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RBT > 2 Star Difficulty > Flashcards

2 Star Difficulty Flashcards

1
Q

Which is an example of a soft skill?
a) Compassion
b) Objectivity
c) Cynicism
d) Pragmatism

A

a) Compassion
(2A)

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2
Q

Which of the following is the best resource for keeping updated on the field of ABA?
a) Facebook pages
b) Parent testimonials
c) Television shows
d) Journal articles

A

d) Journal articles
(2A)

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3
Q

When receiving feedback which of the following should be done?
a) Talking to others about the feedback
b) Following through on making changes
c) Personalizing the feedback
d) Following through on some of the feedback

A

b) Following through on making changes
(2A)

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4
Q

When receiving feedback which of the following should be avoided?
a) Talking to others about the feedback
b) Seeking clarification
c) Changing based on the feedback
d) Taking feedback personally

A

d) Taking feedback personally
(2A)

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5
Q

Critical thinking important to intervention for individuals diagnosed with ASD to ensure that:
a) the RBT is competent
b) best procedures are being implemented
c) intervention is always effective
d) intervention is always efficient

A

b) best procedures are being implemented
(2A)

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6
Q

When using a progressive approach to conditioning reinforcers, one variable the RBT should evaluate is the learner’s:
a) non-verbal or verbal behaviour
b) non-verbal behaviour
c) verbal behaviour
d) non-verbal and verbal behaviour

A

d) non-verbal and verbal behaviour
(4D)

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7
Q

Watching others access stimuli contingent upon a response best describes which of the following?
a) Reinforcement pairing
b) Stimulus pairing
c) Observational pairing
d) Discriminative pairing

A

c) Observational pairing
(4D)

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8
Q

Presenting a previously neutral stimulus with an established reinforcer best describes which of the following?
a) Discriminative pairing
b) Reinforcement pairing
c) Stimulus pairing
d) Observational pairing

A

c) Stimulus pairing
(4D)

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9
Q

What is the potential problem with using candy as a reinforcer?
a) Age inappropriate
b) Unhealthy
c) Costly
d) Ineffective for most

A

b) Unhealthy
(4D)

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10
Q

What was the analogy of the history of punishment that the presenter used?
a) Rollercoaster
b) Merry-go round
c) Carousel
d) Pendulum

A

d) Pendulum
(5B)

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11
Q

The effectiveness of punishment was first evaluated in which type of research?
a) Applied
b) Basic
c) Clinical
d) Social

A

b) Basic
(5B)

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12
Q

Defining a behaviour in observable terms is known as which of the following?
a) Topography definition
b) Functional definition
c) Operational definition
d) Subjective definition

A

c) Operational definition
(6B)

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13
Q

This type of definition describes changes in the environment related to the behaviour.
a) progressive
b) subjective
c) functional
d) topographical

A

c) functional
(6B)

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14
Q

Why is an operational definition important?
a) It results in more accurate scoring of behaviour.
b) It permits measurement of social validity.
c) To determine the experimental design.
d) To not be a pseudoscience.

A

a) It results in more accurate scoring of behaviour.
(6B)

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15
Q

The primary behavioural principle responsible for the effectiveness of time-out is which of the following?
a) Reinforcement
b) Punishment
c) Shaping
d) Prompting

A

b) Punishment
(7C)

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16
Q

An essential component of time-out is ensuring which of the following?:
a) High quality time-in
b) High quality punisher
c) Established stimulus control
d) Good prompting system

A

a) High quality time-in
(7C)

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17
Q

Which type of time out best describes when the learner is completely removed from the environment?
a) Exclusionary
b) Environmental
c) Non-exclusionary
d) Non-environmental

A

a) Exclusionary
(7C)

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18
Q

Which type of time out best describes when the learner is not removed from the environment?
a) Exclusionary
b) Environmental
c) Non-exclusionary
d) Non-environmental

A

c) Non-exclusionary
(7C)

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19
Q

What is one challenge associated with the implementation of time out?
a) Moral considerations
b) Creates worse behaviour
c) Not effective
d) Ethical considerations

A

d) Ethical considerations
(7C)

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20
Q

Which best describes a procedure that involves a stimulus that signals the availability of reinforcement for engaging in appropriate behaviour and is removed for engaging in inappropriate behaviour?
a) Overcorrection
b) Extinction
c) Time-in
d) Time-out

A

c) Time-in
(7D)

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21
Q

Which is one advantage of the time-in procedure?
a) Provides a prompt for the teachers/therapists
b) Is always effective
c) Is easy to implement
d) Provides a useful teaching strategy

A

a) Provides a prompt for the teachers/therapists
(7D)

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22
Q

Time-in could be implemented with which?:
a) Students with expressive language
b) Students with motor skills
c) Any student
d) Only students in a school setting

A

c) Any student
(7D)

