2. More on the Immune Response Flashcards Preview

- Cells and the Immune System - A -Level Biology > 2. More on the Immune Response > Flashcards

Flashcards in 2. More on the Immune Response Deck (10)
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1
Q

What is a cellular response?

A

The T-cells and other immune system cells that they interact with eg phagocytes, form the cellular response.

2
Q

What is a humoral response?

A

B-cells, clonal selection and the production of monoclonal antibodies form the humoral response.

3
Q

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

A

Its the folding of the amino acid chain into the protein’s 3D shape.

4
Q

What is the primary immune response?

A

Antigen enters the body for the first time it activates the immune system.
Its slow because there aren’t many B-cells that can make the antibody needed to bind to it.
Eventually body will produce enough of the right antibody to overcome infection.
Meanwhile patient shows symptoms of disease.

5
Q

In the primary response what happens after being exposed to the antigen?

A

Both T- and B-cells produce memory cells.

6
Q

What do the memory cells do in the primary response?

A

They remain in the body for a long time.
Memory T-cells remember the specific antigen and will recognise it the 2nd time.
Memory B-cells record the specific antibodies needed to bind the antigen.
Person is now immune.

7
Q

What is the secondary immune response?

A

If the same pathogen enters the body again, the immune system will produce a quicker, stronger immune response.
Clonal selection happens faster.
Memory B-cells activate and divide into plasma cells that produce right antibody to the antigen.

8
Q

What do the memory T-cells do in the secondary immune response?

A

Activate and divide into correct type of T-cells to kill the cell carrying the antigen.
This response often gets rid of the pathogen before you begin to show any symptoms.

9
Q

What does being immune mean?

A

You may be infected by the pathogen again it just means if it gets into your body a second time your immune system quickly kills it before you get ill.

10
Q

The secondary response only happens if…

A

Its the same pathogen.

If its a different pathogen you just get another primary response.