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Human Diseases > 1 Intro to Disease > Flashcards

1 Intro to Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Disease

A

a structural or functional change in the body that’s harmful to the organism

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2
Q

What are diseases classified by?

A

Type

Location/System

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3
Q

Congenital disease

A

condition in which you are born with

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4
Q

Hereditary disease

A

condition which has genetic contributors

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5
Q

Degenerative disease

A

Gets worse overtime

Usually from wear-and-tear

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6
Q

Neoplastic disease

A

usually refers to cancer

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7
Q

Integumentary disease

A

usually refers to skin disorders

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8
Q

What are the “Manifestations of Disease”?

A

Type of Manifestation
Nature of Data
Name of Collection of Results

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9
Q

What does “Type of Manifestation” include?

A

Symptoms
Signs
Laboratory abnormalties

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10
Q

What is “Nature of Data”?

A

Patient’s perception
Examiner’s observations
Results of tests or procedures

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11
Q

What are the “Collection of Results”?

Name of Collection of Results

A

History/Questionnaire
Physical Exam
Lab findings

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12
Q

What’s included in a Physical Exam?

A 
Inspection
Palpation
Auscultation
Percussion
Vital Signs
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13
Q

Inspection

A

Visualization of patient
How does the patient look?

e.g. skin discoloration, paleness, abnormal bulging

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14
Q

Palpation

A

when we feel for things

e.g. mass in abdomen

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15
Q

Auscultation

A

refers to listening

e.g. stethoscope to heart

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16
Q

Percussion

A

“tapping”

e.g. feel/poke around lungs and hear difference between hollow area and solid area

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17
Q

Vital Signs

A 
Heart rate
Blood Pressure
Temp. (the most accurate is rectal temp.)
Pain scale
Respiratory rate
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18
Q

Types of Diagnostic Procedures

Types of Imaging Techniques

A 
Electrocardiography (ECG/EKG)
Radiography/X-Ray
Computed Tomography (CT)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Ultrasounds
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19
Q

Electrocardiography (ECG/EKG)

A

usually used to evaluate a heart attack; electrical and muscular of heart

20
Q

Radiography/X-Ray

A

electromagnetic radiation to view internal structure; various density

21
Q

Computed Tomography (CT/CAT Scan)

A

takes images at different points then puts it together

22
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

uses magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the organs/tissues

23
Q

Ultrasounds

A

uses high frequency sound waves to make images

24
Q

What is the Course of a Disease?

Name the steps

A

HINT: PAC TRECS

Prognosis
Acute
Chronic
Terminal
Remission
Exacerbation
Complication
Sequela
25
Q

Prognosis

A

the predicted course/outcome of disease

26
Q

Acute

A

illnesses that usually occur suddenly with short duration

e.g. Cold, flu

27
Q

Chronic

A

Onset’s typically slower and lasts at least 6 months

In most cases, a life long disease

28
Q

Terminal

A

Will result in death in a short time

29
Q

Hospice Care/Comfort Care

A

won’t change outcome of terminal disease, but will make person more comfortable

30
Q

Remission

A

A period in which the signs and symptoms of a disease subside
Disease process may go away but not cured
Risk of coming back

subside-they go way/decrease

31
Q

Exacerbation

A

A period in which the disease symptoms gets worse/more frequent

32
Q

Complication

A

A negative outcome that’s related to the primary disease or the treatment of disease

33
Q

Sequela

A

A disease aftermath
Happens down the road

e.g. Have untreated strep throat? May lead to heart problems. In other words, “ A sequela to untreated strep throat is heart problems

34
Q

What are terms used to “Describe the Occurrence of Disease?

A 
Morbidity
Mortality
Incidence
Prevalence
Epidemiology
35
Q

Morbidity

A

any departure from a state of well-being

36
Q

Mortality

A

an estimate of the population that dies during a specific time period

37
Q

Incidence

A

that rate at which a new disease occurs

38
Q

Prevalence

A

the % of population with disease at given time

39
Q

Epidemiology

A

the study of the occurrence, transmission, distribution and control of diseases

40
Q

Name the “Risk Factors for Disease”

A 
Environmental
Chemical
Genetic
Physiological
Psychological
41
Q

Name the type of “Treatment for Diseases”

A 
Pharmacologic
Surgical
Palliative
Psychological/Psychiatric
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
42
Q

Pharmacologic

A

medication

43
Q

Surgical

A

Removing
Repairing
Replacing

44
Q

Palliative

A

Any treatment/medicine that’s designed to relieve pain or alleviate a problem. Treatment doesn’t change the underlying cause

e.g. Used with cancer patients and those in the end stages of life

45
Q

Psychological/Psychiatric

A

use to support physiological disease or can be primary treatment

46
Q

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)

A

“natural” treatments

e.g. acupuncture, herbal treatments, massage

Human Diseases (13 decks)

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