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23
Q

Which of the following is one of Pryor’s 10 Laws of shaping?
a) Measure behaviour using trial by trial data
b) Use food reinforcers to change behaviour
c) Always conduct a preference assessment
d) Train one behaviour at a time

A

d) Train one behaviour at a time
(8A)

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24
Q

What is one possible danger with taking too small of steps while shaping?
a) Behaviour falters
b) Boredom
c) Difficult to measure
d) Inconsistent reinforcement

A

b) Boredom
(8A)

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25
Q

What is one possible danger with taking too large of steps while shaping?
a) Difficult to measure
b) Behaviour falters
c) Inconsistent reinforcement
d) Boredom

A

b) Behaviour falters
(8A)

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26
Q

Which of the following interventions is commonly associated with naturalistic teaching?
a) Discrete trial teaching
b) Teaching interaction procedure
c) Natural language paradigm
d) Stimulus equivalence

A

c) Natural language paradigm
(9C)

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27
Q

What is a common characteristic of naturalistic teaching?
a) Only language based
b) Child and teacher initiated
c) Teacher initiated
d) Child initiated

A

d) Child initiated
(9C)

28
Q

The mand-model is commonly associated with which?
a) Applied verbal behaviour
b) Lovaas method
c) Pivotal Response Training
d) Early Start Denver Model

A

a) Applied verbal behaviour
(9C)

29
Q

Touching a picture of pizza only results in reinforcement after the instruction, “touch pizza” is provided describes which type of discrimination?
a) Simple
b) Complex
c) Conditional
d) Motivation

A

c) Conditional
(10C)

30
Q

Which type of discrimination is occurring when touching a picture of pizza always results in reinforcement?
a) Simple
b) Complex
c) Conditional
d) Motivation

A

a) Simple
(10C)

31
Q

This term is commonly used to describe providing reinforcement in the presence of one stimulus but not in the presence of another.
a) Stimulus training
b) Selectivity training
c) Discrimination training
d) Generalization training

A

c) Discrimination training
(10C)

32
Q

When a stimulus delta is presented a particular response is:
a) less likely to occur
b) unchanged
c) punished
d) more likely to occur

A

a) less likely to occur
(10C)

33
Q

This refers to a condition in which the rate, latency, duration or amplitude of a response is altered in the presence of a stimulus
a) Stimulus generalization
b) Stimulus class
c) Stimulus selectivity
d) Stimulus control

A

d) Stimulus control
(10C)

34
Q

Supplemental consequences should be:
a) faded overtime
b) never faded
c) avoided at all costs
d) always faded

A

a) faded overtime
(11B, might not be on exam)

35
Q

“Because I told you so” is an example of which of the following?:
a) Faulty rationale
b) Good rationale
c) Blanket rationale
d) Adult rationale

A

d) Adult rationale
(11B, might not be on exam)

36
Q

A meaningful rationale can:
a) provide self-instructions for the learner
b) result in faulty stimulus control
c) provide a plan for the learner
d) result in stimulus overselectivity

A

a) provide self-instructions for the learner
(11B, might not be on exam)

37
Q

Which of the following is a prerequisite for using the Teaching Interaction Procedure?
a) Complex reasoning
b) Sustained attending
c) High levels of expressive language
d) Limited aberrant behaviours

A

b) Sustained attending
(11B, might not be on exam)

38
Q

Which of the following is one potential benefit of the Teaching Interaction Procedure?
a) Easy to implement
b) Effective for all learners
c) Facilitates independence
d) Not time consuming

A

c) Facilitates independence
(11B, might not be on exam)

39
Q

Which of the following is a core component that makes the Teaching Interaction Procedure differ from others?
a) Reinforcement
b) Task analysis
c) Label
d) Rationale

A

d) Rationale
(11B, might not be on exam)

40
Q

Every instance of behaviour occurs during across some duration of time (i.e. the duration of behaviour can be measured) is known as which of the following?
a) Countability
b) Repeatability
c) Temporal locus
d) Temporal extent

A

d) Temporal extent
(13A)

41
Q

Every instance of behaviour occurs at a certain point in time with respect to other events (i.e. when behaviour occurs can be measured) is known of which of the following?
a) Countability
b) Repeatability
c) Temporal locus
d) Temporal extent

A

c) Temporal locus
(13A)

42
Q

This term is used to describe when environmental variables are actively manipulated, and the effect of those manipulations on the behaviour of interest is measured.
a) Independent variable
b) Dependent variable
c) Confounding variable
d) Functional variable

A

a) Independent variable
(13A)

43
Q

This term is used to describe what is measured when environmental variables are actively manipulated.
a) Independent variable
b) Dependent variable
c) Confounding variable
d) Functional variable

A

b) Dependent variable
(13A)

44
Q

This term refers to when a change in the behaviour of interest is due to the intervention and no other variables.
a) Meaningful improvement
b) Functional control
c) Efficiency
d) Socially validity

A

b) Functional control
(13A)

