2 Glenohumeral joint and proximal humerus

Question 1

What is the name of the cavity on the lateral surface of the scapula?

Answer 1

Glenoid cavity

Question 2

What articulates with glenoid cavity?

Answer 2

Head of the humerus

Question 3

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 3

Synovial ball and socket joint

Question 4

What is the cartilage around the glenoid cavity?

Answer 4

Glenoid labrum

Question 5

What is a tubercle on a bone?

Answer 5

Round notdule which significes attachment site of muscle/limb

Question 6

How many tubercles does the humerus have?

Answer 6

2 - greater (laterally) and lesser (medially)

Question 7

What are the two necks of the humerus?

Answer 7

Anatomical (superior to tubercles) and surgical (inferior to tubercles)
Surgical is where it’s most likley to fracture

Question 8

What is the function of the greater tubercle if the humerus?

Answer 8

An attachment for 3 rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

Question 9

What is the function of the lesser tubercle if the humerus?

Answer 9

An attachment for last rotator cuff muscle
Subscapularis

Question 10

What seperates the two tubercles

Answer 10

Intertubercular groove

Question 11

What is the function of the intertubercular groove

Answer 11

Attachment of tendons of
Pectoralis major
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi

Question 12

What are bith surfaces of the glenohumeral joint covered in?

Answer 12

Hyaline cartilage

Question 13

What is larger the head of the humerus or glenoid fossa?

Answer 13

The head of the humerus which means the joint has instability

Question 14

What is the purpose of the ligaments in the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 14

To strengthen and ease movements

Question 15

What are the four main ligaments in the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 15

Glenohumeral ligaments
Coracohumeral ligament
Transverse humeral ligament
Coracoacromial ligament

Question 16

What makes up the glenohumeral ligaments?

Answer 16

3 bands - superior, middle, inferior
Run from glenoid fossa to anatomical neck of humerus

Question 17

What is the function of the glenohumeral ligaments?

Answer 17

To strengthen and stabilise anterior aspect of joint capsule

Question 18

Where does coracohumeral ligament attach to?

Answer 18

Base of coracoid process to greater tubercle of humerus

Question 19

What is the function of the coracohumeral ligament?

Answer 19

Support superior part of joint capsule

Question 20

Where is transverse humeral ligament found?

Answer 20

Between greater and lesser tubercle of humerus

Question 21

What is the function of the transverse humeral ligament?

Answer 21

Holds long head of tendon of biceps brachii in the intertubercular groove

Question 22

Where is the coracoacromial ligament between?

Answer 22

Acromion and coracoid process of the scapula

Question 23

What is the function of the coracoacromial ligament?

Answer 23

To prevent superior displacement of the humeral head

Question 24

What is the joint capsule made up of?

Answer 24

Fibrous sheath

Question 25

What is the function of a joint capsule?

Answer 25

To enclose the structures of a joint

Question 26

Where is the glenohumeral joint capsule?

Answer 26

From anatomical neck of humerus to border of glenoid fossa

Question 27

What lines the inner surface of a joint capsule?

Answer 27

Synovial membrane which produces synovial fluid (reduces friction between surfaces)

Question 28

In glenohumeral joint what is present to reduce friction?

Answer 28

Synovial bursae, two clinically important ones are Subacromial bursa Subscapular bursa

Question 29

What is a bursa

Answer 29

Sac filled with synovial fluid - wich acts as a cushion between tendons and other joint structures

Question 30

What is the clinical significance of subacromial bursa?

Answer 30

Subacromial bursitis - a type of rotator cuff injury Dislocation

Question 31

What are the movements of the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 31

Extension, flexion Abduction, adduction Medial, lateral rotation

Question 32

What muscles produce flexion at glenohumeral joint?

Answer 32

Biceps brachii Pectoralis major Anterior deltoid Corachobrachialis

Question 33

What muscles produce extension at glenohumeral joint?

Answer 33

Posterior deltoid Latissimus dorsi Teres major

Question 34

What muscles produce abduction at glenohumeral joint?

Answer 34

0-15 Supraspinatus 15-90 Middle deltoid (help from supraspinatus) Past 90 scapula rotation needs to occur

Question 35

What muscles produce scapula roation past 90 for abduction at glenohumeral joint?

Answer 35

Trapezius Serratus anterior

Question 36

What muscles produce adduction at glenohumeral joint?

Answer 36

Pectoralis major Lattisimus dorsi Teres major

Question 37

What muscles produce medial rotation at glenohumeral joint?

Answer 37

Subscapularis Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Teres major Anterior deltoid

Question 38

What muscles produce lateral roation at glenohumeral joint?

Answer 38

Infraspinatous Teres minor