrile

b. Galactitol

Piperaceae family primarily has what type of secondary secretory structure which is primarily responsible for the generation of volatile constituents? a. Glandular hairs b. Vittae c. Modified parenchymal cells d. Schizogenous passages

c. Modified parenchymal cells

Which of the following is an example of a liquid hydrocarbon portion of a volatile oil? a. Menthol b. Thymol c. Anethole d. Eucalyptol

d. Eucalyptol

The widely popular citronella and clove are known to contain volatile oils which are rich in constituents belonging to: a. Aldehyde and phenol b. Phenolic ether and alcohol c. Hydrocarbon and ketone d. Oxide and ester

a. Aldehyde and phenol

Capsaicin and curcumin classified as: a. Oleogumresin b. Gum resin c. Resin d. Oleoresin

d. Oleoresin

Used to test olive for tea tree oil or camellia oil a. Halphen b. Baudouin c. Millon d. Serger

c. Millon

Which of the following plant constituents are biosynthesized via Shikimic acid pathway? I. Quinine II. Diosgenin III. Sennoside IV. T erpineol a. I,II b. III,IV c. I,III d. II,IV

a. I,II

The following statements are true about the mevalonic acid pathway, except: a. It is found in both plants and animals b. The mevalonic acid pathway occurs in the plastids of plant cells c. The rate-limiting step is catalyzed by HMG-CoA reductase d. The pathway produces 2 important isoprene units called IPP and DMAPP

b. The mevalonic acid pathway occurs in the plastids of plant cells

It is a pharmaceutical acid in compound benzoin tincture and commonly employed as a cathartic. Evaluate the following statements: I. Pseudotannins give positive results with goldbeater’s skin test II. T annins are mixtures of polyphenols that do not crystallize III. T annins are compound of low molecular weight IV. Complex tannins are combinations of hydrolyzable and condensed tannins. a. All statements are correct b. Three statements are correct c. Two statements are correct Only one statement is correct

c. Two statements are correct

Which of the following compounds are biosynthesized via the mevalonate pathway? I. Ouabagenin II. Stigmasterol III. Geranial IV. Artemisinin a. I,II,III b. I,III,IV c. II,III,IV d. I,II,III,IV

d. I,II,III,IV

Synthesized in the leaves and they accumulate in relatively large quantities in the immature seeds and fruits of some plants. The growth effect of this hormone arises by cell elongation in the subapical meristem region where young intermodes are developing. a. Auxin b. Gibberellins c. Cytokinins d. Abscisic acid

b. Gibberellins

Preferred method of classification of drugs in pharmacognosy. a. By morphology b. By taxonomy c. By therapeutic application d. By chemical constituents

d. By chemical constituents

Drying oil: a. Linum usitatissimum b. Gossypium hirsutum c. Sesamum indicum d. Olea europea

a. Linum usitatissimum

Refer to the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the acid combined by acylation of the sample. a. Acetyl value b. Peroxide value c. Ester value d. Hydroxyl value

d. Hydroxyl value

CH3(CH2)12COOH: a. Myristic acid b. Stearic acid c. Lauric acid d. Capric acid

a. Myristic acid

Carotenoids which is responsible for the plethora of nature’s yellow, orange, red and purple colors is classified as: a. Tetraterpenoids b. Diterpenoids c. Sesterterpenoids d. Triterpenoids

a. Tetraterpenoids

Plants such as Hamamelis virginiana, Uncaria gambir, and Quecus infectoria are known to contain agents which are useful as: a. Diuretic b. Anti-motion sickness c. Astringent d. Cathartic

c. Astringent

This is a differentiating test for sugars that have a ketone group and aldehyde group. a. Resorcinol HCl test b. Bial orcinol test c. Barfoed’s test d. Molisch’s test

a. Resorcinol HCl test

Which of the following is not present in omega-3 fatty acid? a. Alpha linolenic acid b. Arachidonic acid c. Eicosapentaenoic acid d. Docosahexaenoic acid

b. Arachidonic acid

The alkaloid which can be used in the management of gout is classified as: a. Imidazole b. Quinoline c. Indole d. Alkaloidal amine

d. Alkaloidal amine

Which of the following constituent cannot decrease blood pressure? a. Reserpine b. Veratridine c. Ephedrine d. Aconitine

c. Ephedrine

Most indole and quinoline alkaloids are derived from what precursor? a. L-tryptophan b. L-ornithine c. L-tyrosine d. Pyruvic acid

a. L-tryptophan

Glucosinolates which are nutraceutically known to reduce cancer risk is associated to what group of glycosides? a. Flavonoid glycoside b. Coumarin glycoside c. Isothiocyanate glycoside d. Phenol glycoside

c. Isothiocyanate glycoside

All these substances contain caffeine, except: a. Coffee b. Tea c. Coca d. Cola

c. Coca

The pharmaceutic acid in the preparation of collodion and flexible collodion. a. Methylcellulose phthalate b. Soluble guncotton c. Powdered cellulose d. Lactic acid

b. Soluble guncotton

A test to determine the presence of deoxy sugars a. Keller-Killiani test b. Fehling’s test c. Salkowski test d. Liebermann-Burchard test

a. Keller-Killiani test

Peppermint and spearmint oils are obtained via: a. Water distillation b. Water and steam distillation c. Steam distillation d. Destructive distillation

c. Steam distillation

The Guignard’s test is used to determine the presences of: a. Lactone glycosides b. Cyanophore glycosides c. Isothiocyanate glycosides d. Anthraquinone glycosides

b. Cyanophore glycosides

The following may not influence secondary metabolite production, except: I. Genetic factors II. Ontogenic factors III. Environmental factors IV. Age a. IV only b. I,IV c. I,II,III d. I,II,III,IV

d. I,II,III,IV

The botanical source of the hexahydric alcohol which is used in the management of intracranial pressure in cases of cerebral edema? a. Fraxinus ornus b. Sorbus aucuparia c. Leuconostoc mesenteroides d. Chicorum intybus

a. Fraxinus ornus

The aromatic amino acid tryptophan originates from _____ during Shikimic acid pathway. a. Prephenic acid b. Anthranilic acid c. Chorismic acid d. Neuraminic acid

b. Anthranilic acid

This is used for the symptomatic treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. a. Safflower oil b. Sunflower oil c. Saw palmetto oil d. Persic oil

c. Saw palmetto oil

The green pigment of the plant can be extracted by what solvent: a. Acetone b. Acetic acid c. Alcohol d. Dilute acid

a. Acetone

2 Flashcards

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