2014-03-07 USMLE preventive and stats - USMLE preventive and stats Flashcards
1
Q
Vit A defeciency causes
A
- night blindness
- scaly rash
- xerophthalmia
- bitot spots
- increased infections
2
Q
Vit A toxicity causes
A
- pseudotumor cerebri
- bone thickening
- teratogenicity
3
Q
Vit D defeciency causes
A
- rickets
- osteomalacia
- hypocalcemia
4
Q
Vit D toxicity causes
A
- hypercalcemia
- nausea/vomiting
- renal stones
5
Q
Vit E defeciency causes
A
- anemia
- peripheral neuropathy
- ataxia
6
Q
Vit E toxicity causes
A
necrotizing enterocolitis in infants
7
Q
Vit K defeciency causes
A
- hemorrhage
8
Q
Vit K toxicity causes
A
- hemolysis/kernicterus
9
Q
B1 is aka
A
thiamine
10
Q
thiamine is aka
A
B1
11
Q
Thiamine deficiency causes
A
- cardiac failure
- peripheral neuropathy
- Wernicke/Korsakoff syndrome
12
Q
Wet beriberi is
A
high output cardiac failure from thiamine deficiency
13
Q
Dry beriberi is
A
peripheral neuropahty from thiamine deficiency
14
Q
B3 is aka
A
niacin
15
Q
Niacin is aka
A
B3
16
Q
Niacin defeciency causes
A
- pellagra: dementia dermatitis, diarrhea
17
Q
B6 aka
A
pyridoxine
18
Q
Pyridoxine aka
A
B6
19
Q
Pyridoxine defeciency causes
A
- peripheral neuropathy
- cheilosis
- stomatitis
- convulsions in infants
- microcytic anemia
- seborrheic dermatitis
20
Q
Only B vitamin with known toxicity
A
B6
21
Q
B6 toxicity causes
A
peripheral neuropathy
22
Q
B12 is aka
A
cobalamin
23
Q
cobalamin is aka
A
B12
24
Q
B12 defeciency causes
A
megaloblastic anemia with neurological symptoms
25
Folic acid defeciency causes
megaloblastic anemia without neurological symptoms
26
Vitamin C defeciency causes
- scurvy
- poor wound healing
- hyperkaratotic hair follicles
- bone pain from periosteal hemorrhage
27
Iodine defeciency causes
- goiter
- cretinism
- hypothyroidism
28
Iodine toxicity causes
- myxedema
29
Fluorine defeciency causes
cavities
30
Fluorine toxicity causes
- mottling of teeth
| - bone exstoses
31
Zinc defeciency causes
- decrease taste
- rash
- slow wound healing
32
Copper deficiency causes
Menke's disease (X-linked, kinky hair and mental retardation)
33
Boy with kinky hair and mental retardation likely has
copper deficiency with Menke's disease
34
Copper toxicity is seen in this disease
Wilson disease
35
Selenium deficiency causes
- cardiomyopathy
| - muscle pain
36
Selenium toxicity causes
loss of hair and nails
37
Manganese toxicity causes
"madness"
38
Manganese toxicity occurs in
miners of ore
39
Chromium defeciency causes
impaired glucose tolerance
40
what causes craniotabes?
rickets
41
What is rachitic rosary?
costochondral beading in rickets
42
Where do bony changes of rickets first occur?
at ends of the radius and ulna
43
What is the most common cause of B12 defeciency?
pernicious anemia
44
Pernicious anemia is what type of disorder?
autoimmune
45
Pernicious anemia is associated with what other disorders
Other autoimmune:
- vitiligo
- hypothyroid
- hypoadrenalism
46
What parasite causes B12 defeciency?
Diphyllobothrium latum (tapeworm)
47
Removal of this will cause B12 defeciency
the ileium
48
What test is used to determine the cause of B12 defeciency?
Schilling test
49
What does perinatal Vitamin K prevent?
hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
50
How do you treat high INR in liver disease
- with FFP, Vit K does not work because need synthetic function of the liver
51
Screening for colon cancer
* Above age 50
- stool occult blood every year
- sigmoidoscopy or double contract enema every 5 years
OR
- colonoscopy every 10 years
52
Screening for prostate cancer
* above 50
- annual rectal exam
- offer annual PSA
53
Screening for cervical cancer
Age 18-65
| - each year, if normal x2 then can do pap every 3 years
54
Screening for gynecologic cancers
- age 20-40 pelvic q 3 years
| - over 40 pelvic every year
55
Screening for endometrial cancer
endometrial biopsy once at menopause
56
Screening for breast cancer
- 20+ monthy self exam
- 20-40 exam q 3 years
- over 40 exam q year and mammography annually
57
Screening for thryoid cancer
20-40 exam every 3 years
| 40+ exam every year
58
Screening for testicular cancer
20-40 exam every 3 years
| 40+ exam every year
59
Screening for ovarian cancer
20-40 exam every 3 years
| 40+ exam every year
60
Screening for thymphoma
20-40 exam every 3 years
| 40+ exam every year
61
Screening for oral cancer
20-40 exam every 3 years
| 40+ exam every year
62
Screening for skin cancer
20-40 exam every 3 years
| 40+ exam every year
63
What adults should get Hep B vaccine?
Anyone who wants it; anyone at high risk (health care)
64
What adults should get influenza vaccine?
- over 50
- high risk
- pregnant during flu season
- contacts of high risk patients
65
What adults should get pneumococcus vaccine?
- over 65
| - high risk, including DM
66
What adults should get rubella vaccine
- women of childbearing age who are not immune
- OK in HIV but not other immunocompromised
- no pregnancy within 3 months of vaccine
67
What adults should get Td vaccine
All adults every 10 years
68
Top 3 causes of infant death
- congenital malformations
- prematurity/low birth weight
- SIDS
69
Top 3 causes of maternal mortality (within 42 days of birth of child)
- pulmonary embolism
- hypertension
- hemorrhage
70
How does prevalence affect PPV of a test?
higher prevalence = greater PPV
71
How does sensitivity affect NPV of a test?
more sensitive = greater NPV
