2014-03-07 USMLE Pharmacology - USMLE Pharmacology Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
Sexual side effect of trazodone
A
priapism
2
Q
2 key side effects of ASA
A
- GI bleed
- hypersensitivity
3
Q
Classic side effect of bleomycin
A
pulmonary fibrosis
4
Q
Classic side effect of cyclophasophamide
A
hemorrhagic cystitis
5
Q
Classic side effect of buproprion
A
seizures
6
Q
3 classic side effects of isoniazid
A
- Vit B 6 deficeincy
- lupus
- liver toxicity
7
Q
Classic side effect of cyclosporine
A
nephrotoxic
8
Q
Classic side effect of PCN
A
anaphylaxis
9
Q
PCN may cause a rash with which virus
A
EBV
10
Q
Classic side effect of ACE inhibitors
A
cough
11
Q
Classic side effect of demeclocycline
A
diabetes insipidus
12
Q
2 classic side effects of lithium
A
- diabetes insipidus
- thyroid dysfunction
13
Q
Classic side effect of methoxyflurance
A
diabetes insipidus
14
Q
2 classic side effects of sulfa drugs
A
- allergies
- kernicterus in neonates
15
Q
2 classic side effects of halothane
A
- liver necrosis
- malignant hypertheria
16
Q
Classic side effect of local anesthetic
A
seizures
17
Q
4 classic side effects of phenytoin
A
- folate deficiency
- teratogen
- hirsutism
- gum hypertrophy
18
Q
Classic side effect of vincristine
A
peripheral neuropathy
19
Q
Classic side effect of valproic acid
A
neural tube defects
20
Q
Isotretinoin is a terrible ______
A
teratogen
21
Q
Thioridazine classically causes
A
- retinal deposits
- cardiac toxicity
22
Q
2 classic side effects of heparin
A
- thombocytopenia
- thrombosis
23
Q
Vancomycin’s classic side effect
A
red man syndrom
24
Q
Classic side effect of clofibrate
A
increase GI neoplasms
25
Classic side effect of tetracyclines (2)
- photosensitivity
| - teeth staining in children
26
Classic side effect of quinolones in kids
cartilage damage (also makes in teratogenic)
27
Classic side effect of quinine
tinnitus, vertigo (cinchonisms)
28
Classic pancreas side effect of morphine
Sphincter of oddi spasm
29
Classic side effect of clindamycin (or other broad spectrum antibiotic)
Pseudomembranous colitis
30
2 classic side effects of chloramphenicol
- aplastic anemia
| - chloramphenicol
31
Classic side effect of doxyrubicin
cardiomyopathy
32
2 classic side effects of basulfan
- pulmonary fibrosis
| - adrenal failure
33
MAOIs + cheese/wine =
tyramine crisis
34
Classic side effect of hydralazine
lupus
35
Classic side effect of procainamide
lupus
36
Classic side effect of minoxidil
hirsutism
37
2 classic side effects of aminoglycosides
- hearing loss
| - renal toxicity
38
Classic side effect of chlorpropamide
SIADH
39
Classic side effect of oxytocin
SIADH
40
Electrolyte side effect of opiates
SIADH
41
2 classic side effects of DDI
- pancreatitis
| - peripheral neurology
42
Classic side effect of succinylcholine
malignant hyperthermia
43
Classic side effect of zidovudine
bone marrow suppression
44
3 classic side effects of digitalis
- GI
- vision changes
- arrhythmias
45
Classic side effect ofacetazolamide
metabolic acidosis
46
Trimethadione is a terrible
teratogen
47
Classic side effect of clozapine
agranulocytosis
48
3 classic side effects of SSRIs
- anxiety
- agitation
- insomnia
49
2 Classic side effects of warfarin
- necrosis
| - teratogen
50
2 Classic side effects of niacin
- flushing
| - pruritus
51
Classic side effect of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
liver and muscle toxicity
52
Classic side effect of ethambutol
optic neuritis
53
Classic side effect of cisplatin
nephrotoxicity
54
Classic side effect of methylcopa
Coombs positive hemolytic anemia
55
2 major toxicities of HMG COA reductace inhibitors
- liver
| - muscle
56
Classic side effect of ethambutol
optic neuritis
57
Classic side effect of metronidazole
Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol
58
Classic side effect with displatin
Nephrotoxicity
59
Classic side effect of methydopa
Hemolytic anemia (Coombs positive)
60
Electrolyte side effects of thiazides
- hyperglycemia
- hyperuricemia
- hyperlipidemia
- hyponatremia
- hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
61
Don't give thiazides to patients with this allergy
sulfa
62
2 major side effects of loop diuretics
- hypokalemic metabloic alkalosis
| - ototoxicity
63
Only loop diuretic that is not a sulfa
ethacrynic acid
64
Metabolic effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
metabolic acidosis
65
Effect of loop diuretics on calcium
cause calcium extretion (often used as treatment for hypercalcemia)
66
Effect of thiazide diuretics on calcium
calcium retention
67
Which diuretics would you like to avoid in hypercalcemia?
