2) States of Matter

Question 1

What are aqueous solutions?

Answer 1

Substances dissolved in water

Question 2

What process turns gas into liquid?

Answer 2

Condensation

Question 3

What process turns liquid into solid?

Answer 3

Freezing

Question 4

What is condensation?

Answer 4

When a gas is cooled to its boiling point

Question 5

What are mixtures made of?

Answer 5

2 or more substances that haven’t been chemically combined

Question 6

What techniques can separate mixtures?

Answer 6

Crystallisation
Chromotography
Filtration

Question 7

How does filtration separate mixtures?

Answer 7

Mixture poured through filter paper
Insoluble solid trapped
Liquid runs through paper

Question 8

How does crystallisation separate mixtures?

Answer 8

Heat mixture so solvent evaporates
Crystals of solute form
Collect solvent by condendsation as it evaporates

Question 9

What is a solvent?

Answer 9

A liquid

Question 10

What is a solute?

Answer 10

A dissolved solid

Question 11

How does chromotography separate mixtures?

Answer 11

Dip bottom of paper into suitable solvent
Solvent moves up paper and carries the solutes with it
Solutes separate on paper

Question 12

Why do different solutes separate at different places on chromotography paper?

Answer 12

Different solutes move at different speeds

Question 13

What is crystallisation used to do?

Answer 13

Separate solutions into their different parts

Question 14

What is chromotography used to do?

Answer 14

Separate solutions with a number of different solutes

Question 15

What is filtration used to do?

Answer 15

Separate mixtures of insoluble solids and liquids

Question 16

What is distillation used to do?

Answer 16

Separate mixtures of liquids

Question 17

What are the 2 types of distillation?

Answer 17

Simple distillation

Fractional distillation

Question 18

What is simple distillation?

Answer 18

Heating mixture until lower boiling point liquid boils

Water vapour passes through condenser

Question 19

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 19

1) Heating mixture slowly until lower boiling point liquid boils and condenses
2) Continue to increase temperature to collect the other fractions

Question 20

How do boiling points of pure substances and mixtures differ?

Answer 20

Pure substances melt or boil at sharp temperatures

Mixtures melt or boil over a range of temperatures

Question 21

What are pure substances?

Answer 21

Substances containing only one element or compound

Question 22

What are formulations?

Answer 22

Mixtures of chemicals that are designed to create useful products

Question 23

What are examples of formulations?

Answer 23

Fuels
Metal alloys
Fertilisers
Medicines

Question 24

Why must the quantity of component’s in formulations be monitored precisely?

Answer 24

To ensure the formulation does as it is supposed to

Question 25

What are the 3 steps for treating waste or groundwater?

Answer 25

Sedimentation Filtration Chlorination

Question 26

How is seawater trated?

Answer 26

Distillation to leave behind salt and other waste

Question 27

What is distilled water?

Answer 27

Water containing no other ions or molecules

Question 28

What is potable water?

Answer 28

Drinking water

Question 29

How do impurities affect the melting and boiling points of samples?

Answer 29

Decreased melting point | Increased boiling point

Question 30

What are the 2 phases of chromotography?

Answer 30

Mobile phase | Stationary phase

Question 31

What can be said about the components that travel the furthest up chromotography paper?

Answer 31

They are highly soluble in the solvent

Question 32

What is the equation for Rf values?

Answer 32

distance travelled by substance / disatnce travelled by solvent

Question 33

What is a reference substance in chromotography?

Answer 33

A pure sample ran next to the tested substance to see if it's a component in the mixture

Question 34

What does chromotrography result in the production of?

Answer 34

Chromotograms

Question 35

What are the stages of the chromotography practical?

Answer 35

1) Horizontal pencil line near bottom of paper 2) Place food colourings on start line along unknown subsatnces 3) Place paper in beaker with a small volume of solvent 4) Wait for solvent to travel near top of paper 5) Compare unknown spot to food colourings to identify