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2 Terms Flashcards

Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole (143 cards)

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1
Q

process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids

A

anabolism

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2
Q

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

A

catabolism

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3
Q

structure surrounding and protecting the cell; determines what enters and leaves the cell

A

cell membrane

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4
Q

rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes

A

chromosomes

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5
Q

46 (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 (individual, unpaired)

A

chromosomes

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6
Q

all of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

chemical found within each chromosome; arranged like a sequence of recipes in code; directs the activities of the cell

A

DNA

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8
Q

network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell; place where large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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9
Q

regions of DNA within each chromosome

A

genes

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10
Q

picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell; chromosomes arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure

A

karyotype

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11
Q

total of the chemical processes in a cell

A

metabolism

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12
Q

includes catabolism and anabolism

A

metabolism

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13
Q

structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (miniature “power plants”) for the cell; catabolism occurs here

A

mitochondria

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14
Q

control center of the cell; contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell

A

nucleus

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15
Q

which system contains the following organs:

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines (small and large), liver, gallbladder, pancreas

A

digestive

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16
Q

which system contains the following organs:

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

A

urinary or excretory

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17
Q

which system contains the following organs:

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

A

respiratory

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18
Q

which system contains the following organs:
female- ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
male- testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

A

reproductive

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19
Q

which system contains the following organs:

thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands

A

endocrine

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20
Q

which system contains the following organs:

brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves

A

nervous

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21
Q

which system contains the following organs:

heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland

A

circulatory

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22
Q

which system contains the following organs:

muscles, bones, and joints

A

musculoskeletal

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23
Q

which system contains the following organs:

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands; eye, ear, nose, and tongue

A

skin and sense organs

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24
Q

collection of fat cells

A

adipose tissue

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25
flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joint; forms part of the external ear and the nose; rings of this surround the trachea
cartilage
26
skin cells that cover the outside of the body line the internal surfaces of organs
epithelial cells
27
specialist in the study of tissues
histologist
28
voice box; located at the upper part of the trachea
larynx
29
throat; serves as the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea)
pharynx
30
endocrine gland at the base of the brain
pituitary gland
31
endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck
thyroid gland
32
windpipe (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes)
trachea
33
one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder
ureter
34
tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
urethra
35
womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops
uterus
36
internal organs
viscera
37
which cavity contains the following organs: | brain, pituitary gland
cranial
38
which cavity contains the following organs: | lungs, heart, esophagus, trahea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta
thoracic
39
body cavity divided into two smaller cavities: the pleural cavity and the mediastinum
thoracic
40
which cavity contains the following organs: surrounded by the peritoneum; contains the kidneys, stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
abdominal
41
which cavity contains the following organs: portions of the small and large intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters; uterus and vagina in the female
pelvic
42
which cavity contains the following organs: | nerves of the spinal cord
spinal
43
space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines
abdominal cavity
44
another name for the abdominal cavity
abdomen or peritoneal cavity
45
space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull
cranial cavity
46
muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavitites; moves up and down and aids in breathing
diaphragm
47
pertaining to the back
dorsal (posterior)
48
centrally located space outside of and between the lungs
mediastinum
49
space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs
pelvic cavity
50
double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity
peritoneum
51
attaches abdominal viscera to muscles, functions as a protective membrane (containing blood vessels and nerves) around the organs
peritoneum
52
double-folded membrane surrounding each lung
pleura
53
space between the pleural layers
pleural cavity
54
space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord
spinal cavity (spinal canal)
55
space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs
thoracic cavity
56
pertaining to the front
ventral (anterior)
57
list the divisions of the back
``` cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal ```
58
5 bones are fused to form this one bone
sacrum
59
a small bone composed of four fused pieces
coccyx
60
list the abdominopelvic regions
``` hypochondriac, epigastric, lumbar, umbilical, inguinal, hypogastric ```
61
number of abdominopelvic regions
6
62
number of abdominopelvic quadrants
4
63
number of back divisions
5
64
list the abdominopelvic quadrants
right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ)
65
abdominopelvic region: | right and left upper regions beneath the ribs
hypochondriac
66
abdominopelvic region: | middle upper region above the stomach
epigastric
67
abdominopelvic region: | right and left middle regions near the waist
lumbar
68
abdominopelvic region: | central region near the navel
umbilical
69
abdominopelvic region: | right and left lower regions near the groin
inguinal (iliac)
70
abdominopelvic region: | middle lower region below the umbilical region
hypogastric
71
back division: | neck region
cervical (C1 to C7)
72
back division: | chest region
thoracic (T1 to T12)
73
back division: | loin (waist) region
lumbar (L1 to L5)
74
back division: | region of the sacrum
sacral (S1 to S5)
75
back division: | region of the coccyx (tailbone)
coccygeal
76
single backbone
vertebra
77
backbones
vertebrae
78
bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
spinal column
79
nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
spinal cord
80
pad of cartilage between vertebrae
disk (disc)
81
front surface of the body
anterior (ventral)
82
away from the surface
deep
83
far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure
distal
84
vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
frontal (coronal) plane
85
below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body
inferior (caudal)
86
pertaining to the side
lateral
87
pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body
medial
88
back surface of the body
posterior (dorsal)
89
lying on the belly (face down, palms down)
prone
90
near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure
proximal
91
lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides
sagittal (lateral) plane
92
plane dividing the body into right and left halves
midsagittal plane
93
on the surface
superficial
94
above another structure; pertaining to the head
superior (cephalic)
95
lying on the back (face up, palms up)
supine
96
horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions
transverse (axial) plane
97
abdomin/o
abdomen
98
adip/o
fat
99
anter/o
front
100
cervic/o
neck (of the body or of the uterus)
101
chondr/o
cartilage (type of connective tissue)
102
chrom/o
color
103
coccyg/o
coccyx (tailbone)
104
crani/o
skull
105
cyt/o
cell
106
dist/o
far, distant
107
dors/o
back portion of the body
108
hist/o
tissue
109
ili/o
ilium (upper part of the pelvic bone)
110
inguin/o
groin
111
kary/o
nucleus
112
later/o
side
113
lumb/o
lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis)
114
medi/o
middle
115
nucle/o
nucleus
116
pelv/i
pelvis
117
poster/o
back, behind
118
proxim/o
nearest
119
sacr/o
sacrum
120
sarc/o
flesh
121
spin/o
spine, backbone
122
thel/o, theli/o
nipple
123
thorac/o
chest
124
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
125
umbilic/o
navel, umbilicus
126
ventr/o
belly side of the body
127
vertebr/o
vertebra(e), backbone(s)
128
viscer/o
internal organs
129
ana-
up
130
cata-
down
131
epi-
above
132
hypo-
below
133
inter-
between
134
intra-
within
135
meta-
change
136
-eal
pertaining to
137
-iac
pertaining to
138
-ior
pertaining to
139
-ism
process, condition
140
-ose
pertaining to, full of
141
-plasm
formation
142
-somes
bodies
143
-type
picture, classification

HLT 143 (29 decks)

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