2 Female Reproductive Anatomy

Question 1

What is the capsule covering the ovary made from?

Answer 1

Peritoneum

Question 2

Why do women sometimes get a sharp pain at ovulation?

Answer 2

Egg ruptures peritoneum- disruption of sensory nerves

Question 3

Why do nuns tend to get ovarian cancer?

Answer 3

More ovulations (don’t get pregnant)

More times egg ruptures peritoneum

Question 4

What symptoms might a patient with an ovarian cyst present?

Answer 4

• Bloating
• Pain
• Discomfort during intercoure

Question 5

Fill in the missing labels:

Answer 5

Question 6

Where does the uterus sit relative to the rectum and the bladder?

Answer 6

Behind and above bladder

Anterior to rectum

Question 7

Fill in the missing labels:

Answer 7

Question 8

What is the name of the hole shown on this image?

Answer 8

External os

Question 9

What are the fornices? (female repro)

Answer 9

Space between cervix and vagina

Question 10

Which one of these women has had a baby and which has not?

Answer 10

Question 11

What is the pathology of this cervix?

Answer 11

Cervical cancer

(reason for smear tests)

Question 12

Fill in the missing labels in the following diagram showing the uterus at term:

Answer 12

Question 13

Where does fertilisation occur in the uterine tubes?

Answer 13

Ampulla

Question 14

Why is an ectopic pregnancy a medical emergency?

Answer 14

Can cause catastrophic haemorrhage- acute abdomen

Question 15

What do the fimbriae do?

Answer 15

Pick up the egg from the peritoneal cavity once it has been released from the ovary

Question 16

Name 2 types of specialised cells which can be found in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.

Answer 16

• Peg (secretory cells)
• Ciliated cells

Question 17

Fill in the missing labels:

Answer 17

Question 18

What is the broad ligament?

Answer 18

Peritoneal fold

Attaches uterus to pelvic side wall

Question 19

Which 2 ligaments in the female reproductive system are remnants of the gubernaculum?

Answer 19

1. Round ligament (attached to labia majora)
2. Ligament of ovary

Question 20

What does the suspensory ligament contain?

Answer 20

Neurovascular pathway- bulges into peritoneum

Question 21

What is the ? labelling in the following diagram? Why is it significant?

Answer 21

Anastamoses between Uterine and Vaginal artery

Need to be careful when doing histerectomy- risk of bleeding

Question 22

Where on this diagram is the angle of anteflexion?

What is the uterus said to be if the angle of anteflexion if >180 degrees?

Answer 22

>180 degrees = retroflexed

Question 23

Where on this diagram is the angle of anteversion?

What is the uterus said to be if the angle of anteversion if >180 degrees?

Answer 23

>180 degrees = retroverted

Question 24

What cell types lines the wall of the vagina? What else can be found in the wall?

Answer 24

Stratified squamous epithelia

Contains lots of glycogen

glycogen metabolised by bacili- converted to lactic acid

Question 25

Fill in the missing labels:

Answer 25

Question 26

Describe the venous and lymphatic drainage of the ovaries.

Answer 26

Venous: ## Footnote * Right * Right ovarian * IVC * Left * Left ovarian * Left renal * IVC Lymphatic * Para-aortic nodes

Question 27

Describe the venous and lymphatic drainage of the uterus.

Answer 27

Venous: ## Footnote * Plexus in broad ligament * Uterine veins Lymphatic: * _Fundus_ * Para-aortic * Superficial inguinal * _Body_ * External iliac

Question 28

Describe the venous and lymphatic drainage of the cervix.

Answer 28

Venous: ## Footnote * Plexus in broad ligament * Uterine veins Lymphatic: * Iliac * Sacral aortic * Inguinal

Question 29

Describe the venous and lymphatic drainage of the vagina.

Answer 29

Venous: ## Footnote * Vaginal venous plexus * ​Uterine vein * ​Internal iliac Lymphatic: * Superior * ​External iliac nodes * Middle * ​Internal iliac nodes * Inferior * ​Superficial inguinal nodes

Question 30

Label the parts of the fallopian tubes:

Answer 30

Question 31

Fill in the missing labels:

Answer 31

Question 32

Fill in the missing labels:

Answer 32

Question 33

What complications can occur as a result of ovarian cysts?

Answer 33

* Torsion/rupture * Polycystic ovaries= more than 10 cysts--\> common cause of infertility

Question 34

How can chronic infection in the fallopian tubes lead to infertility?

Answer 34

Scarring Tubes usually lined with cilia- required for transport of ova to uterus

Question 35

Name the divisions of the broad ligament. (divided according to surrounding structures) (3)

Answer 35

1. Mesovarium- around ovary 2. Mesometrium- between pelvic wall and uterus 3. Mesosalpinx- surrounding fallopian tubes

Question 36

Where does the uterine artery run in relation to the broad ligament?

Answer 36

Runs between layers of broad ligament

Question 37

What is another name for the rectouterine pouch?

Answer 37

Pouch of douglas

Question 38

Why are the vesicouterine and rectouterine pouches relevant clinically?

Answer 38

Sites of fluid collection