thiazides
68
3 classic side effects of antihypertensives
- sedation
- depression
- sexual dysfunction
69
2 patients to use B-blcokers in cautiously
- Diabetics (mask hypoglycemia)
| - Asthmatics
70
Classic side effect of alpha-1 antagonists
1st dose orthostatic hypotension
71
antidote for cholinesterase inhibitors
- atropine
| - pralidoxime
72
antidote for quinidine
sodium bicarb (cardioprotective)
73
antidote for TCAs
sodium bicarb (cardioprotective)
74
antidote for Iron
Deferoxamine
75
antidote for digoxin
- normalize electrolytes
| - digoxin antibodies
76
antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol
ethanol
77
antidote for benzodiazepines
flumaenil
78
antidote for beta blockers
glucagon
79
antidote for lead
EDTA
80
antidote for copper
penicillamine
81
antidote for gold
penicillamine
82
antidote for opiods
naloxone
83
antidote for carbon monoxide
oxygen
84
antidote for muscarinic blockers
physostigmine
85
Features of serotonin syndrome
- hyperthermia
- rigidity
- myoclonus
- autonomic instability
86
Hyperthermia + rigidity + myoclonus + autonomic instability =
serotonin syndrome
87
MAOI + meperidine =
coma
88
MAOI + SSRIs =
serotonin syndrome
89
Aminoglycosides + loop diuretics =
enhanced ototoxicity
90
Lithium + thiazides =
lithium toxicity
91
3 classic INDUCERS of hepatic enzymes
- barbiturates
- antiepileptics
- rifampin
92
2 classic INHIBITORS of hepatic enzymes
- cimetidine
| - ketoconazole
93
HRT is prescribed now for
symptom relief only
94
Why do you give progesterone with estrogen in HRT?
to decrease risk of endometrial cancer (if no uterus, give estrogen alone)
95
4 benefits of estrogen therapy
- decreased osteoporosis
- decreased CAD (?)
- decreased hot flashed
- decreased GU symptoms
96
4 risk of estrogen therapy
- increased endometrial CA
- increased DVT
- ? increase breast CA
- increased gall bladder disease
97
5 more common side effects of estrogen therapy
- endometrial bleeding
- breast tenderness
- nausea
- bloating
- headaches
98
4 absolute contraindications to estrogen therapy
- unexplained vaginal bleeding
- active liver disease
- history of VTE
- history of breast of endometrial cancer
99
8 relative contraindications to estrogen therapy
- seizure disorder
- HTN
- uterine leiomyomas
- familial hyperlipidemia
- migraines
- venous thrombophlebitis
- endometriosis
- gallbladder disease
100
Most common cause of secondary HTN in women
oral contraceptive pills
101
10 absolute contraindications to oral contraceptive pills
- 35+ old smoker
- pregancy/breast feeding
- liver disease
- hyperlipedmia
- HTN/CAD/CVA
- DM with vascular changes
- immobilization/risk of VTE
- sickle cell disease
- estrogen dependent neoplasm
- cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy
102
6 relative contraindications to oral contraceptive pills
- younger heavy smoker
- depression
- migraines
- oligomenorrhea
- amenorrhea without workup
- gallbladder disease
103
Timing of OCPs and surgery
- avoid 1 month before and after surgery because of risk of DVT
104
Screening test needed for those on OCPs
annual pap smear (associated increased risk of cervical CA)
105
4 effects of NSAIDs and ASA
- anit-inflammatory
- anitpyretic
- analgesic
- antiplatelet
106
Difference between ASA and other NSAIDs
ASA bind COX irreversibly
107
Why does tylenol not have anti-platelet or anti-inflammatory effects?
Because it acts centrally not peripherally
108
Acid-base problem with ASA overdose
- respiratory alkalosis
| - metabolic acidosis
109
3 renal side effects of NSAIDs
- interstitial nephritis
- papillary necrosis
- acute tubular necrosis
110
ASA allergies are extremely common in this group
asthma and nasal polyps
111
Reye syndrome =
ASA in children less than 15 (setting of virus) --> encephalopathy and liver dysfunction
112
When to stop ASA and NSAIDs prior to surgery
- ASA 1 week before
| - NSAIDs 1 day before
113
Treatment of acetaminophen overdose
acetylcysteine
114
How does acetaminophen cause liver failure?
depletion of glutathione --> hepatic necrosis
