2 Immunity, Inflammation & Disease

Question 1

Immunity

Answer 1

the body’s ability to resist infectious diseases

Question 2

Antigen

Answer 2

any foreign substance that our body recognizes as foreign and produces an immune response

Question 3

Antibody

Answer 3

immunoglobulins (aka proteins) that are used by the immune system to target and neutralize antigens

Question 4

Nonspecific Immunity

Answer 4

the innate immunity that we are born with

It’s immediate but provides short term protection

Question 5

Specific Immunity

Answer 5

adapted and responds to specific pathogens

Question 6

the goal of Nonspecific Immunity

Answer 6

to prevent entry and growth by microorganisms

Question 7

Ways of Non-Specific Immunity

Answer 7

Physical Barriers

Chemical Barriers

Question 8

examples of Physical Barriers

Answer 8

Intact Skin
Mucous Membranes (saliva, tears)

Question 9

examples of Chemical Barriers

Answer 9

Tears
Sweat
Saliva

they all contain antipathogenic properties

Question 10

Phagocytosis

Answer 10

leukocytes (white blood cells) engulf and destroy pathogens

Question 11

What does a fever do?

Answer 11

Slows the growth rate of pathogens and enhances immune reaction

This happens because pathogens work at difference temperatures. Change it, and you mess with the process which is good

Question 12

Inflammation

Answer 12

Prevents spread of infection
Disposes debris
Aids in repair

Question 13

Histamine

Answer 13

Main chemical that’s associated with inflammation

Causes redness, heat, swelling, clotting

Question 14

the goal of Specific Immunity

Answer 14

to provide protection for future exposures to the same pathogen

Question 15

what are the two types of cells associated with Specific Immunity?

Answer 15

Humoral (B cells)

Cell-Mediated (T cells)

Question 16

B cells

Humoral

Answer 16

focuses more on bacteria

Question 17

T cells

Cell-Mediated

Answer 17

focuses more on viruses and other pathogens

Question 18

What were the 7 types of diagnostic tests discussed in class?

Answer 18

HINT: WEC FACE

Western Blot
ELISA
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Flow Cytometry
Agglutination Reactions
C-Reactive Protein 
Erythrocyte Sedimentation (ESP)

Question 19

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Answer 19

a diagnostic test

• If we see an elevated WBC, we will associate it with infection
• If we see a decrease in neutrophils the person is considered at risk for infection

Question 20

Agglutination Reactions

Answer 20

a diagnostic test used in blood typing that identifies bacterial and viral antibodies/antigens

Question 21

ELISA

Answer 21

a widely used diagnostic test that detects the presence of antibodies and antigens

Question 22

Western Blot

Answer 22

a diagnostic test that detects the presence of antibodies

Question 23

Flow Cytometry

Answer 23

a diagnostic test that counts cells

used for HIV/AIDS to assess to the progression of it

Question 24

C-Reactive Protein

Answer 24

a diagnostic blood test that detects inflammation

Question 25

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESP)

Answer 25

a diagnostic blood test that detects inflammation

Question 26

Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)

Answer 26

drug that reduces inflammation

Question 27

Corticosteroids

Answer 27

reduce inflammation

Question 28

Imunosuppresives

Answer 28

"calm down" immune system to help slow down its attack on itself

Question 29

Monoclonal Antibodies

Answer 29

tricks body into thinking there's antibodies there so system can relax

Question 30

most autoimmune diseases affect who?

Answer 30

women

Question 31

the full medical name for Lupus

Answer 31

Systemic Lupic Erythematosus

Question 32

Scleroderma

Answer 32

"Hard Skin" | Collagen (proteins of connective tissue) overgrow resulting in hard skin

Question 33

Vasodilatoes

Answer 33

medicine that enlarge blood vessels

Question 34

Allergy/Hypersensitivity

Answer 34

the immune response to a harmless allergen

Question 35

Anaphylaxis

Answer 35

Severe reaction | Swelling, rapid/weak pulse, etc.

Question 36

how many stages of HIV/AIDS are there?

Answer 36

4 (primary, second, third, fourth)

Question 37

Primary stage of HIV/AIDS

Answer 37

Exposure Lasts a few weeks Flu-like symptoms

Question 38

Second stage of HIV/AIDS

Answer 38

No symptoms but person's infectious | Lasts about 10 years

Question 39

Third stage of HIV/AIDS

Answer 39

Symptomatic HIV Lasts several years Jaundice, Diarrhea, Fever, Night sweats, Enlarged lymph nodes, Fatigue, Joint pain, Oral infections, Skin problems

Question 40

Fourth stage of HIV/AIDS

Answer 40

Progression from HIV to AIDS | Has at least one of AIDS-indicator diseases and a CD4 count of <200