[2] Lecture 14: Appendicular Muscle

Question 1

Muscles that arise on axial skeleton or trunk fascia and insert on the girdle or limb

Begin development from blastemas w/in the body wall

Answer 1

Extrinsic appendicular muscles

Question 2

Muscles that arise on a girdle or limb element and insert more distally

Develop from blastemas from w/in the limb

Answer 2

Intrinsic appendicular muscles

Question 3

Note that the intrinsic blastemas originate in the ________ and are innervated by motor fibers from somatic column of spinal cord.

Answer 3

Somites

Question 4

Lat Dorsi 
Levator scapulae 
Serratus ventralis 
Rhomboideus 
Trapiezius 
Sternomastoid

Answer 4

Exmaples of extrinsic muscles

Question 5

Biceps
Triceps complex
Digit extensores and flexor….etc.

Answer 5

Muscles intrinsic appendicular

Question 6

Dorsal group and ventral groups make up:

Answer 6

Extrinsic pectoral muscles

Question 7

Most constant dorsal extrinsic appendicular muscle in tetrapods:

Answer 7

Latissiumus dorsi

Question 8

Major derivative is teres major

Answer 8

Latissimus dorsi

Question 9

2 groups of muscles from atlas/basiocciptal or form cervical vertebrae to scapular spine in amniotes

Answer 9

Levator scapulae

Question 10

From cervical and thoracic vertebrae to dorsal border of scapula in crocodillians and mammals

Answer 10

Rhomboideus group

Question 11

From ribs to dorsal border of scapula

Fixes the scapula.

Answer 11

Serratus ventralis (anterior)

Question 12

Derived from fish cucullaris

May be divided into several components depending on its attachment to scapula:
Cleidotrapezius/acromiotrapezius/spinotrapezius/

Innervated by CN XI

Answer 12

Trapezius

Question 13

Nectarus extrinsic limb muscles : [4]

Answer 13

Latissimus dorsi
Scapular deltoid
Supracoracoideus
Pectoralis

Question 14

Originates from thoracic cage and sternum

Inserts on humerus

Major adductor of forelimb

Answer 14

Pectoral complex

Question 15

Pectoralis: major, minor

Descendants: pectoantebrachialis

Xiphihumeralis

Answer 15

Components of pectoral muscle

Question 16

Increase in size of latissimus dorsi
Increase in size of pectoralis complex
Supracoracoideus of amphibians and reptiles:
In mammals, surpraspinatus and infraspinatus

Answer 16

Trends in evo. Of pectoral muscles

Question 17

Forearm adductors

Powerful flight muscles in birds

Note that supracorocoid is an intrinsic muscle in mammals

Answer 17

Pectoralis and supracoracoideus

Ventral group

Question 18

Where does the supraspinatus and infraspinatus in mammals come from?

Answer 18

Supracoracoideus of amphibians and reptiles

Question 19

Suspends the body btw the scapular blades in tetrapods

Answer 19

Scapular sling

Question 20

3 muscles of scapular sling

Answer 20

Serratus ventralis

Levator scapulae

Rhomboids

Question 21

From rib cage to medial border of scapula

Salamander: thoraciscapularis

Answer 21

Serratus ventralis

Anterior

Question 22

From scapula to posterior skull

Answer 22

Lavator scapulae

Question 23

Upper vertebrae to dorsal-medial border of scapula

Answer 23

Rhomboids

Question 24

4 muscles of the rotator cuff:

Answer 24

Supraspinatus

Infrspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

[SITS]

Question 25

Composed of four muscles whose tendons of insertions form a "cuff" around the head of the humerus. Involved in snubbing [major function] and rotating head of humerus.

Answer 25

Rotator cuff [SITS]

Question 26

Muscle attachments on scapula ( posterior view) | [6]

