2009 module exam

Question 1

A person with blood group A received blood from someone with blood group B. what will likely happen?

Answer 1

B antigens of the donor blood will react with anti-B antibodies of the recipient blood

Question 2

Which of the following is activated in cases of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia?

a.
b.
c. Antibodies

Answer 2

c. Antibodies

Question 3

What are involved in type II hypersensitivity?

Answer 3

Complement, antibodies, natural killers

Question 4

A patient with a damage to his terminal ileum will suffer from which type of anemia?

a.
b. B12 deficiency
c. Folate

Answer 4

b. B12 deficiency

Question 5

A patient with a damage to his terminal ileum will suffer from which type of anemia?

Answer 5

B12 deficiency

Question 6

A 27-year-old male showed lymphadenopathy. PBS showed large binucleated cells. What could cause this?

Answer 6

EBV

Question 7

What is used to activate stem cell mobilization for transplantation?

Answer 7

G-CSF

Question 8

A patient showed signs of jaundice and pallor. Low Hb, low WBC, Low platelets, and hepatosplenomegaly. What must be noticed?

Answer 8

Increased reticulocyte count

Question 9

For the previous question, what is a characteristic of this condition?

Answer 9

Increased urinary Urobilinogen

Question 10

What is the correct order of the stages of hematopoiesis?

Answer 10

Yolk sac, liver, placenta, bone marrow

this is wrong, the placenta has nothing to do with it

Question 11

An old man was seen to have prostate cancer. CBC showed low WBC, low Hb, low platelets. What is the leading cause?

Answer 11

Bone marrow hypoplasia

Question 12

A patient showed hepatosplenomegaly and cervical lymphadenopathy. CBC showed high WBC, low platelets, low Hb. What is the cause?

Answer 12

Chronic lymphoid leukemia

Question 13

Which of the following is a negative regulator of hemoglobin affinity for O2?

Answer 13

2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate

Question 14

A 55-year-old female presented with 1 month of history of fever and weight loss. CT scan showed mesenteric lymphadenopathy. Lymph node biopsy showed back-to-back follicles. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 14

Follicular lymphoma

Question 15

What is the translocation in Follicular lymphoma?

Answer 15

BCL-2 rearrangement

Question 16

A 45-year-old male presented with upper abdominal pain. WBC is normal, low Hb, low MCV, low MCH, high PLT. What is the cause?

Answer 16

Fe++ deficiency

Question 17

Which of the following could be a genetic abnormality of patients with CML?

Answer 17

Abnormal tyrosine kinase activation

Question 18

What characterize naturally occurring antibodies in the ABO system?

Answer 18

IgM

Question 19

Which test is done to check for the absence of serum antibodies?

Answer 19

Indirect coomb’s test

Question 20

Which protein will be decreased if HJV protein is mutated?

Answer 20

Hepcidin

Question 21

A patient showed leukocytosis and basophilia. What condition is related to this?

Answer 21

CML

Question 22

A 40-year-old male developed DVT. His PT, APTT, and TT were all abnormal. What is the cause?

Answer 22

Anti-thrombin deficiency

Question 23

A 17-year-old boy with hematoma and bruises on his body. Coagulation profile shows prolonged APTT. What is the cause?

Answer 23

Factor VIII deficiency

Question 24

A 30-year-old male works in a petrol station with low Hb, low WBC, low platelets, and fever. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 24

Acute myeloid leukemia

Question 25

Teenage girl with generalized ecchymosis and petechial rash. Normal Hb and WBC, and low platelets.

Answer 25

Immune-mediated thrombocytopenic purpura

Question 26

Patient has fever and gum bleeding. He was diagnosed with E.Coli. he showed hepatosplenomegaly. Which test is performed to diagnose the patient?

Answer 26

D-Dimer

Question 27

What is essential in the homing process in transplanted stem cells?

Answer 27

Adhesion molecules

Question 28

What is a physiologically important molecule in coagulation in adhesion?

Answer 28

vWF

Question 29

a patient with prolonged APTT that was not corrected by normal plasma shows

Answer 29

antiphopholipid antibodies

Question 30

A 16-year-old boy with a history of malaise, fever, difficulty swallowing, and hepatosplenomegaly. CBC showed lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes. What is the cause?

Answer 30

Infectious mononucleosis

Question 31

A woman developed anemia after eating 3 falafel sandwiches. What is the pathogenesis of this condition?

