2 - Probability Flashcards
(18 cards)
What does P(A|B) equal for independent events?
P(A)
What does a Venn diagram represent?
It graphically represents events
What is the range of probabilities for any event?
Between 0 and 1
What is an experiment in probability?
A repeatable process that gives rise to a number of outcomes.
What is an event in probability?
A collection of outcomes.
If outcomes are equally likely, how do you calculate the probability of an event? (Equation)
(Number of outcomes in the event) / (Total number of possible outcomes)
What does the set notation ∩ represent?
Intersection
What does the set notation ∪ represent?
Union
What does A’ represent?
Not A (complement)
What does n(A) represent?
The number of outcomes in the event A
What does P(A) represent?
The probability that the event A occurs
Define mutually exclusive events.
Events that have no outcomes in common. P(A ∩ B) = 0 and P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B)
Define independent events
When one event has no effect on another. P(A ∩ B) = P(A) × P(B)
What is conditional probability?
The probability of an event can change depending on the outcome of a previous event.
What does P(B|A) mean?
The probability that B occurs given that A has already occurred.
What is the formula for conditional probability?
P(B|A) = P(B ∩ A) / P(A)
What is the addition formula for probability?
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)
What is the multiplication rule for conditional probability?
P(A ∩ B) = P(B|A) × P(A)