Answer 26

``` Infraspinatus Teres major Teres minor Supraspinatus Triceps-long head Deltoid ```

Question 27

Muscle attachments on scapula ( anterior view)

Answer 27

Subscapularis Serratus anterior Suprascapular notch

Question 28

What muscle isn't a part of rotator cuff?

Answer 28

Teres MAJOR

Question 29

Levator scapulae and rhomboids are involved in what movement?

Answer 29

Elevation

Question 30

Latissimus dorsi is involved in what movement?

Answer 30

Depression

Question 31

What muscles involved in abduction of scapula?

Answer 31

Serratus anterior

Question 32

What muscles involved in abduction of shoudler

Answer 32

Middle deltoid and | Biceps branchii assists...

Question 33

What muscle involved in adduction of scapula?

Answer 33

Middle trapezius

Question 34

What muscles involved in adduction of shoulder?

Answer 34

Pectoralis major and lat. Dorsi.

Question 35

What muscles in upward rotation of scapula?

Answer 35

Serrated anterior and upper and lower trapezius (force couple)

Question 36

What muscles involved in downward motion of scapula?

Answer 36

Rhomboids and elevator scapulae

Question 37

Deltoid complex in salamanders

Answer 37

Scapulodeltoid Procoracohumeralis [teres minor in human] Supracoracoideus [supraspinatus and infraspoinatus in mammals]

Question 38

Major arm abductor Arises from pectoral girdle Inserts on humerus. Single muscle in humans w/ multiple functions

Answer 38

Deltoid

Question 39

What muscles make up deltoid?

Answer 39

Clavodeltoid Spinodeltoid Acromiodeltoid

Question 40

Gluteus maximus Action: Hip extension and lateral rotation Rising, climbing, running

Answer 40

Muscles of posterior gluteal compartment

Question 41

Glueteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fascia latae Action: Hip adbduction w/ free-swinging limb

Answer 41

Lateral gluteal compartment

Question 42

What separates the gluteal medius and minimus?

Answer 42

Theyre separated by superior gluteal nerve

Question 43

Six external rotators:

Answer 43

``` Piriformis Superior gemellus Obturator internus Inferior gemellus Obturator externus Quadratus femoris ``` Not req'd

Question 44

Limb musculature can be best studied from the _______ approach

Answer 44

Compartmental

Question 45

Limb segments can be divided into

Answer 45

Compartments

Question 46

What separates the compartments?

Answer 46

Fibrous CT sepate

Question 47

Brachial compartments:

Answer 47

Anterior and posterior

Question 48

Humeroantebrachialis in salamanders in human-->

Answer 48

Brachialis

Question 49

One joint flexor muscle in anterior brachial compartment:

Answer 49

Brachialis

Question 50

Major forearm extensor muscle is the

Answer 50

triceps

Question 51

Muscles involved in wrist and digit flexion:

Answer 51

Antebrachial anterior muscles

Question 52

Wrist and digit extension

Answer 52

Antebrachial posterior muscles

Question 53

Muscles that flex and extend the wrist and digits

Answer 53

Forearm muscles

Question 54

Muscles that allow fine movements of the hand

Answer 54

Palmar retinaculum Palmar aponeurosis Palm muscles of hands

Question 55

Structures passing through carpal tunnel Nerve?

Answer 55

Long flexor tendons: 9 And median nerve

Question 56

4 small narrow elongated muscles of the hand. Each arises from the radial side of a flexor digititorum profundus tendon. Flex MCP joints extend IP joints Help w. Proprioception

Answer 56

Lumbricals

Question 57

Muscle complex gluteal complex that abducts thigh....in reptile:

Answer 57

Iliotibialis

Question 58

Quad complex ; thigh flexor in lower limbs...in reptiles :

Answer 58

Rectus femoris

Question 59

Rectus femoris and vasti....lateralis,medius,tc. To reptile:

Answer 59

Femorotibialis

Question 60

Obturatus internus in human to what in reptiles ?

Answer 60

Ischiotrochantericus

Question 61

Obturator externus in human to reptile:

Answer 61

Pubioischiofemoralis

Question 62

Quadratus femoris in human to reptile:

Answer 62

Piriformis

Question 63

Muscles that make up adductor complexes:

Answer 63

Adductors

Question 64

Role of adductors:

Answer 64

Stability to keep ppl upright

Question 65

Gracilous in ppl to reptile:

Answer 65

Puboischiotibialis

Question 66

Semitendinosus and semimembranous in mammals to reptile:

Answer 66

Tibialis externus and internus

Question 67

Sartorius in mammals to reptile:

Answer 67

Ambiens

Question 68

Quadrceps in mammals to reptile:

Answer 68

Iliotibialis and femorotibialis

Question 69

Puboischiofemoralis is homologous with which 2 muscles in reptile:

Answer 69

Iliacus Psoas

Question 70

Adductors are homologous w/

Answer 70

adductors

Question 71

Deep posterior leg muscles

Answer 71

Popliteus Flexor hallucis Longus Tibialis posterior

Question 72

Superficial posterior leg muscles

Answer 72

Medial and lateral gastronemius Soleus

Question 73

Anterior muscles of leg

Answer 73

Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Peroneus tertius Extensor hallucis longus

Question 74

Lateral muscles of the leg

Answer 74

Peroneus longus and | Peroneus Brevis

Question 75

Leg muscle now referrreed to as fibularis

Answer 75

Peroneus