2009 module exam Flashcards
1
Q
Fundus of gallbladder is seen in which plane?
A
Transpyloric
2
Q
Where is urachus seen?
A
Median umbilical fold
3
Q
What is responsible for formation of superficial inguinal ring?
A
External oblique
4
Q
Preganglionic secretomotor comes from which nerve for parotid gland?
A
Glossopharyngeal
5
Q
Postganglionic fibers for submandibular gland is carried out by ?
A
Lingual nerve
6
Q
Characteristic of sublingual gland ?
A
Mucus acinus
7
Q
White patch cannot be scrapped off and show displasia ?
A
leukoplakia
8
Q
Oral lesion with lip swelling and cobalstone appearance ?
A
Crohns Disease
9
Q
Keratoconjunktivitis and xerostomia due to exocrine destruction by lymphocytes?
A
Sjogren syndrome
10
Q
Which artery diiferntiate between direct and indirect hernia ?
A
Inferior epigastric artery
11
Q
Question about hernia –> go to the scrotum and there were right groin swelling with difficulty urinating
A
Indirect
12
Q
Which least affect the esophagus ?
A
left ventricle
13
Q
What is posterior to omental foramen ?
A
IVC
14
Q
Which ganglia responsible for innervation of gut and goes to celiac trunk ?
A
T5-T9
15
Q
If you coniously swallow every 1-2 seconds in water , what will happen ?
A
esophagus will not contract untill the last swallow
16
Q
Which neorotransmitter is most responsible for relaxation of lower esophgeal sphincter ?
A
NO
17
Q
What is responsible for receptive relaxation in stomach ?
A
VIP
18
Q
What is responsible for relaxation of pyloric sphincter ?
A
VIP
19
Q
What is related to low PH in deudenum to inhibit gastric emptying ?
A
Secretin
20
Q
Which enzyme deactivated in high PH ?
A
Pepsin
21
Q
Picture of esophagus in obese female and fine mucosal nodularity ?
A
Reflux esophgitis
22
Q
What ligamint attaches liver to diaphragm ?
A
coronary lig.
23
Q
if we want to follow segment VI of liver , which vein will we follow ?
A
Rt hepatic vein
24
Q
Which is characteristic of portal lobule ?
A
Bile flows from central vein to portal triad
25
What is responsible for contraction of gallbladder?
CCK
26
What is characteristic of HepD ?
Defective RNA virus
27
Which virus has co-infection with HBV ?
HDV
28
Pregnant woman went to Bangladsih and developed fever & juandice of 40 days duration and then developed fulminant Heptitis ?
Hep E virus
29
Young female developed fulminant hepatic necrosis. Glascow score 3/5. Most common cause is ?
Aceteminophen overdose
30
Patient with drug use and ground glass hepatocytes ?
HBV
31
Obese female with high glucose levels and high (AST & ALT) , most likly due to ?
NASH
32
Middle aged woman with portal infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells and responds to steroids ?
Autoimmune Hepatitis
33
Which is conginital liver problem ?
Wilsons disease
34
Which disease causes iron deposition and accumelation ?
Hemachromatosis
35
Macro & micro nodules with fibrosis lining them ?
Cirrhosis
36
Most common primary hepatic tumor with vascular repture ?
Hemangioma
37
Patient wth 10 years history of HBV deve;oped 10 cm mass
Hepatocellular carcinoma
38
Which gives us hydroxyl radical ?
H2O2 + Fe+2
39
Which of the following is oxidant ?
Fe-4S
40
Which is secondary retroperitoneal ?
Duedenum
41
What happens due to failure of reteurn of the physiological herniation of the midgut loop ?
Omphalocele
42
Persistant cloacal membrane ?
Imperforate anus
43
Patient with mucus/bloody diarhhea, abcesses in liver , and recently he was in india with flask shaoed ulcer ?
Entameba histolitica
44
Patient with parasite abscess. how to diagnose him ?
- Culture for abscess
- Serology Ag
- Serology Ab
- Microscopy for abscess
?
45
Patient with AST and ALT levels of 1300 . He was in syria for a month. What would be seen in the investigation ?
HAV _ IgM
46
Patient travelled to area endimic eith HAV and came back with elevated liver enzymes and juandice. No HAV/HBV were seen. What would be the cause?
HEV
47
DNA virus causes hepatocellular carcininoma ?
HBV
48
What gives high Guanylase cyclase ?
Heme oxygenase --> CO --> high cGMP
49
What causes premature juandice in babies ?
Decrease activity of bilirubin glucurcyl trasferase
50
Which disease diagnosed by procollagen type 2 ?
Hepatic fibrosis
51
disease diagnosed by monitoring bilirubin levels while fasting ?
Gilbert Syndrome
52
In which organ retropulsion occur ?
Stomach
53
Which has discontinous epithelium ?
Hepatic sinosoids
54
Problem in hepatoduedenal lig. would likely affect ?
