2) Henry VII’s foreign policy- knowledge Flashcards
- England’s position in Europe in 1485 - Henry VII’s aims - relations with Burgundy, France, Scotland and Spain - treaties of Medina del campo, Redon, Etaples and Ayton - marriage negotiations - trade agreements, including Magnus Intercursus and Malus Intercursus (27 cards)
What were Henry’s aims for his foreign policy?
Maintain the security of:
- the kingdom
- his dynasty
Increase royal wealth by:
- avoiding costly foreign wars
- generating customs revenue through increased trade (main source of income outside of lands is customs)
Who are the key members in Europe?
- Spain- Ferdinand and Isabella, very powerful
- France- Charles VIII, came to throne 1483 age 13, regent sister on throne
- Burgundy/ HRE- Largest land mass, led by Margaret of Burgundy, gateway to trade for England
- Scotland: James VI, against England
What were Henry’s initial limitations for foreign policy?
- Did not have many allies in Europe
- Did not have much money to bribe people with
What were the aims of early foreign policy?
1485-1492
Trade, increasing wealth, avoiding war, increasing prestige of England
What were the aims of middle foreign policy?
1493-1502
Avoiding war and peace with scotland
What were the aims of late foreign policy?
1503-1509
Secure dynasty and borders, more concerned with domestic affairs
what threat was supported by a foreign power in 1486?
Margaret of Burgundy offered sanctuary to Lovel from Lovel and Staffords rebelion
what threat was supported by a foreign power in 1487?
Lambert simnel was supported by Margaret of Burgundy- Battle of Stoke June
What treaty happened in 1489 with Spain, why and what were the terms?
Treaty of Medina del campo with Spain: Spain wanted a treaty against French
- Anglo Spanish alliance
- Mutual defence
- Arthur betrothed to Catherine of Aragon- 100,000 crowns dowry
- no support for pretenders
What treaty happened in 1489 with France/ brittany, why and what were the terms?
Treaty of Redon: meant to improve Brittany’s defences against france
- Parliament granted Henry £100,000 and he sent 6000 trops to Brittany
- July Maximilian makes peace with France leaving Henry isolated
What treaty happened in 1492 with France, why and what were the terms?
Treaty of Etaples with France: Henry invades France so Charles VIII agrees to treaty to end invasion
- French pension £5000 a year, £159,000 in total
- Ends Brenton crisis
- French promise to support no rebels
- expelled Warbeck from France
What treaty happened in 1495, why and what were the terms?
Formation of league of Venice: Pope, HRE and spain
- Wanted eject France from Itaiy, Henry frozen out
What treaty happens in 1496, why and what are the terms?
England joins Holy League: Purpose to counteract French power in Italy
- revealed Ferdinand’s growing respect for Henry
What treaty happened in 1496 with Burgundy, why and for what reason?
Intercursus Magnus (1496) with Burgundy: treaty restored trade relations between England and Burgundy, ending a trade embargo
- good rates for English merchants
What treaties occured with Scotland in 1497 and 1502, why and what were the terms?
Truce of Ayton (1497) and Treaty of Perpetual Peace (1502) with Scotland:
* These treaties aimed to establish peace with Scotland, which was a long-standing challenge.
* The Truce of Ayton included marriage alliance between Henry’s daughter Margaret and James IV of Scotland, solidifying the peace.
When did Arthur and Catherine marry?
1501 (slight delay due to Perkin Warbeck)
When does arthur die and when is Henry VIII betrothed to Catherine?
1502: Arthur dies
1503: Henry betrothed
When does James IV marry Margaret Tudor?
1503
Whose death in 1504 ends the anti-French alliance of England Spain and Burgundy?- how does this challenge Henry?
Isabella dies- alliance falls apart and means Henry must choose to back either Philip or Ferdinand, and chooses Philip HRE
What does Ferdinand do in 1504 after Anti-french treaty ends?
Ferdinand agrees treaty with France, marrying Louis XII’s niece (needs a male heir to inherit the Aragon throne)
1504 why does Henry pay Maximilian?
Pays to expel suffolk from HRE
What happens in Henry’s favour in 1506, and what treaty occurs as a result?
1506 Philip shipwrecked: Treaty of Windsor; Malus Intercursus;
- Suffolk handed over
- Henry to marry Philip’s sister, Margaret
- Sept 1506 Philip dies; Maximilian regent for young grandson Charles
What does Henry do in 1506 towards Ferdinand?
Henry fearful of French intentions towards Burgundy, offers himself in marriage to Joana, but Ferdinand refuses and fails to send rest of Catherine’s dowry
What treaty happens in 1508, why and what were the terms? How is this bad for Henry?
League of Cambrai: Pope/HRE/Spain/France – to attack Venice
Fails to create anti-Ferdinand alliance with France and Burgundy; frozen out of League of Cambrai (Spain/France - anti-Venice), but diverted attention probably fortunate
