Lecture 19

Question 1

What are these structures?

Answer 1

A. membranous glottis

B. Cartilaginous glottis

Question 2

Glottal Configurations

Answer 2

A Quiet Breathing

B. Forced inhalation

C. Normal phonation

D. whisper

Question 3

Cover-Body Theory

Introduced by?

Parts

Idea to remember?

Answer 3

Hirano, 1974

cover: squamous epithelium superficial layer lamina propria
transition: intermediate layer and deep layer of lamina propria = vocal ligament
body: thyrovocalis portion of thyroarytenoid muscle

**for vocal fold vibration it is important to keep in mind that the body and the cover will have different vibratory characteristics

Question 4

What part of the larynx does CN V innervate?

(trigeminal nerve)

Answer 4

anterior belly of the digastricus, mylohoid

Question 5

What part of the layrnx does CN VII innervate?

(facial nerve)

Answer 5

posterior belly of the digastricus, stylohoid

Question 6

What does CN XII innervate?

(hypoglossal nerve)

Answer 6

geniogyoid, thyrohyoid

Question 7

What do spinal vervs C1-C3 innervate?

Answer 7

sternohyoid, omohyoid and sternothyroid

Question 8

What are CN X and XI branches of and where do they provide sensory innervation?

Answer 8

braches of ISLN (internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve)

sensory innervatio to mucous membrans of vestibule(additus), pharynx, base of tongue, soft palate, larynx (down tot he vocal folds) and epiglottis

Question 9

Where does teh ISLN enter through?

Answer 9

the hyothyroid membrane

Question 10

What does the ESLN do?

Answer 10

CT motor control

Question 11

What does RLN do?

Answer 11

all intrinsic motor control except CT

Question 12

Label

A

B

C

Answer 12

A right recurrent laryngeal nerve

B. Superior laryngeal nerve

C. Left recurrent Laryngeal nerve

Question 13

What is the myloelastic aerodynamic theory?

Answer 13

Muscle + elasticity + airflow/pressure = vocal fold vibration

–Vocal folds are adducted by coordinated contraction of LCA and IA that places folds at midline

– –Pressure builds up below the vocal folds relative to above the vocal folds

– –Pressure becomes sufficient to overcome the medial compression of the folds and blows them apart as air flows through the folds.

– –Resultant aerodynamic effects and elastic recoil forces of the vocal folds returns the folds to the midline

Question 14

What is opening phase?

Answer 14

percentage of time the vocal folds are in the act of opening during one vocal cycle - 50%

Question 15

What is closing phase?

Answer 15

equal percentage of time the vocal folds are in the act of closing during one vocal cycle

37%

Question 16

What is closed phase?

Answer 16

percentage of time the vocal folds remain closed during one vocal cycle and no air is escaping through the glottis

13%

Question 17

What are the none muscular forces that will bring vocal folds back to midline?

Answer 17

elasticity of tissue

bernoulli effect