Bile duct
55
Contraction of what will cause filling of gallbladder ?
common bile duct
56
Feature amylase in pancreas ?
Contraacinar cells
57
Zymogen granules in apices ?
Acinar cells
58
Intercelated duct cells are responsible for ?
HCO3- secretion
59
Which enzyme activates other enzymes ?
Trypsim
60
Bile acids are secreted from ?
Hepatocellular paranchymal cells
61
Substrate in 7 alpha hydroxylase ?
Cholestrol
62
Defiency of which will lead to gallstones ?
Biles acids/salts
63
A 28 patient with normal liver test but AST + ALT were 110 . What is he suffering from ?
Chronic viral hepatitis
64
A 78 old man with high ALK of 550 but other enzymes are normal, he had large dilated bile duct and distended gallbladder. US showed no stones in gallbladder
- Pancreatic cancer
- common bile duct stones
?
65
A 35 female with multiple gallstones and distended bile duct. What is most likely elevated enzyme ?
Alkalaine phosphotase
66
Patient came with foul smell diarrhea and abdominal pain. X-ray shown. What is the best management
Pancreatic enzymes
67
Alpha carboxylation bu vit K leads to ?
Increase negative charges
68
After not eating for couple of hours, a burst intense electrical activity occured in GI every 90 minutes ?
Migrating Myeelectric Complex
69
Absorpyion of di-tri peptides in small intestine is by ?
Teriory active transport
70
Absorption of water in GIT mainly occur in ?
Small intestine
71
Function of M cells ?
Antigen transport
72
Hypofunction of parietal cells leads to decreased ?
Interensic Factor
73
Patient with high t TG. What is best method to treat ?
Gluten free diet
74
Diarrhea due to wheel like structure ?
Rota virus
75
2nd most common cause of Viral gastrointeritis and have extending fibers?
Adenovirus
76
What is the infective dose of S.typhi
1000000
77
Bacteria that produce enterotoxin ?
Vibro cholera
78
Starved people are advised not to ingest high diet protein due to ?
low activity of urea cycle
79
Patient with RLQ pain and mass and clubbing with diarrhea. X ray picture ?
Crohns disease
80
Xray of patient
UC and toxic megacolon
81
how fibers affect IBD ?
increase butyrate
82
PICO question for study on 11 year old boy who want to know drug effect on him (EBM) ?
Children - drug - improvement - no treat
83
What causes black tongue and stool?
bismith chelate
84
How do antiacids affect sacalfate efficacy ?
altering PH in stomach
85
What induces abortion ?
Misoprestol
86
What is mechanism of action of omeparazol?
inhibits H/K ATPase
87
If diazpam and cimitedin given together , what must be done ?
reduce diazpam dose
88
What is H1 anatagonist ?
Cycizine
89
What is 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ?
Ondansteron
90
what is the mechanism of action of ....... ?
increase peristalsis by stimulating enteric nerves
91
fast and slow acetators affect which drug ?
Isonazide
92
Acetominophen causes hepatocellular necrosis by ? -
depletion of glutathione
93
Occlosion of IMA is asymptomatic due to ?
Middle colic artery
94
What should be done with a worker with salmonella ?
3 constitutive negative stool tests
95
which structure have lower intensity of contraction ?
lower rectum
96
Most important risk factor for colon cancer in less than 40 old people ?
Family history
97
What will cause inhibition of acid secretion ?
Low PH in antrum
98
Appenicitis pain is through which root ?
T10
99
Uptake of xenobiotics to liver is done by ?
Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP)
100
FEcal occult blood positive. What is the next investigation ?
colonscopy
101
45 old woman with RUQ pain , juandice and fever and slight tenderness in UQ , high ALT and AST , high high ALP and bilirubin
Gallstones
102
female came with history of gallstones and acute onset of fever , RUQ pain , juandice , serum amylase was 1500
Acute pancreatitis
103
Which polyps will most likely cause malignancy ?
Villous adenoma
104
loss of which muscle will cause fetal incontinance ?
puborectalis
105
prolapse of rectal mucosa with dilated veins ?
Internal hemaroids
106
part of anal canal which below pictunate line is developed from ?
ectoderm
107
contraction in ascending colon is lower the descending colon , while contraction of sigmoid is less than descending colon , why ?
increase transiet time between ascending and descending colon
108
patient with colon cancer but without family history . what gene affected ?
P53
109
How do we diagnose C.difficile ?
Tissue culture of toxin
110
What disease causes increased unconjugated bilirubin ?
sickle cell anemia
111
Patient came with abdominal pain and constipation . Xray showed apple core apperance ?
colon cancer
112
which is closest to zone 3 ?
central vein
113
Supply submucosal glands of esophagus ?
misseners plexus
114
its inhibition causes contraction of external anal sphincter ?
Auerbach
115
What causes conjucation of bile acid ?
Glycine
116
patient with signs of anemia. whan given Vit b12 he becomes better ?
Vit B12 deficincy
117
child with enteric fever . how to treat him
Ceftrixone
