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Immunosero Lec (Prelim) > 2. Immunity > Flashcards

2. Immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

Ability of the body to protect itself from invasion of pathogens agents and provide a defense against their harmful effect

Can be classified as non specific or specific

A

Immunity

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2
Q

Natural/innate that is already present at birth

Functions in a standardized manner when subjected to challenge regardless of the nature of pathogen

Does not distinguish on pathogen from another

A

Non-specific immunity

(Innate immunity)

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3
Q

NOTE:
Components of non specific immunity:

Physical (Flushing mechanisms such as sweats etc)

Skin

A
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4
Q

Adaptive/Acquired that has the components of immune system that adapts

This leads to formation of antibodies and / or sensitized T cells

HALLMARK: Antibody production

A

Specific immunity

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5
Q

What are the properties of specific immunity?

A

Specificity and memory

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6
Q

ability to act on specific antigen

A

Specificity

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7
Q

Factors affecting protection by specific immunity

A
  1. Infectious dose (Depending the dosage of this microorganisms, it will activate the specific immunity)
  2. Route of administration
  3. Type of agent (Not all agent [Antigen] triggers immune response)
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8
Q

Lowest infectious dosage (Bacteria)

A

Shigella spp.

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9
Q

Type of specific immunity?

A

Active and Passive spcific immunity

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10
Q

Advantage: Long-term immunity
Disadvantage: Takes time to be established

A

Active specific immunity

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11
Q

Infection is occured due to exposure to immunogens creating antibodies

A

Natural active specific immunity

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12
Q

Vaccination is used for exposure to create antibodies

A

Artificial active specific immunity

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13
Q

Hallmark of active specific immunity?

A

End product: creates Antibodies

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14
Q

Advantage: Easily established
Disadvantage: Short term protection

A

Passive specific immunity

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15
Q

Breastfeeding gives antibodies

A

Natural passive specific immunity

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16
Q

Immunization is given to give antibodies

A

Artificial passive specific immunity

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17
Q

What is the hallmark of passive specific immunity?

A

Given Antibodies

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18
Q

What cell retains the memory in active specific immunity

A

Memory cells

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19
Q

LIne of immune defenses

A
  1. Non Specific immunity
  2. Specific immunity
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20
Q

First line of immune defense

A

Anatomical barriers and body functions

Genetic susceptibility and non susceptibility

Provision of unfavorable environment for pathogens

Normal flora

Flushing mechanism

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21
Q

Factors that influence the first line of defense

A
  1. Age
  2. Nutrition
  3. Comorbidities
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22
Q

Provides physical barrier and has active mechanisms for killing pathogens

Self sterilization by desiccation, desquamation, pH and fatty acid secretion

S. aureus can survive in fatty acid environmment

A

Skin and mucous membranes

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23
Q

NOTE: The acidity / Alkalinity of the stomach, intestinal tract and vagina inhibits microbial growth (Such as H. pylori)

L. acidophilus

A
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24
Q

Non-pathogenic microorganisms that prevents colonization of pathogenic microorganisms

A

Normal flora

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25
Example of flushing mechanisms
Lacrimation micturition Cilia Defacation
26
NOTE: Negative in Duffy antigens prevents malaria
27
What are the second line of immune defense
Inflammation Leukocytes Non-specific humoral factors
28
Tissues reaction to injury or infection
Inflammation
29
Cardinal signs of Inflammation
1. Rubor 2. Calor 3. Tumor 4. Dolor 5. Functio Laesa
30
What is the cardinal signs for Redness
Rubor
31
What is the cardinal signs for Heat
Calor
32
What is the cardinal signs for Swelling
Tumor
33
What happens in the vessel when inflammation occurs due to redness?
Vasodilation
34
What is the cardinal signs for Pain
Dolor
35
Diminished function
Functio Laesa
36
Why heat is caused in inflammation?
Due to blood since they produce heat (For Thermoregulation, and maintains for metabolism)
37
What causes the tumor in inflammation?
Increased vascular permeability (Opening of endothelial cells in the vessels causing leakage of plasma = Increased in WBC)
38
What causes the pain in inflammation?
Naiipit ung nerves due to swelling (Alerts to Functio Laesa for easy repair)
39
Phases of inflammation?
1. Vascular 2. Cellular 3. Resolution and repair
40
Localized vasodilation resulting to?
Hyperemia
41
This response for vasodilation and temporary stasis
Vascular response
42
Neutrophil is also known as?
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
43
Most prominet WBC in children's?
Lymphocytes
44
1/3 Primary Azurophilic granules?
Myeloperoxidase > HOCl Lysozymes
45
Part of Specific granules that sequesters Iron
Lactoferrin
46
What are the secondary / specific granules
Lactoferrin Respiratory/Oxidative burst components - NADPH oxidase > ROS
47
This WBC increase in acute bacterial infection and the first to come
Neutrophil
48
Capable of phagocytosis can neutrolize basophil and mast cells functions fo allergic reactions, Parasitic infection and tissue invasive parasites
Eosinophils
49
Largest cells in the peripheral blood Kidney bean shape or Horseshoe shaped
Monocyte
50
This contains in granulocytes where agranulocyte none
Peroxidase granules
51
Arise form monocytes and serve as antigen presenting cells
Macrophage
52
Liver macrophage
Kupffer cells
53
Lungs macrophage
Alveolar cells
54
Resemble basophils but is located in tissue Involved in inflammation and allergic reactions
Mast cells
55
Cells that are covered with long membranous extensions that resemble nerve cell dendrites MOST EFFECTIVE Antigen Presenting Cells and most potent phagocytic cell Capture antigen through phagocytosis to deliver it to T cells
Dendritic cell
56
Cells that are covered with long membranous extensions that resemble nerve cell dendrites MOST EFFECTIVE Antigen Presenting Cells and most potent phagocytic cell Capture antigen through phagocytosis to deliver it to T cells
Dendritic cell
57
Predominant in Chronic inflammation
Macrophage
58
4 phases of Phagocytosis
1. Initiation 2. Chemotaxis 3. Engulfment 4. Digestion / Degradation ICED
59
2 types of phagocytosis?
Direct and indirect
60
Direct recognition of microbial antigens through pathogen recognition receptors
Direct phagocytosis
61
Recognition of opsonin-coated microbes through FcyR or CR3 Can recognize more
Indirect phagocytosis
62
Pathogen recognition receptors that allow direct recognition?
Toll like receptors
63
Toll protein came from what animal?
Drosophila spp.
64
Serum proteins that attach to a foreign cell or pathogen and help speed up phagocytosis
Opsonins
65
Movement of phagocytes towards the source of chemoattractants
Chemotaxis
66
Movement of phagocytes from the circulating pool to the peripheral tissues through the vessel wall
Diapedesis
67
Induce directional cell migration
Chemoattractants

Immunosero Lec (Prelim) (8 decks)

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