2. Organic definitions

Question 1

Functional group

Answer 1

The part of the organic molecule responsible for the chemical reactions.

Question 2

Homologous series

Answer 2

a series of organic compounds with the same functional group , each with an extra CH2

Question 3

Hydrocarbon

Answer 3

Molecule with just H and C

Question 4

Parent chain

Answer 4

The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is the parent chain.

Question 5

saturated

Answer 5

hydrocarbon with only single bonds

Question 6

unsaturated

Answer 6

hydro carbon with at least 1 double bond

Question 7

alicyclic

Answer 7

hydrocarbon thats in a ring structure

Question 8

aliphatic

Answer 8

a straight chain hydrocarbon

Question 9

structural isomerism

Answer 9

molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structural arrangement of atoms

Question 10

Addition polymerisation

Answer 10

The process in which unsaturated alkene monomers add on to a growing polymer chain one at a time to form a very long saturated molecular chain.

Question 11

Addition reaction

Answer 11

A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule

Question 12

Atom economy

Answer 12

= mr of desired/ total mr of all products x 100

Question 13

Cis-trans -isomerism

Answer 13

A special type of E/Z isomerism in which there is a non hydrogen group and hydrogen on each C of the C=C double bond. cis has the H atoms on the same size (Z)

Question 14

E/z isomerism

Answer 14

a type of Stereoisomerism in which different groups attached to each carbon of a C=C double bond mar be arranged in space because of the restricted rotation,

Question 15

electophile

Answer 15

Accepts a pair of e- to form a covelant bond

Question 16

Monomer

Answer 16

A small molecule that can combine to form a polymer

Question 17

biodegradable

Answer 17

a substance that is broken down naturally in the environment by living organisms

Question 18

% yield

Answer 18

actual amount of product/theoretical amount x 100

Question 19

Pi bond

Answer 19

The reactive part of the double bond, formed from laterally overlapped p-orbitals

Question 20

Sigma bond

Answer 20

The unreactive part of the double bond

Question 21

Polymer

Answer 21

A long molecule chain built up of monomers

Question 22

Stereoisomerism

Answer 22

Stereoisomers are isomeric molecules that have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution), but that differ only in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space.

Question 23

Nucleophile

Answer 23

A nucleophile is a chemical species that donates an electron pair to an electrophile to form a chemical bond

Question 24

radical

Answer 24

a radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired valence electrons.

Question 25

substitution reaction

Answer 25

A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom/group of atoms

Question 26

homolytic fission

Answer 26

The breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming two radicals

Question 27

heterolytic fission

Answer 27

The breaking of a covalent bond with both of the bonded e- going to one atom forming a cation and an anion

Question 28

primary alcohol

Answer 28

OH group bonded to a C which is bonded to 1 other alkyl group

Question 29

secondary alcohol

Answer 29

OH group bonded to a C which is bonded to 2 other alkyl group

Question 30

tertiary alcohol

Answer 30

OH group bonded to a C which is bonded to 3 other alkyl group

Question 31

volatility

Answer 31

The ease at which a liquid turns into a gas . Volatility increases as bp decreases

Question 32

elimination reaction

Answer 32

The removal of a molecule from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule.

Question 33

reflux

Answer 33

The continuous boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure the reaction takes place with out losing anything.

Question 34

oxidation

Answer 34

loss of H or addition of O

Question 35

esterification

Answer 35

The reaction of an alcohol with a carbooxylic acid to produce an ester and water.