Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Final > 20. Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

20. Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the control center of the ANS?

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The ANS projects to the sympathetic NS in ________ parasympathetic ganglia in the ________

A

T1-L2/L3

Brainstem and S2-S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Afferent components of the ANS carry sensory information from _______ to the CNS

A

Organs/tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does the ANS infleunce cardiopulm function

A

Regulates rate and depth of respiration

Regulates the diameter of bronchial lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blood glucose and electrolytes are monitored where?

A

IN hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stretch receptors are found in the ___________

pressure receptors are found in the ________

A

Veins, bladder, intenstines

Aorta, carotid sinus, lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 4 kinds of receptors that the ANS uses?

A

Mechanoreceptors

chemoreceptors

nociceptors

thermoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does the ANS regulate homeostasis

A

-Cardiopulm

-metabolism

-regulate body temp

-regulate autonomic responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Visceral Nociceptive afferents connect with somatic efferents to cause __________

A

Muscle guarding in skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the fx of the solitary nucleus

A

viseral input converges onto solitary nucleus in medulla. (synapse point)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Afferents of the ANS enter the CNS through what part of the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal Root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The medulla regulates vitals through autonomic efferents and the ____

A

Vagus N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The Medulla regulates what vitals?

Pons?

A

Medulla- HR, Respiration, Vasoconstrict/dilation

Pons- Only respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most visceral input to the thalamus is through the ________ to the cerebral cortex areas

A

Limbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Whats the role of the thalamus/hypothalamus/limbic system in the ANS?

A

Modulate brainstem (medulla/pons)

Hypothalamus- Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Norepinephrine is found inside of ___________

Whereas epinephrine is only found ____________

A

Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons

Only in andrenal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

All presynaptic neurons in the CNS use what neurotransmitter receptor?

A

ACh

Note: only SOME postganglionic neurons in the PNS use ACH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the enteric nervous system?

A

Lies within the gut for peristalsis and GI secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Neurons from CNS to ganglion are preganglionic, also called

Neurons from Ganglion to effector organ are called postganglionic, AKA

A

A-beta fibers

C fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Somatic efferent pathways use ______ neuron(s) in the peripheral system and autonomic efferent pathways have ______ neuron(s) with synapse outside the CNS

A

1

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic NS have cell bodies where?

A

Inside of the lateral horn in T1-L2/3

(note: they exit through ventral nerve root to spinal nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which type of fibers travel farther? Pre-ganglionic or post-ganglionic

A

Post ganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is there a 1 neuron connection within the sympathetic nervous system?

A

1 neuron connection directly to adrenal medulla

the rest use 2 neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Difference between mid/thoracic and upper lumbar vs. the upper thoracic SNS?

A

Midthoracic and upper lumbar nerves travel through the sympathetic trunk

upper thoracic nerves synapse inside of sympathetic trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

SNS tracts to the periphery and thoracic viscera synapse where?

A

Paravertebral ganglia (sympathetic trunk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

SNS tracts to the pelvic/abdominal organs synapse where?

A

prevertebral ganglia (close to the organs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Sympathetic efferents to the head originate in the ________ and synapse in the ________

A

Hypothalamus

Upper T Spine

29
Q

What is the MAIN function of the SNS?

A

promote optimal circulation to organs

30
Q

Increases SNS activity _______ vessels, lessened SNS activity ________ vessels

A

constricts

dilates

31
Q

How does the SNS prepare for vigorous exercise?

A

vasodilation to active muscles

vasoconstriction to gut and skin

32
Q

How is the ANS important for a sit to stand?

A

Sympathetic nervous system constricts vessels to allow for adequate control of blood pressure and prevent orthostatic hypertension

33
Q

T or F: Parasympathetic NS dilates blood vessels

A

False, it doesn’t directly control blood vessel diameter, only the sympathetic NS does this.

34
Q

Which nervous system is fight or flight

which is rest and digest?

A

Symp- Fight or flight

Para - rest and digest

35
Q

Does the PNS have an interconnected ganglia chain like the sympathetic NS?

A

No

36
Q

Where are the 2 neuronal pathways of the PNS found?

A

Brainstem and Sacral cord.

37
Q

Which cranial nerves are associated with the parasympathetic NS?

A

3, 7 , 9, 10

Basically anything with eyelid, anything with swallowing

38
Q

Nucleus ambiguus is associated with what 2 cranial nerves?

