[2] Lecture 14: Appendicular Muscle Flashcards

(75 cards)

1
Q

Muscles that arise on axial skeleton or trunk fascia and insert on the girdle or limb

Begin development from blastemas w/in the body wall

A

Extrinsic appendicular muscles

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2
Q

Muscles that arise on a girdle or limb element and insert more distally

Develop from blastemas from w/in the limb

A

Intrinsic appendicular muscles

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3
Q

Note that the intrinsic blastemas originate in the ________ and are innervated by motor fibers from somatic column of spinal cord.

A

Somites

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4
Q
Lat Dorsi 
Levator scapulae 
Serratus ventralis 
Rhomboideus 
Trapiezius 
Sternomastoid
A

Exmaples of extrinsic muscles

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5
Q

Biceps
Triceps complex
Digit extensores and flexor….etc.

A

Muscles intrinsic appendicular

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6
Q

Dorsal group and ventral groups make up:

A

Extrinsic pectoral muscles

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7
Q

Most constant dorsal extrinsic appendicular muscle in tetrapods:

A

Latissiumus dorsi

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8
Q

Major derivative is teres major

A

Latissimus dorsi

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9
Q

2 groups of muscles from atlas/basiocciptal or form cervical vertebrae to scapular spine in amniotes

A

Levator scapulae

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10
Q

From cervical and thoracic vertebrae to dorsal border of scapula in crocodillians and mammals

A

Rhomboideus group

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11
Q

From ribs to dorsal border of scapula

Fixes the scapula.

A

Serratus ventralis (anterior)

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12
Q

Derived from fish cucullaris

May be divided into several components depending on its attachment to scapula:
Cleidotrapezius/acromiotrapezius/spinotrapezius/

Innervated by CN XI

A

Trapezius

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13
Q

Nectarus extrinsic limb muscles : [4]

A

Latissimus dorsi
Scapular deltoid
Supracoracoideus
Pectoralis

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14
Q

Originates from thoracic cage and sternum

Inserts on humerus

Major adductor of forelimb

A

Pectoral complex

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15
Q

Pectoralis: major, minor

Descendants: pectoantebrachialis

Xiphihumeralis

A

Components of pectoral muscle

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16
Q

Increase in size of latissimus dorsi
Increase in size of pectoralis complex
Supracoracoideus of amphibians and reptiles:
In mammals, surpraspinatus and infraspinatus

A

Trends in evo. Of pectoral muscles

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17
Q

Forearm adductors

Powerful flight muscles in birds

Note that supracorocoid is an intrinsic muscle in mammals

A

Pectoralis and supracoracoideus

Ventral group

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18
Q

Where does the supraspinatus and infraspinatus in mammals come from?

A

Supracoracoideus of amphibians and reptiles

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19
Q

Suspends the body btw the scapular blades in tetrapods

A

Scapular sling

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20
Q

3 muscles of scapular sling

A

Serratus ventralis

Levator scapulae

Rhomboids

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21
Q

From rib cage to medial border of scapula

Salamander: thoraciscapularis

A

Serratus ventralis

Anterior

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22
Q

From scapula to posterior skull

A

Lavator scapulae

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23
Q

Upper vertebrae to dorsal-medial border of scapula

A

Rhomboids

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24
Q

4 muscles of the rotator cuff:

A

Supraspinatus

Infrspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

[SITS]

