Flashcards in 22 - The Musculoskeletal System Deck (19)
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1
direct formation of bone by osteoblasts without prior formation of a cartilage model
intramembranous bone formation
2
formation of bone as, first, a cartilage model that is then reabsorbed and converted into bone
endochondral bone formation
3
achondroplasia
-faulty endochondral bone formation
-imparied growth of extremities and formation of skull bones
-causes dwarfism with disproportionately short limbs
4
congenital malposition of foot. in most common type, foot is turned inward at ankle and heel is elevated.
clubfoot (talipes)
5
-young, middle aged, female
-systemic disease with major effects in joints
-ingrowth of inflammatory tissue over cartilage
-affects small joints of hands and feet
-autoantibody against gamma globulin
Rheumatoid arthritis
6
-adult, older persons, both genders
-wear and tear degeneration of articular cartilage
-affects major weight-bearing joints
osteoarthritis
7
-middle aged, male
-disturbance of purine metabolism; uric acid and crystals in joints
-affects small joints; joint at base of big toe often affected
gout
8
simple fracture
bone broken in only two pieces
9
comminuted fracture
bone shattered into many pieces
10
compound fracture
overlying skin is broken with potential for infection
11
pathologic fracture
fracture through a diseased area in the bone
12
osteomyelitis
-infection of bone and adjacent marrow cavity as a result of bacteria
-mostly in children
-in adults, infection may spread to joints
13
chondrosarcoma
malignant tumor of cartilage
14
osteosarcoma
malignant tumor of bone forming cells
15
generalized thinning and demineralization of entire skeletal system
-most common in postmenopausal women
-loss of estrogen accelerates rate of bone reabsorption
osteoporosis
16
When the lower part of the sternum is displaced posteriorly, sometimes called "funnel chest", which is a relatively common abnormality occurring in about 1 in 300-400 white males less often in white females and other ethnic groups.
Pectus excavatum
17
A relatively common disease when connective tissue fibers are constructed from a precursor protein called fibrillin, and a mutation of the gene coding for fibrillin (FBN 1) gives rise to a group of abnormalities grouped together.
Marfan Syndrome
18
Acetylcholine
A chemical secreted by nerve endings that activates neurons or muscle cells
19