45
Q

Defining behaviour in observable terms is known as of which of the following?
a) Interobserver reliability
b) Treatment fidelity
c) Measurement system
d) Operational definition

A

d) Operational definition
(13A)

46
Q

Within this type of measurement every instance of behaviour is counted.
a) Frequency
b) Duration
c) Estimation
d) Interval

A

a) Frequency
(13B)

47
Q

Which of the following is one disadvantage of frequency measurement?
a) Time consuming
b) To precise
c) Representative change
d) Unreliable

A

a) Time consuming
(13B)

48
Q

Scoring if a behaviour occurred during any portion of an interval is known as which?
a) Whole interval recording
b) Momentary time sampling
c) Partial interval recording
d) Estimation data

A

c) Partial interval recording
(13B)

49
Q

Partial interval recording commonly
a) underestimates most behaviour, but overestimates low frequency behaviour
b) overestimates most behaviour, but underestimates low frequency behaviour
c) underestimates most behaviour, but overestimates high frequency behaviour
d) overestimates most behaviour, but underestimates high frequency behaviour

A

d) overestimates most behaviour, but underestimates high frequency behaviour
(13B)

50
Q

Scoring if a behaviour occurs at a specific moment in time is known as which?
a) Partial interval recording
b) Momentary time sampling
c) Estimation data
d) Whole interval recording

A

b) Momentary time sampling
(13B)

51
Q

Momentary time sampling commonly
a) underestimates behaviour
b) overestimates and underestimates behaviour
c) overestimates behaviour
d) neither overestimates or underestimates behaviour

A

b) overestimates and underestimates behaviour
(13B)

52
Q

Scoring only if a behaviour occurred during an entire interval is known as which of the following?
a) Partial interval recording
b) Whole interval recording
c) Estimation data
d) Momentary time sampling

A

b) Whole interval recording
(13B)

53
Q

Within this data collection system, a learner’s response is scored on every trial.
a) Estimation
b) Latency
c) Trial-by-trial
d) Interval

A

c) Trial-by-trial
(13B)

54
Q

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of trial-by-trial data?
a) Not predictive
b) Not easily trained
c) Inaccurate
d) Slows teaching

A

d) Slows teaching
(13B)

55
Q

This refers to measuring the time between an environmental event and a behaviour (e.g. the time between the instruction and the response).
a) Interval data
b) Estimation data
c) Task analysis data
d) Latency data

A

d) Latency data
(13B)

56
Q

Using a completed math sheet as data would be an example of which type of data?
a) Permanent product
b) Latency data
c) Estimation data
d) Interval data

A

a) Permanent product
(13B)

57
Q

When using estimation data, the technician uses:
a) duration estimates
b) frequency estimates
c) a Likert scale
d) rate of responding

A

c) a Likert scale
(13B)

58
Q

Which of the following should be done to prepare for collecting data?
a) Be trained in discrete trial teaching
b) Be trained in data collection procedures
c) Know the function of behaviour
d) Know the insurance goals

A

b) Be trained in data collection procedures
(13C)

59
Q

When two observers agree on the occurrence or non-occurrence of a behaviour it is known as which?
a) Accuracy
b) Drift
c) Reliability
d) Validity

A

c) Reliability
(13C)

60
Q

This refers to a phenomenon in which behavioural definitions gradually change overtime.
a) Validity
b) Therapist
c) Student reactivity
d) Observer drift

A

d) Observer drift
(13C)

61
Q

Typically developing children can learn language through which of the following?
a) Friends, parents and television
b) Parents
c) Friends
d) Television

A

a) Friends, parents and television
(14D)

62
Q

Which of the following is the best reason to use communication temptations?
a) Teaching semantics
b) Teaching pragmatics
c) Teaching power of language
d) Teaching conversational flow

A

c) Teaching power of language
(14D)

63
Q

Which of the following is a concern with trying multiple treatments?
a) Reduction in intensity of intervention
b) Parent dissatisfaction with the intervention
c) Learner dissatisfaction with the use of multiple treatments
d) Dangers associated with collaboration outside of behaviour analysis

A

a) Reduction in intensity of intervention
(16A)

64
Q

Which one of the following would not be considered a gift?
a) Gift card
b) Cup of tea
c) Jewelry
d) Money

A

b) Cup of tea
(16A)

65
Q

Promoting quick and high levels of success is a hallmark of which?
a) Pseudoscience
b) Science
c) Antiscience
d) Empirical support

A

a) Pseudoscience
(16A)

66
Q

Repeated demonstrations are a hallmark of which?
a) Pseudoscience
b) Science
c) Antiscience
d) Artistry

A

b) Science
(16A)

67
Q

Which of the following are the three prongs of evidence based practices?
a) Epidemiological evidence, clinical expertise, and patient/client values
b) Single subject evidence, clinical expertise, and patient/client values
c) Group design evidence, clinical expertise, and patient/client values
d) Best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient/client values

A

d) Best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient/client values
(16A)

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