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25
Composed of four muscles whose tendons of insertions form a "cuff" around the head of the humerus. Involved in snubbing [major function] and rotating head of humerus.
Rotator cuff [SITS]
26
Muscle attachments on scapula ( posterior view) | [6]
``` Infraspinatus Teres major Teres minor Supraspinatus Triceps-long head Deltoid ```
27
Muscle attachments on scapula ( anterior view)
Subscapularis Serratus anterior Suprascapular notch
28
What muscle isn't a part of rotator cuff?
Teres MAJOR
29
Levator scapulae and rhomboids are involved in what movement?
Elevation
30
Latissimus dorsi is involved in what movement?
Depression
31
What muscles involved in abduction of scapula?
Serratus anterior
32
What muscles involved in abduction of shoudler
Middle deltoid and | Biceps branchii assists...
33
What muscle involved in adduction of scapula?
Middle trapezius
34
What muscles involved in adduction of shoulder?
Pectoralis major and lat. Dorsi.
35
What muscles in upward rotation of scapula?
Serrated anterior and upper and lower trapezius (force couple)
36
What muscles involved in downward motion of scapula?
Rhomboids and elevator scapulae
37
Deltoid complex in salamanders
Scapulodeltoid Procoracohumeralis [teres minor in human] Supracoracoideus [supraspinatus and infraspoinatus in mammals]
38
Major arm abductor Arises from pectoral girdle Inserts on humerus. Single muscle in humans w/ multiple functions
Deltoid
39
What muscles make up deltoid?
Clavodeltoid Spinodeltoid Acromiodeltoid
40
Gluteus maximus Action: Hip extension and lateral rotation Rising, climbing, running
Muscles of posterior gluteal compartment
41
Glueteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fascia latae Action: Hip adbduction w/ free-swinging limb
Lateral gluteal compartment
42
What separates the gluteal medius and minimus?
Theyre separated by superior gluteal nerve
43
Six external rotators:
``` Piriformis Superior gemellus Obturator internus Inferior gemellus Obturator externus Quadratus femoris ``` Not req'd
44
Limb musculature can be best studied from the _______ approach
Compartmental
45
Limb segments can be divided into
Compartments
46
What separates the compartments?
Fibrous CT sepate
47
Brachial compartments:
Anterior and posterior
48
Humeroantebrachialis in salamanders in human-->
Brachialis
49
One joint flexor muscle in anterior brachial compartment:
Brachialis
50
Major forearm extensor muscle is the
triceps
51
Muscles involved in wrist and digit flexion:
Antebrachial anterior muscles
52
Wrist and digit extension
Antebrachial posterior muscles
53
Muscles that flex and extend the wrist and digits
Forearm muscles
54
Muscles that allow fine movements of the hand
Palmar retinaculum Palmar aponeurosis Palm muscles of hands
55
Structures passing through carpal tunnel Nerve?
Long flexor tendons: 9 And median nerve
56
4 small narrow elongated muscles of the hand. Each arises from the radial side of a flexor digititorum profundus tendon. Flex MCP joints extend IP joints Help w. Proprioception
Lumbricals
57
Muscle complex gluteal complex that abducts thigh....in reptile:
Iliotibialis
58
Quad complex ; thigh flexor in lower limbs...in reptiles :
Rectus femoris
59
Rectus femoris and vasti....lateralis,medius,tc. To reptile:
Femorotibialis
60
Obturatus internus in human to what in reptiles ?
Ischiotrochantericus
61
Obturator externus in human to reptile:
Pubioischiofemoralis
62
Quadratus femoris in human to reptile:
Piriformis
63
Muscles that make up adductor complexes:
Adductors
64
Role of adductors:
Stability to keep ppl upright
65
Gracilous in ppl to reptile:
Puboischiotibialis
66
Semitendinosus and semimembranous in mammals to reptile:
Tibialis externus and internus
67
Sartorius in mammals to reptile:
Ambiens
68
Quadrceps in mammals to reptile:
Iliotibialis and femorotibialis
69
Puboischiofemoralis is homologous with which 2 muscles in reptile:
Iliacus Psoas
70
Adductors are homologous w/
adductors
71
Deep posterior leg muscles
Popliteus Flexor hallucis Longus Tibialis posterior
72
Superficial posterior leg muscles
Medial and lateral gastronemius Soleus
73
Anterior muscles of leg
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Peroneus tertius Extensor hallucis longus
74
Lateral muscles of the leg
Peroneus longus and | Peroneus Brevis
75
Leg muscle now referrreed to as fibularis
Peroneus