3 Joints in the elbow

Question 1

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

Answer 1

Synovial hinge

Question 2

How many articulations are in the elbow joint?

Answer 2

1. Trochlea notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus
2. Head of radius and capitulum of humerus

Question 3

What other joint has the same bursae as the elbow joint?

Answer 3

Proximal radioulnar joint

Question 4

What are synovial joints surrounded by?

Answer 4

Fibrous capsule enclosing the joint

Question 5

What is the benefit of the fibrous capsule around synovial joints?

Answer 5

Strengthens the joint

Question 6

What is a bursa?

Answer 6

Membranous sac filled with synovial fluid

Question 7

What is the function of a bursa?

Answer 7

It cushions moving parts of a joint preventing degenerative damage

Question 8

What clinically important bursae are in the elbow joint?

Answer 8

Intratendinous - within tendon of triceps brachii
Subtendinous - between olecranona and tendon of biceps brachii
Subcutaneous - betweeen olecranoon and overlying connective tissue

Question 9

Does pronation and supination occur at the elbow joint?

Answer 9

No, occur at nearby radioulnar joint

Question 10

Where is the medial (ulnar) collateral ligament?

Answer 10

From medial epicondyle to coronoid process of ulna and olecranon of ulna

Question 11

Where is the lateral (radial) collateral ligament?

Answer 11

From lateral epicondyle to annular ligament of the radius

Question 12

What is the function of the collateral ligaments?

Answer 12

Stabilise the flexion and extension movements of the elbow

Question 13

What is the arterial supply to the elbow joint?

Answer 13

Cubital anastamosis formed from branches of brachial and deep brachial artery

Question 14

What is the nervous supply to the elbow joint?

Answer 14

Anterior: median, radial musculocutaneous nerve
Posterior: ulnar

Question 15

What movement occurs at the elbow joint?

Answer 15

Flexion and extension

Question 16

Which muscles cause flexion at the elbow joint?

Answer 16

Brachioradialis and muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm (biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis)

Question 17

Which muscles cause extension at the elbow joint?

Answer 17

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm (triceps brachii, anconeus)

Question 18

What are the two radioulnar joints?

Answer 18

Where the radius meets the ulna in the forearm. Proximal and distal

Question 19

Where are the two radioulnar joints?

Answer 19

Proximal: immediatley distal to elbow joint
Distal: immediatley proximal to wrist joint

Question 20

What are the articulating surfaces in the proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 20

Radial head and radial notch of the ulna

Question 21

What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 21

Synovial pivot

Question 22

What holds the radial head in place in the proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 22

The radial annular ligament as a collar around the joint

Question 23

What movement occurs at the proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 23

Supination and pronation

Question 24

What are the articulating surfaces in the distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 24

Ulnar notch of the radius and ulnar head

Question 25

What type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 25

Synovial pivot

Question 26

What ligaments strengthen the distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 26

Anterior ligament Posterior ligament Fibrocartilaginous ligament - articular disk

Question 27

What are the main muscles producing pronation?

Answer 27

Pronator quadratus Pronator teres (most powerful)

Question 28

What accessory muscles produce pronation?

Answer 28

Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Brachioradialis

Question 29

What are the main muscles producing supination?

Answer 29

Supinator Biceps brachii (most powerful)

Question 30

What accessory muscles produce supination?

Answer 30

Extensor pollicus longis Extensor carpi radialis longus

Question 31

What type of tissue is the interosseous membrane?

Answer 31

A holy sheet of conective tissue

Question 32

Where is the interosseous membrane?

Answer 32

Medial border of the radius Lateral border of the ulna Between two radioulnar joints

Question 33

What is the function of the holes in the interosseous membrane?

Answer 33

For vascular supply to the forearm

Question 34

What is the function of the interosseous membrane?

Answer 34

Holds radius and ulna together - additional stability in pronation/supination Acts as an attachment site for muscles in anterior and posterior compartment of forearm Transfer forces from the radius to the ulna