Lecture 8

Question 1

What are the subsystems of speech production?

Answer 1

Neural

respiratory

laryngeal

articulatory

Question 2

What are the structures of the airway system?

Answer 2

upper airway larynx lower airway

Question 3

What are the functions of the upper airway?

Answer 3

warms air humidifies air filters the air conducts air to the lung (enterance) speech articulation- resonance

Question 4

What are the structures of the upper airway?

Answer 4

oral cavity nasal cavity pharyngeal cavity

Question 5

What is in in the oral cavity?

Answer 5

mouth lips teeth tongue

Question 6

Why is the nose the preferred breathing method?

Answer 6

becasue it filter the air and warms the incoming air –> warms it through membranes that line the nose and contain lots of blood vessels

Question 7

What is included in the Pharyngeal cavity?

Answer 7

nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx

Question 8

What are the functions of the larynx?

Answer 8

to act as a valve to protect the airway throacic fixation: in teh lungs and in the abdominal cavity used for bodily functions such as urination, defacation, child birth and vomiting speech phonation, allows for phonation

Question 9

What are the structures of the larynx?

Answer 9

cartilage muscle

Question 10

What are the functions of the lower airway

Answer 10

filters the air site of gas exchange power source for spech via build up of sbuglottal pressure

Question 11

What are the structures in the lower airway?

Answer 11

trachea

bonchi and bronchioles

alveoli

lungs

pleura

Question 12

where does the trachea branch into the bronchi?

Answer 12

at the carina

Question 13

What are pseudostriatified ciliated columnar epithelium?

Answer 13

cilia beat down quickly and slow upward at about 10/sec coninuously in motion these rid us of accumulated mucous, particles and dust –gets things ot the larynx then we can then cough it up

Question 14

what do the bronchi and bronchioles do?

Answer 14

give us flexibility and motion ot maintain our airway extends from the trachea into the alveoli of the lungs impomplete carilaginous rings of decreasing diameter with increasinly more smooth muscles forms an arborized tree lik system

Question 15

What are bronchi?

Answer 15

larger diameter passages outside and immediately inside the lungs

Question 16

What are the bronchioles?

Answer 16

they appear after abou thte 24th division of the bronchi inside the lungs they get smaller and smaller in diameter with greater and greater surface area they have less and aless cartilage and more and more smc ending at the terminal bronchioles they (bronchioles) communicate with the alveolar air sacs

Question 17

What are the two types of Alveoli?

Answer 17

Type I - this is the epitheolial cell lining Type II- these produce surfactant which reduces the surface tension of fluids in teh alveoli

Question 18

What are the phagocyte cells

Answer 18

they destroy and break down debris

Question 19

Are the lungs made of active or inactive tissue?

Answer 19

inactive tissue

Question 20

How many lobes does the right side of the lung have? How many lobes does the left side of the lung have?

Answer 20

Right = 3 Left =2

Question 21

What is the top of the lungs called? What is the bottm of the lungs called?

Answer 21

Top = Apex Bottom = Base

Question 22

What are pleural membranes?

Answer 22

they encase the lungs in a moist (serous), airtight membrane that adheres to the lungs and one adheres to the chest wall

Question 23

What is the visceral (pulmonary) pleura

Answer 23

lines the outside of the lungs

Question 24

What is the parietal (costal) pleura

Answer 24

attached to the chest wal/ rib cage

Question 25

What is the visceral pleura

Answer 25

attached to the outside of the lungs, outside surface of lung continuous with parietal pleura

Question 26

What is trauma to the lungs called?

Answer 26

pneumothorax

Question 27

What does the pleural linkage do?

Answer 27

Connects the visceral and parietal pleura due to surface tension of the fluid in the intrapleural space and negative intrapleural pressure

keeps lungs from deflating

lungs move with the chest wall in motion