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Question 1

What is the defining characteristic of Trichophyton rubrum in a lactophenol cotton blue mount?

Answer 1

microconidia arranged along the hyphal strands in a “birds on a fence” configuration

Question 2

What is the defining characteristic of Trichophyton verrucosum in a lactophenol cotton blue mount?

Answer 2

antler hyphae and “string bean” macroconidia

Question 3

What are engineering controls?

Answer 3

devices that protect the worker from the hazard of exposure that are not considered PPE (sharps containers, biosafety cabinets, splash guards, etc.)

Question 4

Which Lewis blood group system phenotype usually produces anti-Lea?

Answer 4

Le(a-b-)

Question 5

What is the formula for a manual WBC count?

Answer 5

[cells counted (or avg. of both sides) x dilution factor] / (# squares counted x 0.01 x area of each square)

Question 6

What kind of gene initiates DNA synthesis, promotes cell division, and inhibits cell death?

Answer 6

proto-oncogenes

Question 7

Cystine-tellurite blood agar is recommended for the isolation of what organism?

Answer 7

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 8

What casts might be present in the urine of a healthy individual following strenuous exercise?

Answer 8

granular and/or hyaline

Question 9

Plasma exchange is the current treatment for what condition?

Answer 9

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

Question 10

What organism causes “lumpy jaw”?

Answer 10

Actinomyces israelii

Question 11

A slanted ESR tube may have what effect on the ESR test?

Answer 11

may falsely increase the results

Question 12

Which dematiaceous fungus produces conidia in clusters?

Answer 12

Exophiala sp.

Question 13

What is the primary mechanism responsible for glomerular filtration?

Answer 13

hydrostatic differential in glomerular tufts

Question 14

Antigen processing is primarily accomplished by what cell type?

Answer 14

macrophages

Question 15

Production of H2S, citrate +, and the decarboxylation of arginine, lysine, and ornithine, are results that presumptively ID which organism?

Answer 15

Salmonella sp.

Question 16

In an antibody titer, if the reaction in tubes 5-7 are stronger than those in tubes 1-4, what has happened?

Answer 16

prozone reaction

Question 17

Which analyte measurement is used to detect early nephropathy in diabetics?

Answer 17

microalbumin

Question 18

What kind of pathogen is Blastomyces dermatitidis?

Answer 18

obligate

Question 19

Estrogen and progesterone markers are most commonly used to provide prognostic information about which cancer?

Answer 19

breast cancer

Question 20

What marrow cell has highly granular basophilic cytoplasm but does not show nuclear lobation?

Answer 20

mast cell

Question 21

What three processes are inhibited by insulin?

Answer 21

gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and glycogenolysis

Question 22

Define gluconeogenesis.

Answer 22

formation of glucose from non-carbohydrates

Question 23

Define lipolysis.

Answer 23

the release of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) from triglycerides

Question 24

Define glycogenolysis.

Answer 24

conversion of glycogen back to glucose

Question 25

A Gram stain on a sputum sample shows Gram= diplococci; biochemical testing shows the organism to be oxidase + and carbohydrate degradation inactive. What is the presumptive ID?

Answer 25

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 26

Which hormones increase plasma glucose concentration by converting glycogen to glucose?

Answer 26

glucagon and epinephrine

Question 27

What anaerobic organism produces large amounts of succinic acid?

Answer 27

Actinomyces israelii

Question 28

Which 24-hour urine assay is the best single screening test for pheochromocytoma?

Answer 28

metanephrines

Question 29

What structural defect would NOT cause hemoglobinopathies?

Answer 29

deletion of a globin chain

Question 30

What is the age range most common for scrofula infections?

Answer 30

5-10 years old

Question 31

How long do healthy neutrophils live in the peripheral blood of an adult?

Answer 31

7-8 hours

Question 32

Which organism produces "pipe cleaner" or "test tube brush" motility?

Answer 32

Erisypelothrix rhusiopathiae

Question 33

The gene loci for the alpha globin chains are adjacent to the locus for what other globin chain?

Answer 33

zeta

Question 34

Define congestive heart failure.

Answer 34

left ventricular dysfunction due to aging, hypertension, atherosclerosis, or muscle damage from an AMI or multiple AMIs

Question 35

Define ischemia.

Answer 35

inadequate blood supply that decreases the availability of oxygen

Question 36

Define infarction.

Answer 36

area of tissue death resulting from lack of oxygen

Question 37

Define angina.

Answer 37

chest pain due to inadequate oxygen supply to the heart myocardium