2. Infection Control in Dentistry Flashcards
Importance of Infection Control in Dentistry
Following the ____ can prevent transmission of infections among patients and dental care professionals
Potential for transmission of pathogens by exposure to ____ (saliva, blood, respiratory secretions, and excretions EXCEPT ____) and injury from ____ (burs, scalpel or needle-stick injuries)
universal precautions
body fluids
sweat
sharps
How can pathogen transmission occur?
____ contact with blood or other body fluids
____ contact with a contaminated instrument or surface
Contact of mucosa of the eyes, nose or mouth with droplets or splatter
____ of airborne microorganism
Indirectly could be touching with lacerated skin or inhalation of airborne micro like microbacterium tuberculous
direct
indirect
inhalation
Chain of infection
Pathogen > ____ > Mode > ____ > ____ > pathogen
____ one of the links of the above chain will prevent the transmission of the pathogen
source
entry
susceptible host
removing
Universal Precautions to be followed
____
The use of ____, such as gloves, masks, eye protection, and gowns, that are intended to prevent the exposure of skin and mucous membranes to blood and other potentially infectious materials
____ of contaminated instruments
____ of environmental surfaces with disinfectant wipes
Injury prevention through safer ____ and ____
handwashing personal protective equipment sterilization cleaning and disinfection work practices engineering controls
Clean hands
- types of bacteria on hands!
- Showing microbial flora of our hands and if not washed properly can be transferred from ourselves to the ____
- Proper washing saves lives and like ____ for ourselves
patients
vaccine
Handwashing
- As per CDC, handwashing is like a “____” vaccine
- Involves five simple steps - ____, Lather, ____, Rinse, ____
- Removes germs from your own hands as well as their ____ in the dental office
do-it-yourself wet scrub dry spread
Hand Sanitizing
- If hands are not visibly soiled and if water and soap are not available, only ____ could be used. If hands are visibly soiled, then they must be washed first with ____, before using hand sanitizer.
- Alcohol based sanitizers that contain at least ____ alcohol are recommended.
- One should use enough sanitizer to apply to all surfaces of ____ and ____. Then rub hands against one another until all surfaces are ____.
• If not visibility soiled can use the hand sanitizer that have 60-70% alcohol and need to be rubbed dry
hand sanitizers water and soap 60% hands fingers dry
How to handwash
- wet hands with ____
- apply enough soap to cover all ____ surfaces
- rub hands palm to palm
- right palm over left dorsum with interlaced fingers and vice versa
- palm to palm with fingers interlaced
- backs of fingers to opposing palms with fingers interlocked
- rotational rubbing of left thumb clasped in right palm and vice versa
- rotational rubbing, backwards and forwards with clasped fingers of right hand in left palm and vice versa
- rinse hands with water
- dry thoroughly with a single use towel
- use towel to turn off faucet
- … and your hands are safe
Wash for ____ seconds if visibility soiled and if not visibly soiled then ____ seconds is enough
water
hand
40-60
30
How to handrub?
duration: ____
- apply a palmful of the product ina . cupped hand, covering all surface
- rub hands palm to palm
- right palm over left dorsum with interlaced fingers and vice versa
- palm to palm with fingers interlaced
- backs of finger to opposing palms with fingers interocked
- ____ rubbing of left thumb clasped in right palm and vice versa
- rotational rubbing, backwards and forwards with clasped fingers of right hand in left palm and vice versa
- once dry, your hands are safe
20-30 seconds
rotational
Efficacy of Hand Hygiene
Good: ____
Better: ____
Best: ____
plain soap
antimicrobial soap (4% CHX)
alcohol-based handrub (70% isopropanol)
• Sequence of putting on the equipment, first the ____, then ____, then ____ and then the ____ which put on in front of the patients
gown
mask
eye protection
glove
• Sequence of removing the equipment is the ____, ____, ____ and then ____
gloves
goggles
gown
mask
Gloves
Provider Patient
- To ____ the risk of health care personnel acquiring ____ from patients
- To ____ microbes from being transmitted from health care personnel to ____ by microbial flora
However, gloves are NOT a substitute for ____!
minimze infections prevent patients handwashing
Steps in Gloving
Wear gloves when contact with blood, saliva, and mucous membranes is possible
Remove gloves after each ____
Wear a new pair of gloves for each ____
If gloves tear during treatment or get nicked, they must be changed
____
•____ may develop in the gloves if you wash and reuse contaminated
gloves, leading to fluid and bacteria penetration
•Once gloves are removed, hands should be immediately ____
•Hands should be washed ____ putting gloves on and immediately ____
removing them.
patient care patient immediately micropores washed before after
Protective gown
• Protective gowns are used to fully cover torso from ____ to ____, arms to end of wrists and wrap around the back
• Be sure to ____ behind the neck and waist
• Gowns help to prevent contamination by eliminating body exposure to fluids like blood, splatter, aerosol or droplets of infectious material
• Gowns are ____ in certain areas of PDM (Atrium, Levy Bldg, Adm. Offices, ____, eating areas, elevators, ____).
• In the labs, ____ gowns should be worn. Clinical gowns are restricted in lab areas.
• Long hair must be ____ back
- There are some areas where restricted to be worn, continues to read slide blue the whole levy building and remember all of these areas, she has seen D1 coming with gown in these and in the labs we have disposable with gowns that should be worn not the ones form clinic to protect from spray
- With long hair need to tie back
neck knees fasten restricted restrooms library white tied
• CDC recommends use of ____ or ____ mouth mask by dental care personnel, since there is close contact with patients and body fluids
• Mouth mask should cover ____ and ____ during any dental procedure and patient care activities that can generate splashes or sprays of blood or body fluids.
• Masks should be changed between ____
• Masks should be changed if ____ or visibly ____.
• Masks should either be ____ – they should not dangle under the neck
or from the ear. Nor should they be placed in pockets for later use.
• ____: ideal protection for treatment of TB patients.
surgical procedural nose mouth patients wet soiled on or off N95 respirator
• CDC recommends use of ____ or ____ mouth mask by dental care personnel, since there is close contact with patients and body fluids
• Mouth mask should cover ____ and ____ during any dental procedure and patient care activities that can generate splashes or sprays of blood or body fluids.
• Masks should be changed between ____
• Masks should be changed if ____ or visibly ____.
• Masks should either be ____ – they should not dangle under the neck
or from the ear. Nor should they be placed in pockets for later use.
• ____: ideal protection for treatment of TB patients.
surgical procedural nose mouth patients wet soiled on or off N95 respirator
Protective eyewear
• Dental health care personnel should wear protective eyewear with side shields during procedures that can generate splashes or sprays of blood or body fluids
• Protective eyewear protects the mucous membranes of the eyes from contact with microorganisms and also protects ____ eyes from splatter or any debris
• Reusable protective eyewear should be cleaned with ____, and when visibly soiled, ____ between patients (disinfectant ____ or ____)
patient's soap and water disinfected wipes spray
