20

Question 1

The Oral Mucosa is divided into 3 parts

Answer 1

Masticatory
Lining
Specialized

Question 2

This mucousa divison overlies the bone, made up of stratified squamous epithelium (kertainzed and parakertainized), CT and bone

Answer 2

Masticatory Mucosa

Question 3

This mucosa division lines soft things, made up of stratified squamous non kertainzed, CT, Glands and Skeletal muscle

Answer 3

Lining Mucosa

Question 4

This mucosa layer lines the dorsal 2/3 of the tongue. Made up of lining mucosa, papillae and taste buds

Answer 4

Specialized Mucosa

Question 5

How many papillae types are present on the tongue and name them

Answer 5

4 types:
Fungiform, Circumvallate, Filiform, and Foilate papillae

Question 6

What is a unique feature of the tongue

Answer 6

has skeletal muscle in 3 planes of orientation

Question 7

apart of the mucosa, highly cellular connective tissue (usually loose) may contain glands

Answer 7

Lamina Propria

Question 8

apart of the mucosa, thin layer of smooth muscle, present from esophagus to anal canal

Answer 8

Muscularis Mucosae

Question 9

apart of the digestive tract structure, loose CT containing large blood vessels and nerves, and sometimes glands may be present

also contains Meissners Nerve plexus – involved in gland secretion

Answer 9

SubMucosa

Question 10

apart of the digestive tract structure, smooth muscle layers, arranged in an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layer

contains auerbachs nerve plexus – regulates smooth muscle contraction (motility)

Answer 10

Muscularis Externae

Question 11

the outermost part of the digestive tract structure made up of CT and simple squamous epithelium

Answer 11

Adventitia and Serosa

Question 12

This is identified by its stratified squamous epithelium (nonkertainzed) with a muscularis mucosa

Answer 12

ESOPHAGUS

Question 13

Unique muscle structure of esophagus

Answer 13

first 1/3 = skeltal muscle (voluntary swallow
middle 1/3 mix of skeltal and smooth
last 1/3 smooth muscle = automatic swallowiong

Question 14

Esophageal Varices are due to

Answer 14

long standing portal hypertension
dilated tortuous veins in the submucosa and mucosa of esophage

Question 15

This pathology of the esophagus is due to a complication of chronic acid reflux
Distal esophageal cells undergo a metaplastic change from stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium
cells can become dysplastic

Answer 15

BARRETS esophagus

Question 16

the stomach has longitudal folds of mucosa and submucosa which usually disappear when stomach is full =

Answer 16

RUGAE

Question 17

What are the 3 regions the stomach is divided into and what is the division based on

Answer 17

Based on type of glands
Cardiac = secretes mucous
Fundic or Gastric = secrete acid/digestive enzymes
Pyloric secrete mucus

Question 18

3 cell types in the fundic/gastric gland of esophagus

Answer 18

Parietal cells – secrete HCl and intrinsic factor (acidophilic)
Chief Cells – secrete pepsinogen – acidophillic
Enterorendocrine cells = hiiden, neutral crest dervived cells, endocrine/paracrine secreting cells

Question 19

Cells present in Pyloric Gland

Answer 19

Mucuous cells and enteroendocrine

Question 20

if you see simple columnar next to stratified squamous epithelium of esophagus THINK

Answer 20

CARDIAC STOMACH

Question 21

if you see flat top with NO VILLI
simple columnar epithelium with clear mucus secreting cells that are NOT goblet cells
many small mucosal glands extending down into lamina propria CT

ID =

Answer 21

Stomach ID

Question 22

if you see simple columnar colorful fun glands with parietal, cheif cells filling the mucosa
THE ID =

Answer 22

fundic stomach

Question 23

if you se simple columnar, no goblets
Pits are long
slight difference in appearance of gland cells from surface and pit cells
ID =

Answer 23

pyloric stomach

Question 24

this pathology is defined as a breach in the mucosa extending through the various stomach layers
most common in the stomach and duodenum where large amounts of acid are present

Answer 24

STOMACH ULCER

Question 25

this stomach pathology is inflammation of the stomach mucosa

Answer 25

GASTRITIS

Question 26

Modifications of small intestine to INC surface area for absoprtion (4)

Answer 26

Plicae Virculares = permanent folds of mucosa and submucosa Villi = fingerlike projections Crypts of Lieberkuhn = intestinal glands -- downward invaginations continous with villi in mucosa Microvilli = striated border

Question 27

Brunner Glands are found where and do what

Answer 27

in the duodenum in submucosa and help neutralize acidic chyme

Question 28

Where are peyers patches found and what are they

Answer 28

in the ilieum and are lymph nodes

Question 29

these cells found in the small intestine secrete lysozyme antibacterial (acidophilic)

Answer 29

PANETH cells in CRYPTS

Question 30

an atrophy or reduction in the number of vili present in small intestines causes this small intestine pathology =

Answer 30

MALABSORPTION syndromes

Question 31

chronic idiopathic inflammatory (skin lesions) bowel disease that typically affects illeum or colon thickened rigid wall and narrow lumen

Answer 31

Crohns disease

Question 32

remenant of vitelline duct = connection of yolk sac to midgut --> illeum results in bleeding obstruction and perforation

Answer 32

meckels diverticulum

Question 33

if you see flat top with glands -- no paneth cells simple columnar epithellium with many goblet cells the ID =

Answer 33

large intestine

Question 34

part of large intestine 3 bands of outer longitudinal muscle layers

Answer 34

taenia coli

Question 35

histological transition from rectum of large intestine to anal canal to anus

Answer 35

simple columnar epithelium --> stratified squamous nonkertainized --> kertainized

Question 36

uncommon tumor from neural crest -- secretes serotonin, gastric, SST, histamine

Answer 36

Carcinoid Tumors -- appendix pathology

Question 37

chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease of mucosa and submucosa in colon and rectum paneth cells appear in crypts (usually only present in small intestine) abscesses form in crypts --> mucosa destroyed --> does not reform completely ...

Answer 37

ULCERATIVE COLITIS -- can lead to colon cancer

Question 38

obstruction of blood flow to large and small intestine 1-4 days later --> intestinal bacteria --> gangrene and perforation of bowel

Answer 38

ischemic bowel disease

Question 39

loss of enteric neurons in a section of colin

Answer 39

toxic megacolon = hirschsprungs disease can lead to gangrene and obstruction