Answer 31

Oxidative damage to RBC membrane

Question 32

A woman developed anemia after eating 3 falafel sandwiches. How can you confirm a diagnosis?

Answer 32

Measure G6PD levels

Question 33

A 32-year-old male suffers from fatigue, fever, and gum bleeding. Peripheral blood smear showed circulating immature cells. What is the result?

Answer 33

Acute leukemia

Question 34

A patient is having frequent episodes of fever and anemia. PBS showed spherocytes. How can we diagnose the condition?

Answer 34

Osmotic fragility test

Question 35

A 5-year-old boy with epistaxis. CBC was normal and CF profile showed high APTT. What is the likely cause?

Answer 35

vWD

Question 36

a 45-year-old male complaining of dizziness. He had treatment for TB that affected his terminal ileum. CBC showed high MCV, low Hb and the rest were normal. What is the cause?

Answer 36

Megaloblastic anemia

Question 37

What is the physiological trigger of the coagulation cascade?

Answer 37

Tissue Factor

Question 38

A patient is taking oral anticoagulant as a treatment, what do we check to see that the treatment is working? a. APTT b. TT c. PT

Answer 38

c. PT

Question 39

What is the composition of the pale areas of the thrombus?

Answer 39

Fibrin + platelets

Question 40

What are classical features of bleeding episodes in primary hemostatic defects?

Answer 40

Immediate, mucocutaneous

Question 41

Why are sickle cell patients more prone to infections?

Answer 41

Autosplenectomy

Question 42

What is the mechanism of ticlopidine?

Answer 42

Inhibit ADP-dependent pathway of platelets aggregation

Question 43

What is the key enzyme of fibrinolytic system?

Answer 43

Plasmin

Question 44

By exposure to which tissue is the coagulation cascade induced?

Answer 44

Subendothelium of the connective tissue

Question 45

On routine testing, a gardener has Ova and parasites in his stool. CBC showed anemia. Which type blood cells will be increased in his blood?

Answer 45

Eosinophils

Question 46

A patient developed gum bleeding after taking aspirin. What is the problem?

Answer 46

Platelets dysfunction

Question 47

A male with renal impairment, hypercalcemia, and showed monoclonal antibodies. Whats a likely diagnosis?

Answer 47

Plasma cell myeloma

Question 48

How do DIC lead to anemia?

Answer 48

Mechanical RBC destruction

Question 49

What should a patient with APC-R would show abnormalities in?

Answer 49

Factor-V-leiden

Question 50

Which drug inhibits DHFR (DiHydroFolate Reductase)?

Answer 50

Methotrexate

Question 51

If a patient has developed iron overload. What is the best drug for his treatment?

Answer 51

Deferasirox

Question 52

What is the pro-drug that may lead to hemorrhagic cystitis?

Answer 52

Cyclophosphamide

Question 53

Antibody against which cytokine would help in treating anemia of a chronic disease? a. IL-4 b. IL-6 c. IL-10 d. TGF-Beta e. IFN-Gamma

Answer 53

b. IL-6

Question 54

A patient suffer from a mutation in factor X. when checking the vitamin K levels, they were normal. What is the defected protein coagulation factor?

Answer 54

Glutamine

Question 55

How does protamine sulphate inhibit heparin?

Answer 55

Binding to it and forming an inactive complex

Question 56

A 64-year-old woman with six months history of vague pain and aches in her chest. She has low Hb, elevated ESR, and monoclonal proteins in her gamma region. No paraproteins were found in the urine. What is the diagnosis? a. Multiple myeloma b. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

Answer 56

a. Multiple myeloma

Question 57

Which drug acts on fibrin bound and circulating plasminogen?

Answer 57

Streptokinase

Question 58

What causes suppression of trileanage hematopoiesis?

Answer 58

TNF-Beta

Question 59

14-year-old anemic girl with howell-jolly bodies. What's the diagnosis?

Answer 59

Sickle-cell anemia

Question 60

A 22-year-old boy presented with two days history of fever, dizziness, passing dark-colored urine. Peripheral blood smear shows spherocytes and direct coombs test is negative. What's the diagnosis?

Answer 60

Hereditary spherocytosis

Question 61

Lymph node biopsy showed t (14,18) for a 70-year-old female. What's the diagnosis?

Answer 61

Follicular lymphoma

Question 62

Lymph node biopsy showed t (14,18) for a 70-year-old female. What's the diagnosis?

