22 - The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(19 cards)
direct formation of bone by osteoblasts without prior formation of a cartilage model
intramembranous bone formation
formation of bone as, first, a cartilage model that is then reabsorbed and converted into bone
endochondral bone formation
achondroplasia
- faulty endochondral bone formation
- imparied growth of extremities and formation of skull bones
- causes dwarfism with disproportionately short limbs
congenital malposition of foot. in most common type, foot is turned inward at ankle and heel is elevated.
clubfoot (talipes)
- young, middle aged, female
- systemic disease with major effects in joints
- ingrowth of inflammatory tissue over cartilage
- affects small joints of hands and feet
- autoantibody against gamma globulin
Rheumatoid arthritis
- adult, older persons, both genders
- wear and tear degeneration of articular cartilage
- affects major weight-bearing joints
osteoarthritis
- middle aged, male
- disturbance of purine metabolism; uric acid and crystals in joints
- affects small joints; joint at base of big toe often affected
gout
simple fracture
bone broken in only two pieces
comminuted fracture
bone shattered into many pieces
compound fracture
overlying skin is broken with potential for infection
pathologic fracture
fracture through a diseased area in the bone
osteomyelitis
- infection of bone and adjacent marrow cavity as a result of bacteria
- mostly in children
- in adults, infection may spread to joints
chondrosarcoma
malignant tumor of cartilage
osteosarcoma
malignant tumor of bone forming cells
generalized thinning and demineralization of entire skeletal system
- most common in postmenopausal women
- loss of estrogen accelerates rate of bone reabsorption
osteoporosis
When the lower part of the sternum is displaced posteriorly, sometimes called “funnel chest”, which is a relatively common abnormality occurring in about 1 in 300-400 white males less often in white females and other ethnic groups.
Pectus excavatum
A relatively common disease when connective tissue fibers are constructed from a precursor protein called fibrillin, and a mutation of the gene coding for fibrillin (FBN 1) gives rise to a group of abnormalities grouped together.
Marfan Syndrome
Acetylcholine
A chemical secreted by nerve endings that activates neurons or muscle cells
Myasthenia gravis
An autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal fatigueability of muscle and caused by an autoantibody that damages the acetylcholine receptors at the myoneural junction
