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Question 1

The most important distinction between benign and malignant tumors is that malignant tuomrs are able to _______ and ________ systemically, but benign tumors are not.

Answer 1

Invade locally, metastasis

Question 2

Both benign and malignant tumors are composed of proliferating cells, ________ have essentially unlimited replicative potential.

Answer 2

malignant

Question 3

The invasive capabilities of malignant tumors are associated with

Answer 3

Enhance tumor cell mortality , increase production proteases, altered tumor cell adhesion characteristics

Question 4

Malignant cells are better able than benign cells to evade _________________ and to escape the host’s
___________________

Answer 4

programmed cell death (apoptosis), cytotoxic immune response.

Question 5

Compared with benign tumors, malignant tumors stimulate marked _________, thus assuring adequate tumor nutrition.

Answer 5

angiogenesis

Question 6

Some benign tumors evolve into malignant neoplasma and some malignant tumors develop increasingly aggressive behavior over time (____________).

Answer 6

malignant progression

Question 7

Comparison Between Benign and Malignant Tumors - Differentiation

Answer 7

• Benign: we’ll differentiate, no anaplasia
• malignant: differentiation to poorly differentiation, anaplasia

Question 8

Comparison Between Benign and Malignant Tumors- Growth rate

Answer 8

Benign: slow, normal mitotic figure
Malignant: slow to rapid, abnormal mitotic figure and often numerous

Question 8

Comparison Between Benign and Malignant Tumors- invade

Answer 8

Benign: non invade, present capsule, cohesive growth
Malignant: invade, infiltrative growth

Question 9

Comparison Between Benign and Malignant Tumors- metastasis

Answer 9

Benign: no metastasis
Malignant: metastasis

Question 10

Tumors cells, especially malignant ones may exhibit ________

Answer 10

anaplasia

Question 11

__________ cells are poorly differentiated cells that exhibit notable cellular and nuclear pleomorphism (variation in size and shape).

Answer 11

Anaplastic

Question 12

Mitotic figures in tumor cells may be ________.

Answer 12

numerous

Question 13

____________ are often hyperchromatic (darkly staining) because if increased DNA content, are disproportionately large relative to cell size, resulting in an increased nuclear : cytoplasmic ratio.

Answer 13

Anaplastic nuclei

Question 14

Many of the nuclear changes seen in neoplastic cells reflect the _____________, _____________, and ____________ that characterize these cells.

Answer 14

Frequent cell division, chromosomal abnormalities, active metbolic state

Question 15

Poorly differentiated mast cell tumors often lack the prominent ______________ that are a hallmark of normal mast cells.

Answer 15

cytoplasmic granules
- toluidine blue stain

Question 16

Lymphoma, arising in lymph nodes consist of _________ of neoplastic cells that partially or completely efface normal lymph node architecture.

Answer 16

soild sheets.

Question 17

thyroid adenomas may produce clinical __________ and plasma cell tumors may cause ___________.

Answer 17

hyperthyoridism, hypergammaglobulinemiam

Question 18

——-

Answer 18

• neoplastic cells arising from alveolar lining cells of lung generally fail to perform normal respiratory functions.
• tumors of primitive germ cell origin do not form normal sperm or ova.

Question 19

• behavior
  Benign tumors are generally ________ and may compress adjacent tissue.

Answer 19

expensile

Question 20

• behaviour
• Malignant tumors have ______ and in many instances metastatic capabilites.

Answer 20

invasive

Question 21

• For malignant cells to invade and ultimately metastasize, they must become completely independent of local growth regulatory controls and acquire an independent blood supply.
• Acquisition of these features allows tumors to spread well beyond their ordinary anatomic niches.

Answer 21

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