2015 final

Question 1

In the following graph what represents nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

A. A green
B. B orange
C. C light blue
D. D purple

Answer 1

D. D purple

Question 2

Which of the following has contractile ability?

Answer 2

mesangial cells

Question 3

What structure is related to right sided perirenal effusion without penetrating the renal fascia?

A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. second part of the duodenum
D. Inferior vena cava

Answer 3

A. Liver

Question 4

What could cause increased potassium secretion?

Answer 4

SGK1

Question 5

Along the renal vasculature, which part has the largest decrease in hydrostatic pressure?

A. Afferent arteriole
B. Efferent arteriole
C. Peritubular capillary
D. Renal vein

Answer 5

A. Afferent arteriole

Question 6

Reabsorption of this is dependent on megalin?

A. Reabsorption of filtered NaHCO3
B. Reabsorption of filtered glucose
C. Reabsorption of filtered albumin

Answer 6

C. Reabsorption of filtered albumin

Question 7

Increases with increase carbonic anhydrase in the brush border?

A. Reabsorption of H2O in DT
B. Reabsorption of H20 in PT
C. Reabsorption of glucose
D. Reabsorption of HCO3 in PT

Answer 7

D. Reabsorption of HCO3 in PT

Question 8

Urinary anion gap = 105 (high)
Titratable acid = 12 (low)
What mechanism over a long period of time causes acidosis?

A. hypophosphatemia
B. hypochloremia

Answer 8

A. hypophosphatemia

Question 9

What transporter is mutated in Fanconi-Beckel syndrome?

A. GLUT1
B. SGLT2
C. GLUT2

Answer 9

C. GLUT2

Question 10

What is considered as a secondary cause of nephrotic syndrome?

A. SLE
B. Cushing disease
C. Henoch schonlein purpura

Answer 10

A. SLE

Question 11

Which of the following is a feature of post-infectious glomerulonephritis?

A. Sub-endothelial deposits
B. Sub-epithelial deposits
C. Crescent
D. Mesangial deposits
E. Neutrophils in glomerular capillary loops

Answer 11

E. Neutrophils in glomerular capillary loops

Question 12

What is true about SIADH?

A. hypovolemia occurs
B. Urine Na more than 20 moles

Answer 12

B. Urine Na more than 20 moles

Question 13

If you give a patient ADH infusion by IV, what does it cause?

A. acidosis
B. Hyponatremia

Answer 13

B. Hyponatremia

Question 14

What is absorbed by Na/H exchanger?

Answer 14

HCO3

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of proximal renal tubular acidosis?

A. hyperkalemia
B. Renal stones
C. Reduced reabsorption of bicarbonate
D. Severe acidosis 
E. Glucosuria

Answer 15

C. Reduced reabsorption of bicarbonate

Question 16

What is a cause of normal anion gap hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis?

A. diabetic ketoacidosis
B. lactic acidosis
C. methanol ingestion
D. RTA

Answer 16

D. RTA

Question 17

35-year-old female with hematuria but no proteinuria or other signs for 2 years?

A. Minimal change disease
B. post- streptococcus infection
C. thin membrane disease

Answer 17

C. thin membrane disease

Question 18

Which of the following stages is reversible in nephrotic range proteinuria?

A. Microalbuminuria
B. Hyperfiltration

Answer 18

A. Microalbuminuria

Question 19

What is the consequence of taking loop diuretics?

Answer 19

increased calcium secretion

D

Question 20

A man had a road traffic accident where he lost a large amount of blood, after which he died. What do you expect to see on examination of the kidneys?

A. Apical blunting
B. Diffuse necrosis of the kidneys
C. Papillary necrosis
E. Diffuse cortical necrosis

Answer 20

E. Diffuse cortical necrosis

Question 21

What drug causes interstitial nephritis as a hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 21

NSAIDs

Question 22

Patient developed acute renal failure after using captopril. What is the underlying abnormality that leads to this?

Answer 22

bilateral renal artery stenosis

Question 23

Why are cystine stones formed in urine but not ornithine, lysine, or arginine?

Answer 23

Because cystine is insoluble

Question 24

What is the effect of Angiotensin II?

A. Decreases the single effect
B. increases the oncotic pressure in peritubular capillaries

Answer 24

B. increases the oncotic pressure in peritubular capillaries

Question 25

Which of the following drugs (selective aldosterone receptor antagonist) has less hormonal side effects?

Answer 25

eplerenone

Question 26

The ureter (crosses) which structure from lateral to medial ``` A. prostate B. rectum C. bladder D. vesical venous plexus E. Vas deferens F. Ureter G. Median umbilical ligament ```

Answer 26

E. Vas deferens

Question 27

Related to the inferolateral border of an empty urinary bladder ``` A. prostate B. rectum C. bladder D. vesical venous plexus E. Vas deferens F. Ureter G. Median umbilical ligament ```

Answer 27

D. vesical venous plexus

Question 28

Related to the apex of urinary bladder ``` A. prostate B. rectum C. bladder D. vesical venous plexus E. Vas deferens F. Ureter G. Median umbilical ligament ```

Answer 28

G. Median umbilical ligament

Question 29

UAG (50) / pH 7.29 / Normal anion gap / HCO3 (low)/ PCO2 (low) ``` A. COPD B. Sedative overdose C. Accidental ingestion of HCL D hyperaldosteronism E. Cocaine ```

Answer 29

C. Accidental ingestion of HCL

Question 30

UAG (50) / pH(low) / Normal anion gap / HCO3 26 (24-26)/ PCO2 (high) ``` A. COPD B. Sedative overdose C. Accidental ingestion of HCL D hyperaldosteronism E. Cocaine ```

Answer 30

B. Sedative overdose

Question 31

Test of choice for urinary stones ``` A. CT plain of abdomen and pelvis C. urine sample and culture D. Abdominal Ultrasound E. Renal function test F. CBC ```

Answer 31

A. CT plain of abdomen and pelvis

Question 32

Test that guides medical therapy for struvite stones ``` A. CT plain of abdomen and pelvis C. urine sample and culture D. Abdominal Ultrasound E. Renal function test F. CBC ```

Answer 32

C. urine sample and culture

Question 33

Associated with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis A. Subepithelial humps B. Sub-endothelial deposits C. Crescents

Answer 33

A. Subepithelial humps

Question 34

Associated with rapid deterioration of renal function A. Subepithelial humps B. Sub-endothelial deposits C. Crescents

Answer 34

C. Crescents

Question 35

Patient on antibiotics developed acute renal failure. What will be seen on biopsy

Answer 35

eosinophilic infiltration

Question 36

Patient chronically on Aspirin. What will be seen on biopsy

Answer 36

Lymphocytic infiltration

Question 37

What is the mechanism of action of furesomide?

Answer 37

Inhibits the NKCC transporter

Question 38

What do you call a case of the urethra that opens in the ventral surface of the penis? A. epispadia B. hypospadia

Answer 38

B. hypospadia