Answer 62

Follicular lymphoma

Question 63

Protection of B12 from degradation in stomach is via a. Gastric intrinsic factor b. Haptocorrin

Answer 63

b. Haptocorrin

Question 64

What binds to B12 in duodenum? a. IF b. Cubulin

Answer 64

a. IF

Question 65

A 35-year-old patient with symptoms of anemia, and peripheral blood smear showed spherocytes

Answer 65

DAT

Question 66

A boy with joint swelling and bruises. His coagulation profile shows prolonged APTT. How do we treat him?

Answer 66

Concentrated factor VIII

Question 67

What's a Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor?

Answer 67

Imatinib

Question 68

Which drug leads to cross-matches DNA?

Answer 68

Procarbazine

Question 69

A patient with DVT and showed a prolonged APTT. What's the diagnosis? a. Lupus anticoagulant b. Dysfibrinogenemia

Answer 69

a. Lupus anticoagulant

Question 70

A patient with fever showed neutrophils & toxic degranulation. Whats the cause?

Answer 70

Bacterial infection

Question 71

A patient with fever showed neutrophils & toxic degranulation. What does this indicate?

Answer 71

Bacterial infection

Question 72

What is the gene involved in follicular lymphoma?

Answer 72

BCL-2

Question 73

Hemoglobin 60 g/L, MCV 70 fL. Peripheral blood smear shows pencil cells and target cells. What's the diagnosis?

Answer 73

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 74

50-year-old transfusion dependent female complained of severe epistaxis. She showed signs of pallor. Blood smear showed macrocytic anemia and hypolobulated neutrophils. What's the diagnosis?

Answer 74

MDS

Question 75

Patient with gum bleeding, anemia, and fever. Peripheral blood smear showed intracytoplasmic rods. What's the diagnosis?

Answer 75

AML

Question 76

A 55-year-old male presented with DVT in his right leg. CBC revealed raised hemoglobin and hematocrin levels. A mutation in JAK-2 was shown. What's the diagnosis?

Answer 76

Polycythemia Vera

Question 77

A transfusion dependent patient with diabetes mellitus and splenectomy. What's the diagnosis?

Answer 77

Thalassemia major

Question 78

Patient’s peripheral blood smear shows normocytosis, spherocytosis, and a positive DAH. What's the diagnosis?

Answer 78

Immune-mediated hemolysis

Question 79

What is used to increase the excretion of iron with deferoxamine?

Answer 79

Vitamin C

Question 80

Which drug has poor compliance and bioavailability?

Answer 80

Deferoxamine

Question 81

A patient developed chills, fever, and flank pain one hour after having blood transfusion. What occured?

Answer 81

ABO blood type incompatibility

Question 82

A patient had a blood transfusion. One hour later he developed itchiness on the chest. What occured?

Answer 82

Allergy

Question 83

A 60-year-old male with dizziness, and a history of an upper small intestinal removal. What's the diagnosis?

Answer 83

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 84

A patient had gastrectomy 5 years ago and now he is anemic. What was the cause of the anemia?

Answer 84

B12 deficiency

Question 85

A young boy with elevated leukocytes alkaline phosphatase, fever, and high WBC count. What's most likely? a. Viral infection b. Leukomoid reaction

Answer 85

b. Leukomoid reaction

Question 86

A 50-year-old patient with thalassemia major requires blood transfusions every 4-6 weeks. What would be the consequence?

Answer 86

Iron overload in the liver and heart

Question 87

A patient has low platelets levels, low hemoglobin levels, and his PBS showed tear drop RBCs and circulating myelocytes. What's the diagnosis?

Answer 87

Primary myelofibrosis

Question 88

A 20-year-old woman suffers from excessive menorrhagia, her mother had the same problem. What's the diagnosis?

Answer 88

Van Willebrand disease

Question 89

8-year-old poorly taken care of boy suffers from generalized bruises and factors II, VII, IX, X deficiencies. What is the cause?

Answer 89

Vitamin K deficiency

Question 90

Which is the most common inherited thrombophilic defect?

Answer 90

APC-R

Question 91

Which WBC cell results from the fragment from the parent cell?

Answer 91

Platelets

Question 92

A 25-year-old lady in her second pregnancy. She is Rh- and her husband is Rh+. What do you look for?

Answer 92

Anti D antibodies