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DRILLS Flashcards

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1
Q

The primary component of Balsam of Peru
responsible for its antiseptic property is:

Cinnamic acid
Benzoic acid
Toluene
Eugenol
Vanillin

A

Cinnamic acid

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2
Q

The only balsam that does not contain
cinnamic acid is:

Balsam of Tolu
Benzoin
Storax
Balsam of Peru
Copaiba

A

Copaiba

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3
Q

A diterpenoid used in chemotherapy is:

Menthol
Linalool
Taxol
Camphor
Carvone

A

Taxol

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4
Q

Which of the following is a monoterpene?

Squalene
Digitoxin
Limonene
Lycopene
Carotene

A

Limonene

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5
Q

Which of the following is a natural source
of atropine?

Digitalis purpurea
Atropa belladonna
Papaver somniferum
Camellia sinensis
Theobroma cacao

A

Atropa belladonna

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6
Q

The primary flavonoid in citrus fruits is:

Hesperidin
Quercetin
Kaempferol
Apigenin
Rutin

A

Hesperidin

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7
Q

The main psychoactive compound in
peyote cactus is:

Morphine
Ephedrine
Strychnine
Mescaline
Ergotamine

A

Mescaline

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8
Q

Which flavonoid is known for its estrogenic
activity?

Rutin
Cyanidin
Genistein
Luteolin
Catechin

A

Genistein

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9
Q

Which saponin is used as an expectorant?

Diosgenin
Escin
Glycyrrhizin
Quillaia saponin
Sennoside A

A

Glycyrrhizin

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10
Q

The most common source of diosgenin for
steroid synthesis is:

Ginseng
Glycyrrhiza
Senna
Dioscorea
Quillaia

A

Dioscorea

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11
Q

Which test is used to detect tannins?

Bornträger’s test
Wagner’s test
Fehling’s test
Molisch’s test
Ferric chloride test

A

Ferric chloride test

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12
Q

Clove oil contains which major bioactive
compound?

Anethole
Menthol
Thymol
Limonene
Eugenol

A

Eugenol

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13
Q

Which type of lipid is the primary component of biological membranes?

Triglycerides
Glycolipids
Waxes
Phospholipids
Steroids

A

Phospholipids

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14
Q

The most abundant sterol in human cell
membranes is:

Cholesterol
Lanosterol
Ergosterol
Stigmasterol
Campesterol

A

Cholesterol

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15
Q

Which of the following is a conjugated
protein?

Casein
Pepsin
Trypsin
Albumin
Hemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin

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16
Q

The enzyme responsible for converting
fibrinogen to fibrin is:

Trypsin
Thrombin
Lipase
Pepsin
Amylase

A

Thrombin

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17
Q

The cardiotonic glycoside found in Digitalis
purpurea is:

Digoxin
Diosgenin
Ouabain
Sennoside A
Strophanthin

A

Digoxin

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18
Q

The primary source of vincristine, an
anticancer alkaloid, is:

Cinchona officinalis
Rauwolfia serpentina
Podophyllum peltatum
Taxus brevifolia
Catharanthus roseus

A

Catharanthus roseus

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19
Q

Which flavonoid is responsible for the
“French Paradox” contributing to heart
health benefits in red wine?

Catechin
Luteolin
Rutin
Quercetin
Resveratrol

20
Q

The bioactive coumarin found in sweet
clover (Melilotus officinalis) that can lead
to anticoagulation is:

Scopoletin
Coumarin
Bergapten
Warfarin
Psoralen

21
Q

Which steroid glycoside is responsible for
the sweetness of licorice?

Diosgenin
Escin
Glycyrrhizin
Ginsenoside
Sennoside

22
Q

Which resin is commonly used in perfumes
and has a vanilla-like odor?

Cannabis
Jalap
Copaiba
Turpentine
Benzoin

23
Q

Which of the following mRNA sequences
would result from the transcription of this
DNA template strand: 5’-TACGGTACC-3’?

5’-TACGGTACC-3’
3’-TACGGTACC-5’
3’-AUGCCAUGG-5’
5’-AUGCCAUGG-3’

Study These Flashcards
A

3’-AUGCCAUGG-5’

24
Q

Modified TRUE/FALSE:
1. Translation begins at the AUG start codon.
2. Translation terminates at a stop codon such as UGA.

Only the second statement is true.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
Only the first statement is true.

Study These Flashcards
A

Both statements are true.

25
In a DNA sample, 30% of the bases are adenine. What percentage of the bases are guanine? 0.3 20% 0.4 0.5
20%
26
The nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids are linked by: Phosphodiester bonds Peptide bonds Glycosidic bonds Hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds
27
Which of the following correctly describes the Central Dogma? DNA → Protein → RNA DNA → RNA → Protein Protein → RNA → DNA RNA → DNA → Protein
DNA → RNA → Protein
28
During a PCR reaction, which step involves the separation of DNA strands? Elongation Annealing Extension Denaturation
Denaturation
29
What is the primary structural feature of DNA described in the Watson and Crick model? Linear RNA-DNA hybrid strand Single-stranded, circular structure Parallel-stranded DNA Antiparallel double helix Triple helix structure
Antiparallel double helix
30
What is the effect of increasing temperature on DNA structure? DNA polymerase activity increases DNA strands denature and separate DNA strands form more hydrogen bonds DNA becomes more stable DNA strands coil tighter
DNA strands denature and separate
31
At which step do primers bind to the DNA template in PCR? Termination Annealing Elongation Denaturation Ligation
Annealing
32
What is the first step in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)? Elongation Ligation Splicing Annealing Denaturation
Denaturation
33
What is the promoter region in eukaryotic transcription? TATA box Rho factor AUG codon Shine-Dalgarno sequence Kozak sequence
TATA box
34
What is the role of DNA ligase in replication? Removes RNA primers Initiates replication Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand Prevents DNA supercoiling Synthesizes new DNA strands
Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand
35
Which process involves copying DNA to produce RNA? Polymerization Replication Translation Transcription Reverse transcription
Transcription
36
A patient is found to have a mutation leading to the substitution of valine for glutamic acid in hemoglobin. This mutation is classified as: Missense mutation Silent mutation Nonsense mutation Frameshift mutation
Missense mutation
37
Which RNA type is directly involved in protein synthesis at ribosomes? tRNA mRNA rRNA All of the above
All of the above
38
The phosphate group in nucleic acids contributes to its: Positive charge Hydrophobic nature Neutral charge Negative charge
Negative charge
39
Which of the following is a direct application of reverse transcriptase in biotechnology? Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Gel electrophoresis Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) CRISPR gene editing
Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR)
40
Modified TRUE/FALSE: 1. The Kozak sequence is essential for eukaryotic translation initiation. 2. AUG is the only codon that can serve as a start codon. Only the second statement is true. Both statements are false. Only the first statement is true. Both statements are true.
Only the first statement is true.
41
Which of the following is the rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis? Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) Pyruvate kinase Hexokinase Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
42
Which of the following is NOT a product of one turn of the Krebs cycle? FADH2 GTP CO2 Glucose
Glucose
43
What is the role of ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) in the ETC? Acts as a proton pump in Complex IV Reduces cytochrome c Transfers electrons between Complex I or II to Complex III Accepts electrons from NADH and transfers them to oxygen
Transfers electrons between Complex I or II to Complex III
44
Which component of the ETC is a lipid-soluble electron carrier? Complex IV Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) Cytochrome c NADH
Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q)
45
Which metabolic state promotes fatty acid synthesis? Fasting state Fed state Starvation state Exercise state Stress state
Fed state
46
A drug designed to inhibit the electron transport chain at Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) would most likely result in: Increased NADH oxidation and ATP production Decreased proton gradient and ATP synthesis Increased ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with enhanced mitochondrial function
Decreased proton gradient and ATP synthesis
47
A patient presents with lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia. A defect in which of the following enzymes is most likely responsible? Glycogen phosphorylase Succinate dehydrogenase Phosphofructokinase-1 Pyruvate carboxylase
Pyruvate carboxylase

MOD 2 (4 decks)

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