Flashcards in 20 - The Endocrine Glands Deck (47)
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1
-Suspended by stalk from hypothalamus at base of brain
-prolactin secretion controlled by prolactin inhibitory factor
-thyroid stimulating hormone stimulates release of prolactin and thyroid hormones
Pituitary Gland
2
Growth hormone
Prolactin
TSH
ACTH
LH
Anterior Pituitary Lobe Hormones
3
TSH
Thyroid - stimulating hormone
4
ACTH
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
5
FSH
Follicle stimulating hormone
6
LH
Luteinizing hormone
7
ADH
Oxytocin
Posterior Pituitary Lobe hormones
8
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone - causes more concentrated urine
9
stimulates uterine contractions and milk production
oxytocin
10
-deficiency of growth hormone
-causes retarded growth and development
pituitary dwarfism
11
diabetes insipidus
-failure of posterior lobe to secrete ADH or failure of kidney to respond to ADH
-unable to absorb water
-causes excretion of large amounts of diluted urine
-may be caused by a pituitary tumor
12
growth hormone overproduction
-caused by pituitary adenoma
-causes gigantism in children
-causes acromegaly in adults
13
prolactin overproduction
-result from small pituitary adenoma
-causes amenorrhea and galactorrhea
14
galactorrhea
secretion of milk by breast not associated with pregnancy or normal lactation
15
amenorrhea
absence of menstrual cycle
16
tumor that produces hormones that cause clinical manifestations
functional tumors
17
tumor that does not produce hormones but exerts other effects
nonfunctional tumors
18
-controls rate of metabolic processes
-required for normal growth and development
actions of the thyroid gland
19
-rapid pulse
-increased metabolism
-hyperactive reflexes
-emotional lability
-GI effect: diarrhea
-warm, moist skin
Hyperthyroidism
20
-slow pulse
-decreased metabolism
-sluggish reflexes
-placid and phlegmatic
GI effect: constipation
-cold, dry skin
hypothyroidism
21
-thyroid gland enlarges to increases hormone secretion
Causes:
-inadequate hormone output
-iodine deficiency
-enzyme deficiency
-inefficient enzyme function
-increased hormone requirements
Treatment: administer thyroid hormone; may need surgical removal
Nontoxic Goiter
22
hyperthyroidism
-toxic goiter or graves disease
-caused by antithyroid antibody that stimulates gland
-mimics effects of TSH but not subject to normal control mechanisms
Treatment:
-antithyroid drugs, thyroidectomy, large doses of radioactive iodine
23
hypothyroidism in adults
-myxedema
-causes metabolic slowing
-treatment: administration of thyroid hormone
24
hypothyroidism in an infant
-cretinism
-causes impaired growth and CNS development
-causes hypometabolism
-early diagnosis and treatment required for normal development
25
-auntoantibody destroys thyroid tissue
-results in hypothyroidism
-an immunologic reaction, not infection
-cellular infiltration from an immunologic reaction between antigen and antibody
Hashimoto Thyroiditis (or Chronic Thyroiditis)
26
Parathyroid glands actions
regulates calcium level
-blood calcium level is in equilibrium with calcium in the bone
27
low calcium in the blood causes...
tetany, increased neuromuscular excitability causing spasm of skeletal muscle
28
high calcium in blood causes...
lowered neuromuscular excitability
29
-usually from a hormone-secreting parathyroid adenoma
hyperparathyroidism
30