A

9,10

39
Q

From the lateral horn of the sacral SC, the axons travel in the splanchnic nerves to ____________ and _______________

A

Bowel/Bladder and genitalia

40
Q

the parasympathetic nervous system ______ the pupils

the sympathetic nervous system ________ the pupils

A

constricts

dilates

41
Q

the parasympathetic nervous system _______ the airways

the sympathetic nervous system ________ the airways

A

constricts

dilates

42
Q

Which nervous system stimulates peristalsis?

A

Parasympathetic

43
Q

What are examples of bodily systems that receive a balanced input from sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

Thoracic/abdominal viscera + Bowel/bladder + pupil

44
Q

Sympathetic nervous system is not opposed in what systems? (Not countered by parasympathetic output)

A

Controlling effectors in limbs, face, bodywall, raising eye lid

45
Q

Where is parasympathetic NS acting unopposed?

A

Increasing the convexity of the eye

46
Q

Where is the breathing rhythm generator found?

A

Anterior medulla

Note: balances calm vs arousal

47
Q

What is the Locus Coeruleus for?

A

arousal, alertness, anxiety

48
Q

What can inhibit the locus coeruleus and decrease anxiety/arousal

A

slow breathing can allow subgroups of neurons from the breathing rhythm generator in the medulla to inhibit the LC

49
Q

During freezing in the fight or flight response, what is activated?

A

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic’

note: bradycardia, immobility, combined with heightened alertness to pepare for action

50
Q

What is the purpose of freezing (fight or flight)

A

to optimize perception of threat and select action

51
Q

During freezing, first the __________ recognizes the threat and sends info to the ________ and anterior medulla to stimulate ____________

A

amygdala

hypothalamus

sympathetic NS

note: this is only 1 part, the Amygdala also activates the parasymp through another pathway

52
Q

During freezing the amygdala activates the parasympathetic NS which communicates with the ________ causing ________ to reduce heart rate and inhibit medulla and skeletal muscle contractions

A

Midbrain

CN 10 (Vagus N)

53
Q

Once fight/flight starts _______ decreases and ___________ increases

A

parasymp

symp

54
Q

Horners syndrome

A

lesion of sympathetic pathway to face

ipsilateral ptosis (drooping eyelid)

miosis (pupil consrict)

Redness

Sweating

55
Q

What can cause horner syndrome?

A

Damage to preganglionic nerve in upper thoracic SC, superior cervical ganglion, or cervical sympathetic trunk

56
Q

horner syndrome can be a side effect due to what

A

stellate ganglion chemical block used to treat complex regional pain syndrome

57
Q

Peripheral nerve injuries can damage sympathetic efferents causing….

A

problems with circulation, temp control, sweating, causing skin changes

58
Q

Complete injuries in the ___________ impair B/B function and sexual function

A

Lumbar SC

59
Q

Autonomic dysreflexia is caused by injuries above what level?

A

T5/T6

note: life threatening condition

60
Q

What is autonomic dysreflexia?

A

Irritatant below level of lesion causes ascending sympathetic response that cannot be inhibited for balanced BP control.

heightened sympathetic response causes rapid BP increase

61
Q

With autonomic dysreflexia you have _____ blood pressure and _______ heart rate

A

increased BP

Decreased HR

62
Q

What should you do in the case of autonomic dysreflexia

A

Induce orthostatic hypotension (to reduce BP)

Check for irritant

call for help

63
Q

Brainstem injuries vs cerebral injuries

A

Brainstem - impaired efferent control of vitals, dysfunction of CN nucei (pupil, tears, saliva, control of viscera)

Cerebral injuries- Damage to hypothalamus interferes with homeostasis with metabolic and behavioral impairments

64
Q

Orthostatic hypotension definition

A

decrease of 20mmHG or 10mmHG diastolic during 1st 3 mins of upright posture

note: pooling of blood in lower limbs and abdomen causes decreased cardiac output and BP

65
Q

How can a SCI cause orthostatic hypotension

A

disruption of descending signals from medulla to sympatheitc preganglionic nerves prevents vasoconstriction

66
Q

autonomic degen disorders like ________ can cause orthostatic hypotension

A

parkinson’s

67
Q

How can peripheral neuropathies cause orthostatic hypotension

A

damage to peripheral nerves interupt signals from SC to effectors that go to blood vessels

68
Q

What is neural reflexive syncope

A

sympathetic overactivity caused by emotional distress, pain, pressure on carotid sinus causing strong heart contractions and activating CN10

medulla inhibits sympathetic nervous system to allow vasodilation and stimulates CN 10 to reduce HR (Vasovagal syncope)

Neuro Final (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions