2018 to 2022

Question 1

fair and generous behavior or treatment of others, especially in a sports contest.

Answer 1

sportsmanship

“He displayed great sportsmanship in defeat”

-resign when people play chess, it is sportsmanshp

Question 2

a free base form of cocaine that can be smoked.

Answer 2

Crack ​(also crack cocaine)

Crack offers a short, intense high to smokers. The Manual of Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment calls it the most addictive form of cocaine.

Question 3

the most sacred syllable, symbol or mantra in Hinduism.

Answer 3

Om

(also aum)

A mystic syllable, considered the most sacred mantra in Hinduism and Tibetan Buddhism. It appears at the beginning and end of most Sanskrit recitations, prayers, and texts.

Question 4

(idiomatic, usually with “on”) To disclose information to the public or to appropriate authorities concerning the illegal or socially harmful actions of a person or group, especially a corporation or government agency.

Answer 4

blow the whistle

In the past, people literally blew a whistle to attract the attention of the police.

In some jurisdictions, it is illegal to fire a person for blowing the whistle on an employer.

Question 5

unpleasant or offensive; not considered morally acceptable

Answer 5

unsavoury

Her friends are all pretty unsavoury characters

=immoral, unpleasant, villainous, shady, unacceptable, dodgy (UK, informal), suspect, dishonest, untrustworthy, disreputable

antonym: wholesome

Question 6

is defined as “being present” or being “in the moment” in a nonjudgmental way.

Answer 6

Mindfulness

Mindfulness is about being aware, whether it occurs during work, a walk, when enjoying the scenery, or while eating. Mindfulness increases the awareness of thoughts and feelings and reduces an individual’s reactivity to emotions, thoughts, and cravings

Question 7

if someone leads a ….. life, they travel from place to place and do not live in any one place for very long

Answer 7

nomadic

As the early religions evolved, their ceremonies and cosmologies became increasingly sophisticated.
Primal religions of the nomadic and seminomadic peoples of prehistory gave way to the religions of the
ancient and, in turn, of the classical civilizations.

from Greek nomos “pasture, pasturage, grazing

Question 8

are a group of muscles and their tendons at the rear of the upper leg.

Answer 8

hamstrings

They include the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. The hamstrings flex the knee joint, adduct the leg, and extend the thigh to the backside of the body. They are used in walking and running.

Question 9

the part of the body between the chest and the hips. The part contains the stomach, intestines, and liver.

Answer 9

abdomen

= stomach, belly, abdomen, tummy (informal), middle, gut

Question 10

a Bantu ethnic group of Southern Africa and the largest ethnic group in South Africa, with an estimated 10–12 million people living mainly in “South Africa”. Small numbers also live in Zimbabwe, Zambia, Tanzania and Mozambique.

Answer 10

Zulu

Further evidence to our original point, the fact that Europeans had guns and the Zulus of Africa did not, was not a consequence of cultural or intellectual differences, it was due to geographical happenstance.

Question 11

a smuggler who brings illegal immigrants into the United States (slang)

Answer 11

coyote

“at the bus station, there were coyotes offering to drive us to Los Angeles”

=people smuggler, human smuggler

Question 12

listen secretly

Answer 12

eavesdrop

Cuba eavesdrops on US communications with the helps of a Russian-built base on the island.

=listen in, overhear, snoop (informal), spy, pry, nose round

Question 13

a brew of plants which contains Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)

Answer 13

Ayahuasca

The LSD molecules is shaped a lot like Serotonin, a neurotransmitter found in our brains. Scientists investigated molecules with similar properties found in mushroom, cacti, including the peyote cactus, and troical plants that are used in the psychoactive drink Ayahuasca.

Question 14

not pasteurized

Answer 14

unpasteurized

Many followers are also vegans but they may consume some raw animal products, such as unpasteurized milk, cheese made from raw milk, sashimi, raw fish, and certain kinds of raw meat.

Question 15

to try to prevent something from happening

Answer 15

Avoid

Avoid the broken bottle on the floor.

Try to avoid confrontation.

I want to avoid being drawn into the argument.

=prevent, forestall, preclude (formal), avert

antonym: promote

Question 16

something that is present but hidden, and may develop or become more noticeable in the future

Answer 16

latent

kundalini (in yoga) is latent female energy believed to lie coiled at the base of the spine. =dormant

Question 17

the scientific study of the structure of human or animal bodies

Answer 17

anatomy

We may look different from the outside, but
our bodies are all constructed in the same
way. The study of anatomy, which explores
body structure, shows that internally we are
virtually identical—except for differences
between males and females. The study of
physiology, which deals with how the body
works, reveals how body systems combine
to keep our cells, and us, alive.

Greek anatome “dissection,” literally “a cutting up,

Question 18

the act of climbing something or moving upwards

Answer 18

ascent

the first ascent of Everest/

The final ascent of Kilimanjaro began at 5:00 a.m

For many in the Middle Ages, life was less important than death and ascent into heaven.

OPP descent

Question 19

​strange and frightening

Answer 19

spooky

it is kind of spooky without any light.

a spooky old house

a spooky atmosphere

=scary (informal), frightening, ghostly, unnerving, mysterious, eerie, uncanny, disturbing

antonym: reassuring

Question 20

to refuse to change your plans or ideas, especially when someone is trying to persuade you to do so / Idiom

Answer 20

dig your heels in

The bottom line is that there are powerful forces within us that resist change, even when we can clearly see what would be good for us. Bad habits die hard. It seems as if we have two brains, one wanting the best for us, and the other digging in its heels in a desperate, often unconscious, effort to hold on to the status quo.

Question 21

various types of nutrients needed in larger amounts for the body.

Answer 21

Macronutrients

The types of nutrients that are found in this group include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and water.

Question 22

something that causes a state of strain or tension

Answer 22

stressor /ˈstresər/

While the definitions of stress vary, most agree that stress is not what happens to someone—those outside forces are the stressors. What matters is how the person reacts to what happens.

Question 23

the state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things.

Answer 23

homeostasis

Humans’ internal body temperature is a great example of homeostasis

Greek: ὅμοιος homoios, “similar” and στάσις stasis, “standing still”, yielding the idea of “staying the same”.

Question 24

a geometrical diagram used like an icon usually in meditation

Answer 24

yantra

Sanskrit, (यन्त्र) literally ‘device for holding or fastening’

Question 25

a complex relationship between species

Answer 25

**symbiosis** ## Footnote cooperation, interdependence, relationship, association, synergy, interaction antonym: independence Greek sumbiōsis "a living together" \< bios "life"]

Question 26

The part of our brain which is in charge of forming habits

Answer 26

**Basal Ganglia**

Question 27

the sugar in fruit

Answer 27

**fructose**

Question 28

to accidentally hear what other people are saying, when they do not know that you have heard

Answer 28

overhear Franco observed the male patron and recognized that the patron had signs of gambling issues and overheard him state that this place was bad and was very upset/agitated.

Question 29

a sudden increase in something bad or unpleasant that affects many people

Answer 29

**epidemic** ## Footnote Obesity is at **epidemic** proportions in the United States. Many of us eat more than we require; we eat when we are rushed; we don't understand how various food elements interact; and we are not as knowledgeable as we could be about various diet types and their effects on our health.

Question 30

a drug that increases energy and excitement and makes you less hungry

Answer 30

**Amphetamine** /æmˈfetəmiːn/ ## Footnote Amphetamines are a type of appetite suppressant but are not recommended for the treatment of obesity because of their strong potential for abuse and dependence.

Question 31

**cytokine**

Answer 31

**cytokine** /ˈsʌɪtə(ʊ)kʌɪn/ ## Footnote With chronic or long-term stress, the body's inflammatory response remains "turned on" all the time. The body's cells produce proteins called **cytokine** and this causes changes in the interactions and communication between cells, often resulting in an inflammatory response throughout the entire body and mind.

Question 32

to take hold of something suddenly and violently

Answer 32

seize

Question 33

a group of sheep, goats, or birds

Answer 33

**flock**

Question 34

(in German, “lightning war”), swift, sudden, and overwhelming military offensive used by Germany in World War II

Answer 34

Blitzkrieg German forces attack Poland using Blitzkrieg tactics. The invasion follows the Polish government’s refusal to hand over the port-city of Danzig, claimed by Germany. Poland is defeated in four weeks and Germany occupies roughly two-thirds of the country جنگ برق آسا

Question 35

a minor collision between motor vehicles.

Answer 35

fender bender

Question 36

to breathe out slowly making a long soft sound, especially because you are disappointed, tired, annoyed, or relaxed

Answer 36

**sigh** /saɪ/ ## Footnote But today, we are usually not in a fight for our lives when we are stressed. This wears on our body's response to stress. When we are tired or depressed, we breathe more deeply, exhaling heavily and **sighing**. This is because our bodies are in need of a proper oxygen supply. They are run down.

Question 37

....... is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble those of a dominant group

Answer 37

**Cultural assimilation**

Question 38

habits lead to the development of multiple good habits. They start a chain effect in your life that produces a number of positive outcomes.

Answer 38

**“keystone habit"**

Question 39

hard but easily broken

Answer 39

brittle ## Footnote after 13,000 years in the water, the bone is brittle. =hard, stiff, inelastic, fragile, breakable, delicate, frail, weak antonym: robust

Question 40

delicate and complicated in an attractive way

Answer 40

**subtle** /ˈsʌt(ə)l/ ## Footnote The deepest principles of yoga are based on a ***subtle*** and profound appreciation of how the human system is constructed.

Question 41

an activity or subject that you know a lot about

Answer 41

**specialization** ## Footnote You undoubtedly have a **specialization**. A “thing you’re good at.” And that’s fine. But don’t let it define you too much. You’re allowed to change course, pivot your interests, and most importantly—you’re allowed to tackle as big of a challenge as you want, no matter the doubters. It is not only your right, but some may even say it is your duty.

Question 42

​in a way that shows that you are slightly surprised

Answer 42

**quizzically** ## Footnote When you describe your job, they ask: what do you do with NASA? And I said I am a flight director She looked at him **quizzically**. =inquiringly, curiously, questioningly, sardonically, ironically

Question 43

a treatment for pain and disease that involves pushing special needles into parts of the body

Answer 43

**acupuncture** ## Footnote Written over 2,300 years ago, The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal medicine explains **acupuncture** treatments, which focus on the flow of chi, or vital energy, along 12 body channels, or meridians. Needles are inserted into the skin along these meridians to rebalance the body forces known as Yin (cool and female) and Yang (hot and male). Latin acus "needle"

Question 44

to make a relationship between people, countries, or organizations firm and strong

Answer 44

cement ## Footnote Religion provided a means to communicate with these gods, through ritual and prayer, and these practices—when shared by members of a community—helped to cement social groups, enforce hierarchies, and provide a deep sense of collective identity. ----\>a grey powder made from lime and clay that becomes hard when it is mixed with water and allowed to dry, and that is used in building سیمان

Question 45

a slender threadlike object or fiber, especially one found in animal or plant structures.

Answer 45

***filament/***/ˈfɪləmənt/ ## Footnote The tongue recognizes four tastes (sweet, salty, sour, and bitter), and the nasal fossas contain cells that have more than 200 million **filaments**, called cilia, which are capable of detecting thousands of odors.

Question 46

**result of action**: something, especially an unforeseen problem, that results from an action (often used in the plural)

Answer 46

**repercussion** kublai khan: those who disgree with my actions, Speaks without **repercussion.** **=**consequence, effect, upshot, impact, aftermath, outcome, ramification, corollary, influence, implication, result

Question 47

German occult society founded in Munich in 1918 This was an anti-Semitic, Anti-Communism and populist society that had links with Adolf Hitler through the German Workers' Party (later National Socialist German Workers Party).

Answer 47

Thule Society ## Footnote Dietrich Eckart, a central figure in the Thule Group, also played a prominent part in the committee of the German Workers' Party and became one of the seven founder members of the Nazi Party.

Question 48

animals such as cows, sheep, and pigs that are kept on farms

Answer 48

**livestock**

Question 49

severe malnutrition in infants and children especially of impoverished regions caused by a diet low in protein

Answer 49

kwashiorkor Kwashiorkor results from a lack of protein in the diet, usually occurring in young children after weaning. "1935, from a native name in Ghana for the disease." کواشیورکور

Question 50

the description of the structure of a DNA molecule

Answer 50

Double Helix ## Footnote A DNA molecule consists of two strands that wind around each other like a twisted ladder. Each strand has a backbone made of alternating groups of sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.

Question 51

to make someone very interested in knowing more about something, especially something that seems mysterious

Answer 51

**intrigue** /ɪnˈtriːɡ/ ## Footnote How can you use your first impression, conversation starters, and introduction to get to know someone? The first five hacks are all about tapping into what **intrigues** people so you can be the most memorable person in the room.

Question 52

to take selfish or unfair advantage of a person or situation, usually for personal gain

Answer 52

**exploit** ## Footnote Data is the most valuable asset on Earth, and technology companies like Facebook, Google, Amazon and Tesla are valuable because they have been **exploiting** people's assets. (The Great hack)

Question 53

## Footnote used in ancient writing system: relating or belonging to a writing system in which **wedge-shaped impressions** were made in **soft clay**. There were several such writing systems in **ancient Southwest Asia**, including one for Sumerian. خط میخی

Answer 53

**cuneiform** Latin cuneus "wedge"

Question 54

the ability to make good judgments about people or about art, music, style etc

Answer 54

**discernment** /dɪˈsɜː(r)nmənt/ ## Footnote He shows great **discernment** in his choice of friends. She is a woman of the highest taste and **discernment**. =judgment, acumen, discrimination, perspicacity, taste, shrewdness, sensitivity, selectivity

Question 55

a parrot with a prominent crest, often with white or light-colored feathers. Native to: Australia, New Guinea, South and Southeast Asia. Family: Cacatuidae

Answer 55

cockatoo

Question 56

the predictable way the body responds to stress as described by Hans Selye (1907-1982)

Answer 56

**General adaptation syndrome (GAS)** ## Footnote During the 1950s, Hans Selye identified what he called the "**general adaptation syndrome" (GAS)**, the phenomenon that all organisms have a similar response when confronted with a challenge to their well-being, regardless of whether they see the challenge as positive or negative. **GAS** is comprised of three stages of response. 1-alarm reaction (fight-or-flight response)---\>2-resistance---\>3-exhaustion

Answer 57

immunoglobulin ## Footnote also known as antibodies

Question 58

are three bones in either middle ear that are among the smallest bones in the human body. They serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth (cochlea). The absence of the auditory ossicles would constitute a moderate-to-severe hearing loss.

Answer 58

ossicles (the little bones) ## Footnote sounds starts as air vibration, which then move our eardrums and the little bones (Ossicles) and then finally fluid in the cochlea and that trigers hair cells to fire.

Question 59

## Footnote track down: to track or pursue somebody or something until captured or found

Answer 59

**hunt down** ## Footnote The USA invaded Iraq and Afghanestan, **hunting down** al-Qaeda terrorists. =find, catch, track down, capture, get hold of, seek out antonym: flee

Question 60

The correct or acceptable way of communicating on the internet.

Answer 60

**netiquette** ## Footnote **Netiquette**" is network etiquette, the do's and don'ts of online communication. **Netiquette** covers both common courtesy online and the informal "rules of the road" of cyberspace. **Network+​etiquette**

Question 61

a major hero in ancient Mesopotamian mythology

Answer 61

**Gilgamesh** ## Footnote an important Middle Eastern literary work, written in cuneiform on 12 clay tablets about 2000 bc. This heroic poem is named for its hero, Gilgamesh, a tyrannical Babylonian king who ruled the city of Uruk, known in the Bible as Erech (now Al Warkā’, Iraq).

Question 62

someone or something that is able to make people become peaceful or calm

Answer 62

**pacifier** /ˈpæsɪˌfaɪə(r)/ ## Footnote Nutrition, or more accurately food, serves as a **pacifier** for most of us. It is a stress reliever and social activity.

Question 63

the Nazis' perception that Nazi Germany was the successor of the earlier Holy Roman (800–1806) and German (1871–1918) empires. The regime ended after the Allies defeated Germany in May 1945, ending World War II in Europe.

Answer 63

Third Reich ## Footnote this is the story of Hitler's henchman, the jealousy, power struggle and fawing sycophants that will create a monster and fuel the most horrors of the Third Reich.

Question 64

an additional idea or emotion that a word suggests to you, in addition to its literal or main meaning

Answer 64

**connotation** /ˌkɒnəˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ ## Footnote Today the word stress has many different definitions and **connotations**. According to Seaward (2011), in Eastern philosophies stress is considered to be the absence of inner peace; in Western culture it is considered the loss of control.

Question 65

the action of keeping something harmful under control or within limits.

Answer 65

containment ## Footnote "the containment of the epidemic" Information about this agency must be treated like a virus. There is only one response to a Virus; and that response is containment" (Alias S01E01) بازداری، تحدید نفوذ، محدود نگاهداشتن

Question 66

an intense but short-lived passion or admiration for someone or something.

Answer 66

infatuation **infatuation with:** * the current infatuation with seventies style * Shaw’s infatuation with the actress is evident in his writing =passion, obsession, craze, love, fascination, crush (informal), fixation, rapture, enchantment antonym: disenchantment

Question 67

in Norse mythology, the god of thunder and the strongest of the gods.

Answer 67

Thor ## Footnote The word ‘Thursday’ is based on his name.

Question 68

your self-identity. It's the part that separates you from everything else, the part that creates narratives about the outside world and your story in it.

Answer 68

ego

Question 69

Proteins are broken down into .....and .......

Answer 69

**peptides** **amino acids** Peptides are formed by linking one or more amino acids with a covalent bond. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and there are 20 of them. Humans can produce some of these 20 amino acids and the others must be obtained in food ("essential amino acids").

Question 70

oversimplifying complex things and ignoring their subtleties or important details

Answer 70

reductive ## Footnote the idea that we are simply animals that only really care about reproducing, seems incredibly reductive.

Question 71

## Footnote originate from something: to originate from a particular source His behavior seems to spring from an innate sense of insecurity.

Answer 71

**spring** ## Footnote Ultimately, every species on Earth is desended from a single common ancestor, just as the branches on a tree all **spring** from a single trunk.

Question 72

a substance in coffee and tea that makes you feel awake

Answer 72

**caffeine** /ˈkæfiːn/ ## Footnote Stress may lead to the consumption of **caffeinated** drinks or substances (such as chocolate). **Caffeine** stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and has a direct effect on the brain. The stimulant effect of **caffeine** triggers the release of several stress hormones, creating a cycle of heightened awareness and fatigue when the body finally metabolizes the **caffeine**. As a well-documented diuretic, **caffeine** has been widely reported to decrease vitamin D and calcium uptake as well as decrease bone mineral density. This can lead to accelerated bone loss and increase risk for osteoporosis. Vitamin D suppression can also affect immune function. Formula: C8H10N4O2

Question 73

one of the most common exercises used to train the abdominal muscles.

Answer 73

Abdominal Crunch ## Footnote Like situps, crunches help you build muscle. But unlike situps, they work only the abdominal muscles. This intense muscle isolation makes them a popular exercise for people trying to get six-pack abs. This also makes them ideal for strengthening your core, which includes your lower back muscles and obliques

Question 74

the outer layer of the cerebrum, composed of folded gray matter and playing an important role in consciousness.

Answer 74

cerebral cortex ## Footnote (also cortex) At birth the infant brain contains 100 billion neurons. That is about as many nerve cells as there are stars in the entire Milky Way Galaxy! Then as the infant receives messages from the senses, the ***cerebral cortex*** begins its dynamic development.

Question 75

The skin is one of the most important organs of the body. It contains approximately .....tiny nerve endings that transmit sensations.

Answer 75

five million

Question 76

a German word meaning "leader" or "guide". As a political title it is associated with the Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler.

Answer 76

der Führer (the leader)

Question 77

negative effect caused by nothing but the mind

Answer 77

nocebo ## Footnote Nocebo: A negative placebo effect as, for example, when patients taking medications experience adverse side effects unrelated to the specific pharmacological action of the drug. ... Nocebo comes from the Latin noceo, to harm and means "I shall harm" whereas placebo means "I shall please."

Question 78

Carbohydrates are eaten and digested. They are then converted to a sugar called .... , which is the main human fuel.

Answer 78

- glucose Some glucose is used right away, some is stored as glycogen, and left over glucose is converted to fat. When the body needs more energy, it converts stored glycogen back to glucose to be used in the cells. C6H12O6 GK: glykys : sweet

Question 79

to gradually become less successful and end in a disappointing way

Answer 79

**fizzle out** ## Footnote What about stars, which are so far away that, by the time their light reaches us and we can see them, they may have **fizzled out**? =come to an end finish, end, conclude, stop, cease, run out, run your term, fizzle out antonym: continue

Question 80

there is ill will between two people or groups. /phrase

Answer 80

love lost ## Footnote There's no love lost between him and the company since he was passed over for a promotion.

Question 81

LIVE AS IF YOU WERE TO DIE TOMORROW.... (quotation)

Answer 81

... LEARN AS IF YOU WERE TO LIVE FOREVER. Mahatma Gandhi

Question 82

extreme and sudden

Answer 82

drastic * NATO threatened drastic action if its terms were not met. * drastic cuts in government spending * Drastic changes are needed if environmental catastrophe is to be avoided. =radical, severe, extreme, dire, sweeping, far-reaching, harsh, strong, desperate antonym: modest

Question 83

very shocking and immoral

Answer 83

heinous ## Footnote a **heinous crime** =monstrous, atrocious, odious, terrible, dreadful, shocking, scandalous, wicked, evil

Question 84

Tending to spread very quickly and undesirably or harmfully.

Answer 84

invasive patients suffering from invasive cancer. opp: noninvasive

Question 85

a greater amount than you need or want

Answer 85

**plethora** /ˈpleθərə/ ## Footnote The United States has a **plethora** of "supersize" food options in the fast food industry, and **ubiquitous** warehouse stores offer enormous containers of all kinds of food.

Question 86

work that is not very exciting but provides you with most of the money that you need in order to live

Answer 86

bread and butter their bread and butter is reporting local events

Question 87

unable or unwilling to believe something

Answer 87

incredulous ## Footnote it sounds kind of incredulous You sold the car?’ she asked, incredulous **incredulous look/expression/voice etc** She shot him an incredulous look. =disbelieving, skeptical, unbelieving, doubtful, doubting, unconvinced, suspicious antonym: convinced

Question 88

Vitamin C is used to make ......., a protein that gives your skin both strength and elasticity.

Answer 88

collagen ## Footnote Greek kolla "glue" + -gen "giving birth to"

Question 89

a form of meditation in which physical actions are involved.

Answer 89

Dynamic meditation ## Footnote There's Dynamic Meditation, which is supposed to break old thought patterns. You may recognise it from covergae of the Rajneeshpuram community. The term appears in the early 1970s when Osho's descriptions of his "Rajneesh Dhyan Yoga," developed at meditation camps in the Indian mountains, were translated into English.[1] His prototypical method is still named "Dynamic Meditation."

Question 90

to give someone part of an amount of something that is available, or to decide that something will be used for a specific purpose

Answer 90

**allot** /əˈlɒt/ the people of the Fertile Crescent were able to grow and store protein dense food like wheat, barley, and peas which grew abundantly in the area. In the end, this **allotted** them more time to develop weapons of war. Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond

Question 91

A nurse trained to deliver babies

Answer 91

midwife ## Footnote Until the 19th century, women took on only very minor medical roles, except as midwifes. These Swedish women learning anatomy, in a photograph from about 1880, are probably training for midwifery

Question 92

(usually disapproving) a person or group whose actions are controlled by another

Answer 92

**puppet** ## Footnote Since 1934, Cuba has been ruled by a number of **puppet** governments, under the control of general Fulgencio Batista.

Question 93

the thick string of nerves enclosed in your spine, by which messages are sent to and from your brain

Answer 93

Spinal Cord ## Footnote The nervous system is a complex network of sensory cells, originating in the brain and spinal cord, that transmits signals throughout the body, employing a caravan of chemical messengers to make sense of this marvelous complex that we catalogue as touch, taste, smell, hearing, and vision.

Question 94

a mythical creature with the head of a human and the body of a lion. In Greek tradition, the sphinx has the head of a human, the haunches of a lion, and sometimes the wings of a bird. It is mythicised as treacherous and merciless.

Answer 94

Sphinx ## Footnote Great Sphinx of Giza

Question 95

DNA stands for

Answer 95

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 96

unconventional: failing to follow conventional or traditional beliefs or practices

Answer 96

**unorthodox** ## Footnote In Darwin's day the idea of Evolution was regarded highly **unorthodox** because it went against all of natural history =unconventional unconventional, untraditional, unusual, eccentric, heretical, anarchic, revolutionary, nonconformist antonym: orthodox or·tho·dox \< Greek orthodoxos "having the correct opinion" \< doxa "opinion"]

Question 97

Swiss psychiatrist, who founded the analytical school of psychology.

Answer 97

**Carl Jung (**1875-1961)

Question 98

[not before noun] ready or made available when needed

Answer 98

**forthcoming** ## Footnote Financial support was not **forthcoming**. Help was immediately **forthcoming**. available, ready, offered, supplied, in the offing, there antonym: unavailable

Question 99

disturbance: a strong or sudden change in political, social, or living conditions

Answer 99

upheaval * political upheaval * Moving house is a **major upheaval**. * Upheavals across the globe, sparked an ambitious vision of what humans could acheive...spareheaded by three trailblazers: Socrates, Confucius and Buddha. =disturbance, turmoil, disorder, confusion, cataclysm, commotion, disruption, mayhem (informal) antonym: peace

Question 100

to be willing and prepared to help or defend someone; to look out for someone in case they need assistance.

Answer 100

**have (got) (someone's) back** ## Footnote I've got your back if they ever come bother you again.

Question 101

suitable or right for a particular situation or purpose

Answer 101

appropriate /əˈprəʊpriət/ ## Footnote It’s appropriate to wear a suit when you go to the office. =suitable, fitting, apt, apposite, right, correct, applicable antonym: inappropriate

Question 102

known as the Angel of Death (German: Todesengel), was a German SS officer and physician during World War II, conducted inhumane medical experiments on prisoners in the Auschwitz

Answer 102

**Dr.Josef Mengele (**1911 – 1979)

Question 103

a rude violent man

Answer 103

lout Charles Bukowski was an alcoholic, a womanizer, a chronic gambler, a lout, a cheapskate, a deadbeat, and on his worst days, a poet. He’s probably the last person on earth you would ever look to for life advice or expect to see in any sort of self-help book. • Only a lout would treat a woman that way. • What a clumsy lout he was! =yob

Question 104

a school of yoga that is influenced by Shaktism and Tantra schools of Hinduism

Answer 104

Kundalini yoga It derives its name through a focus on awakening kundalini energy through regular practice of mantra, tantra, yantra, yoga or meditation. kuṇḍalin means "circular", Sanskrit, literally "snake"

Question 105

DMT stands for

Answer 105

**Dimethyltryptamine** ## Footnote Ayahuasca contains Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a molecule shaped very similar to Serotonin, serotonin neurotransmitter in our brains. ingesting Ayahuasca and flooding the brain with DMT leads to what many describe as spirtual expriences. strong, vivid visions, a sense of oneness with the universe, even a sense of one's self dying.

Question 106

something that has not been planned or organized, but happens by itself, or because you suddenly feel you want to do it

Answer 106

spontaneous * The crowd gave a spontaneous cheer. * My spontaneous reaction was to run away. =impulsive, unprompted, spur-of-the-moment, natural, artless, unstructured, unplanned, extemporaneous, free, instinctive, unrehearsed, unconstrained antonym: planned

Question 107

cosmic energy as conceived in Hindu thought

Answer 107

Shakti शक्ति, "power, energy, capability"

Question 108

when a dog moves its tail many times from one side to the other

Answer 108

**wag** ## Footnote Every time they got near him, he backed off, ecstatic with excitement, tail **wagging** furiously.

Question 109

the equipment in a vehicle that you use to control the direction it goes in

Answer 109

**steering** ## Footnote When I was born, I donned a spacesuit for living on this plane. It was this body, this is my spacesuit, and It had a **steering** mechanism, my prefrontal lobes, and all the brain motors, coordinating stuff.

Question 110

the most concentrated form of energy

Answer 110

**fat**

Question 111

a violent person, especially a criminal

Answer 111

thug ## Footnote "he was attacked by a gang of thugs" =brute, hooligan (informal), heavy (slang), ruffian (dated), criminal, mugger, hood (US, slang), hoodlum, gangster, goon, yob (UK, informal)

Question 112

the final state of complete knowledge and understanding that is the aim of believers in Buddhism

Answer 112

nirvana ## Footnote **Nirvana spiritual enlightenment** Finally the Buddha searching deep in his humanity, he was able to root outand permanently extinguish craving, ignorance and delusion. He had finally broken free of the cycle of death and rebirth and attained enlightmant... **Nirvana**.

Question 113

study of environmental balance: a Chinese system that studies people's relationships to their environment, especially their home or workspace, in order to achieve maximum harmony with the spiritual forces believed to influence all places

Answer 113

**feng shui** ## Footnote **Feng Shui** is based on the Daoist thought, everything around us is connected, everything is made of energy, we are all connected through energy, **Feng** is wind and **Shui** is water. It's an energy we can not destroy or create, it is alwayes there. but we can divert and harness it. I was going say in Chinese: they say Birds DO not fly, they are flown. Fish do not swim, they are carried. they are swum by water. (the story of God. S01E06) Chinese, from fēng ‘wind’ and shuǐ ‘water’.

Question 114

when neurons fire together, ...

Answer 114

.... they wire together. Our brain cells communicate with one another via synaptic transmission–one brain cell releases a chemical (neurotransmitter) that the next brain cell absorbs. This communication process is known as “neuronal firing.” When brain cells communicate frequently, the connection between them strengthens. Messages that travel the same pathway in the brain over & over begin to transmit faster & faster. With enough repetition, they become automatic. That’s why we practice things like hitting a golf ball–with enough practice, we can go on automatic pilot.

Question 116

Some energy can be stored in the muscles and the Liver as (......) but these stores fill up quickly so your body will store any aditional Calories in form of body fat.

Answer 116

glycogen ## Footnote Formula: (C6H10O5)n

Question 117

a chemical used for killing insects, especially those that damage crops

Answer 117

**pesticide** ## Footnote A commitment to organic agriculture also supports environmental health on all levels by avoiding the use of **pesticides**, herbicides, and chemical fertilizers.

Question 118

specific part of left hemispher realted to comprehending speech (but not producing speech)

Answer 118

wernicke's Area ## Footnote patients who damaged wernicke's Area can speak fluently but they are unable to understand language.

Question 119

notorious: having an extremely bad reputation

Answer 119

infamous ## Footnote this picture was painted by Charles Manson, infamous cult leader who convinced his foloowers to commit a series of nine horrific murders in Los Angeles.

Question 120

are considered to be the ancestors of most of the indigenous cultures of the Americas

Answer 120

Clovis People

Question 121

very desirable physically, especially with a strong and direct sexual presence

Answer 121

**luscious** ## Footnote Her **luscious** body =scrumptious

Question 122

If you are ..... certain things, they are all around you.

Answer 122

**among** ## Footnote There was a red apple among the green ones

Question 123

antisemitic and racist laws in Nazi Germany.

Answer 123

Nuremberg race laws ## Footnote September 15, 1935 The Nuremberg Race Laws were actually comprised of two separate pieces of legislation: The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, and The Reich Citizenship Law. The former law made a sharp distinction between “Germans” and “Jews,” forbidding intermarriage and sexual relations between members of these groups. The second stripped German Jews of their citizenship, by defining a Reich citizen as a “subject of the state who is of German or related blood,”

Question 124

the worship of an "idol", also known as a worship cult image, in the form of a physical image, such as a statue

Answer 124

**idolatry** (or image-worship) Hinduism is generally viewed as having originated with the Aryans, but it is far more accurately described as an amalgam of pre-Aryan and Aryan elements. For instance, **image-worship**, which predominates in popular Hinduism, finds almost no mention in the Vedas. Shiva, the all-important god besides Vishnu, is almost certainly a non-Aryan god (absent in the Vedas) who eventually made his way into the Hindu pantheon. The innumerable mother goddesses (devis) who spangle Hinduism are also non-Aryan. بت‌پرستی

Question 125

to reduce the amount of something that is present or available

Answer 125

**deplete** /dɪˈpliːt/ ## Footnote stress begins to **deplete** nutrients (such as water-soluble vitamins and several essential minerals) in the body.

Question 126

sexual heat: a regular period of sexual excitement in many female mammals, during which the animal seeks to mate

Answer 126

estrus ## Footnote Most female mammals look and act different around the days they're ovulating, called "estrus," signaling they ant it, so come and get it.

Question 127

were a wide variety of mainly **Turkoman Shia militant groups** that flourished in Iranian Azerbaijan, Anatolia and Kurdistan from the late 15th century onwards, and contributed to the foundation of the Safavid dynasty of Iran.

Answer 127

**Qizilbash قزلباش‎ (Red-Head)** لغت قزلباش از دو واژهٔ ترکی آذربایجانیِ قزل به معنی «زرین و سرخ» و باش به معنی «سر» تشکیل یافته است. وجه تسمیهٔ آن مربوط می‌شود به کلاه سرخی که پیروان این طریقت به سر داشتند

Question 128

Five Diet & Nutrition Principles:

Answer 128

1. Calorie Balance (=How Much You Eat) 2. Macronutrien Amout (=What You Eat-\>Protein,Carbs,Fat) 3. Nutrient Timing (=When You Eat) 4. Food Composition 5. Supplements

Question 129

to mention something or someone indirectly

Answer 129

allude The Sanskrit word हठ haṭha literally means "force" and thus alludes to a system of physical techniques.

Question 130

What are our five senses?

Answer 130

**sight, smell, touch, hearing and taste** ## Footnote Well, our five senses – **sight, smell, touch, hearing and taste** – do a pretty good job of convincing us that many things are real.

Question 131

very bad, awful, terrible

Answer 131

**lousy** ## Footnote What lousy weather! I’ve had a lousy day. She felt lousy (= ill). The food here is really lousy!

Question 132

fertile area in Middle East: area of fertile land in Southwest Asia reaching from Israel to the Persian Gulf and incorporating the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Iraq.

Answer 132

**Fer·tile Cres·cent** ## Footnote The ancient Babylonian, Sumerian, Assyrian, Phoenician, and Hebrew civilizations arose here. هلال حاصلخیز

Question 133

be relaxed and accept a situation, rather than trying to alter or control it. (expression)

Answer 133

go with the flow

Question 134

a Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he ruled as the chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976.

Answer 134

Mao Zedong ## Footnote after WW2 China is torn apart by a brutal civil war between the US backed-nationalists led by Chiang Kai-Shek, and the communist army and its leader Mao Zedong.

Question 135

they play a vital role in the body's immune systemby recognizing and fighting infection

Answer 135

White blood cells ## Footnote the outer coat of the HIV virus locks onto a particular type of White blood cell. over time these cells are killed off. and the body ability to recognize and fight infection begins to decline. when the cells are depleted, the resault is AIDS and the body become lethally vulnerable to diseases like pneumonia and cancer.

Question 136

odd: strange, unexpected, or hard to explain

Answer 136

**curious** ## Footnote Today's Cuba is a **curious** mix of tropical paradise and quaint nostalgia. (THe cuba libre story) =peculiar, odd, strange, unusual, intriguing, remarkable, bizarre, weird antonym: ordinary

Question 137

a well-known phrase that says something about life and human experience

Answer 137

**adage** /ˈædɪdʒ/ ## Footnote The old **adage**"Let food be your medicine, and let medicine be your food" supports the guidelines below: Consume a good supply of antioxidants (such as beta-carotene, vitamins C and E, and selenium). These are found in fresh fruits, vegetables, and fresh herbs. Choose foods that will eventually rot. This usually means they are whole, fresh foods.

Question 138

show something clearly

Answer 138

**manifest** ## Footnote Social tensions were **manifested** in the recent political crisis. =apparent, unmistakable, clear, obvious, distinct, noticeable antonym: unclear

Question 139

The Three Major Stress Hormones

Answer 139

**Adrenaline, Cortisol, Norepinephrine** ## Footnote stress is the feeling you exprience when the level of stress hormones in your body becomes noticeable.

Question 140

was a Nazi plan for the genocide of Jews during World War II.

Answer 140

Final solution (Endlösung) ## Footnote The term “Final Solution of the Jewish Question” was a euphemism used by Nazi Germany’s leaders. It referred to the mass murder of Europe’s Jews. It brought an end to policies aimed at encouraging or forcing Jews to leave the German Reich and other parts of Europe. Those policies were replaced by systematic annihilation.

Question 141

to surprise, interest, frighten etc someone so much that they do not move

Answer 141

transfix ## Footnote Eckart after listening to young Hitler speech was transfixed. and Eckart realises that this is the man. He sees the man to take his message to the people, to spread the Aryan ideals beyond the metropolitian elite, perhaps even inspire a nation.

Question 142

to state officially that someone who has been blamed for something is not guilty

Answer 142

exonerate ## Footnote As of October 2019, 367 convicted people have been exonerated through DNA OPP: blame

Question 143

Weak Point

Answer 143

**Weak Point** ## Footnote Bodies have at least one **weak point**...Try to learn your **weak points**. Do you get sore throats, upset stomachs, or feel weak? These **weak points** are signaling that your equilibrium is becoming unbalanced and needs attention.

Question 144

to admit that you have lost a game, an election, etc.

Answer 144

**concede** ## Footnote Sen Graham: Trump should not **concede** After losing this decisive battle, the general was forced to **concede**.

Question 145

a loss of memory-access to events that occurred or information that was learned in the past. It is caused by an injury or the onset of a disease.

Answer 145

Retrograde amnesia (RA)

Question 146

​very cruel and making you feel shocked, very bad or unpleasant

Answer 146

**atrocious**

Question 148

any of the pathways along which the body's vital energy flows according to the theory behind acupuncture

Answer 148

meridian ## Footnote Written over 2,300 years ago, The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal medicine explains acupuncture treatments, which focus on the flow of chi, or vital energy, along 12 body channels, or **meridians**. Needles are inserted into the skin along these meridians to rebalance the body forces known as Yin (cool and female) and Yang (hot and male).

Question 149

somebody or something that hinders or prevents progress

Answer 149

obstacle ## Footnote Karl Marx and the young Hegelians believed that the single greatest obstacle to human progress was religion, so they set out to critique and attack it

Question 150

to cut grass, etc. using a machine or tool with a special blade (= sharp cutting edge) or blades

Answer 150

**mow** **(mow - mowd - mown)** the smell of freshly **mown** grass The lawn needs **mowing** every week in summer. =scythe, cut down, shear, trim, clip, cut

Question 151

a military force consisting of a group of aircraft or ships

Answer 151

squadron گردان هوایی, (نیروی دریایی) ناوسپاه

Question 152

the point at which a nervous impulse passes from one neuron to another

Answer 152

synapse ## Footnote The signals are sent through a gap called a synapse by means of a complex electrochemical process. ="junction between two nerve cells" Greek synapsis (συνάψις), meaning "conjunction", was introduced in 1897 by the English neurophysiologist Charles Sherrington

Question 153

Every Habit has a three part Structure: (Habit Loop)

Answer 153

Cue, Routine, Reward ## Footnote Cue : a trigger for an automatic Routne: the brahvouir itself Reward: what you get from finishing a specific routine

Question 154

**encapsulate**

Answer 154

**encapsulate** ## Footnote The body begins to adapt and compensate for its losses. It might isolate an injured organ, develop new ways to communicate to the rest of the body through collateral circulation or developing new nerve pathways, or develop a wall to contain an infection through **encapsulation**.

Question 155

a substance that makes you feel more awake when you eat it or drink it

Answer 155

**stimulant** /ˈstɪmjʊlənt/ ## Footnote How many **stimulants** are in your diet? If you can't sleep by your target time, try cutting **stimulants** in your diet—especially products like coffee, chocolate, and black tea.

Question 156

melatonin

Answer 156

melatonin ## Footnote Bright light stimulates the release of serotonin, the hormone that wakes you up and helps the brain reduce levels of **melatonin**, the sleep hormone.

Question 157

to prevent someone or something from continuing

Answer 157

halt ## Footnote orders arrived halting all air operations on the western front =stop, pause, end, terminate

Question 158

to happen, especially unexpectedly

Answer 158

**occur** /əˈkɜː(r)/ ## Footnote Naturopaths feel that infections seldom **occur** if the body is looked after in the way that nature intended. They also believe that the body will cure itself of anything as long it takes in only pure air and water, is kept clean, and is given the right food and healthy activities. But they also believe that illness is natural and that methods to cure should follow the same natural principles.

Question 159

known as Vitamin A₁

Answer 159

Retinol Retinol is used to treat vitamin A deficiency. C20H29OH from retina + -ol.

Question 160

the interior part of the frontal lobe

Answer 160

**prefrontal cortex** ## Footnote "Prefrontal Cortex" is the most evloved part of the brain an dis the responsible for positive capacities like concentration, happiness, creativity and rational thinking. Studies using EGG have shown that meditation strengthens communication between the **prefrontal cortex** and other area of the brain.

Question 161

extremely good, enjoyable, impressive etc

Answer 161

marvelous ## Footnote How can we understand what we are? What are we made of? Are we aware that all that we do—including reading this book—is the work of a marvelous machine? SYN wonderful

Question 162

connected with something, but less important than the main thing

Answer 162

**ancillary** ## Footnote In many religions, alongside this narrative, is a more sophisticated and systematic element, which explains the philosophy and doctrine of the religion, and lays out its distinctive theology. Some of these **ancillary** texts have themselves acquired canonical status.

Question 163

Amount of Energy needed to raise temperature of 1 Litre of Water by 1 degree Celsius

Answer 163

calorie ## Footnote A potato has about 90 calories. a calorie-controlled diet **low-calorie/high-calorie** a low-calorie snack I need to **burn off** a few **calories** (=lose some weight by exercising). My wife convinced me to finally start **counting calories** (=control my weight by being careful about what I eat). Latin calor “heat”

Question 164

## Footnote setting in which something happens: the scene of an event or series of events

Answer 164

**stage** George Orwel once wrote: "No one ever seize power with the intention of relinquishing it." Human history suggests that this is certainly true. but some people have been much more successful seizing control others. and their audacius power grabs have shaped the modern world. (How to stage a coup" documentary) =put on, perform, present, show, play, act, do

Question 165

a Syrian politician who has been the President of Syria since 17 July 2000.

Answer 165

**Bashar al-Assad** ## Footnote In addition, he is commander-in-chief of the Syrian Armed Forces and Regional Secretary of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party's branch in Syria. His father, Hafez al-Assad, was President of Syria from 1971 to 2000.

Question 166

a small coloured glass ball that children roll along the ground as part of a game

Answer 166

marble ## Footnote if every atom of your hand was the size of a marble, your fist would be the size of Earth. تیله ... سنگ مرمر

Question 167

to try very hard

Answer 167

**endeavor** /ɪnˈdev-ər/ ## Footnote We always endeavor to please our customers. British English ... \>endeavour

Question 168

An animal that feeds on carrion, dead plant material, or refuse.

Answer 168

Scavenger - Many ppl view crows as schemer, a scavenger and a dreaded omen of death - foxes are great scavengers

Question 169

the process of offering valid and well-reasoned opinions about the work of others, usually involving both positive and negative comments, in a friendly manner rather than an oppositional one.

Answer 169

**constructive criticism** ## Footnote Perhaps I will develop an advanced course if I discover a need for one. I welcome constructive criticism.

Question 170

all the gods of a particular people or nation

Answer 170

pantheon ## Footnote As societies became more complex, their belief systems grew with them and religion was increasingly deployed as a political tool. Military conquests were often followed by the assimilation of the pantheon of the defeated people by the victors; and kingdoms and empires were often supported by their deities and priestly classes. also: a religious building that is built in honour of all gods Greek pan- "all" + theos "god"

Question 171

the act of getting control of a country by fighting

Answer 171

**conquest** ## Footnote the Spanish **conquest** of the Inca Empire antonym: surrender

Question 172

the state of not being as good as somebody/something else

Answer 172

**inferiority** ## Footnote In any group of people such as a society, community, county, or region, where there are shared similarities, there are typically superior and inferior parties. The superiority or **inferiority** is often determined by what the group of people defines to be the criteria for the same. =mediocrity, weakness, inadequacy, shoddiness, meanness, poor quality antonym: superiority

Question 173

## Footnote a powdery substance produced by flowering plants that contains male reproductive cells. It is carried by wind and insects to other plants, which it fertilizes. گرده، دانه گرده، گرده افشانی کردن

Answer 173

pollen ## Footnote if the birds didn’t carry **pollen** from flower to flower, we would reject the hypothesis that they facilitate **pollination**.

Question 174

they were the knights, soldiers and explorers of the Spanish and the Portuguese Empire.

Answer 174

**Conquistador** ## Footnote During the Age of Discovery, **conquistadors** sailed beyond Europe to the Americas, Oceania, Africa, and Asia, conquering territory and opening trade routes.

Question 175

to be the most important aspect or element of something

Answer 175

dominate ## Footnote Japan has been described as a shame based culture, where the fear of letting down family or society dominates almost everything else.

Question 176

to feel very worried about something that might happen or something that is going to happen

Answer 176

**dread** /dred/ ## Footnote When you force yourself to go to events you are dreading, you are not only miserable, but your misery is contagious.

Question 177

to refuse to consider someone’s idea, opinion etc, because you think it is not serious, true, or important

Answer 177

dismiss ## Footnote early religions beliefs are now often dismissed as mythology, but many elements of these ancient narrative traditions persist in today’s faiths. =reject, set aside, think no more of, write off (informal), put out of your mind, shelve, disdain, scorn antonym: dwell on

Question 178

German-born American political scientist, noted for her writings on totalitarianism

Answer 178

**Hannah Arendt** (1906-1975) ## Footnote **Notable works:** The Origins of Totalitarianism(1951) Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil(1963) On Revolution(1963) Men in Dark Times(1968) Civil Disobedience(1972)

Question 179

What are the 3 stages of stress?

Answer 179

the **alarm**, **resistance** and **exhaustion** stages

Question 180

the food that a person or animal usually eats

Answer 180

**diet** ## Footnote **Diet** is the food people eat. **Nutrition** refers to the ingestion of foods and their relationship to health. **Nutrients** are chemicals in food that are used by the body for growth, maintenance, and energy. **Essential nutrients** are those that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be derived from the diet

Question 181

father of medicine

Answer 181

Hippocrates (C. 460–377 BCE) Greek physician Hippocrates lived during the age of Pericles. Greek 'ιππος (hippos) "horse" and κρατος (kratos) "power". Ιπποκρατης (Hippokrates) which meant "horse power",

Question 182

an oral sex act performed by a person on the vulva or vagina of another person

Answer 182

cunningous ## Footnote from the Latin words for the vulva (cunnus) and the verb "to lick" (lingō)

Question 183

AIDS stands for...

Answer 183

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ## Footnote AIDS can not be spread by casual contact, It can only transmitted through blood, sexual intercourse, pregnancy and breast milk.

Question 184

the explicit memory of every day events (such as times, location geography, associated emotions, and other contextual who, what, when, where, why knowledge) that can be explicitly stated or conjured. It is the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place.

Answer 184

Episodic memory

Answer 185

latitudinally ## Footnote It’s much easier for ideas to spread east and west versus north and south. Why? Because climates generally move latitudinally. This means that food or spices that stored well in southern China, were much more easily transported west to Europe than south to Australia, for example

Question 186

follow the rules and behave according to expected standards of behaviour

Answer 186

fall in line ## Footnote Teachers are expected to fall in line with the new regulations.

Question 187

someone who is weak and thin because they are old or ill

Answer 187

frail ## Footnote frail elderly people her frail health frail body/physique mentally/physically frail =weak weak, fragile, infirm, delicate, feeble, in poor health, puny antonym: robust

Question 188

a neurotransmitter, one of those chemicals that is responsible for transmitting signals between the nerve cells (neurons) of the brain, It is one of the “feel good” chemicals in our brain. Interacting with the pleasure and reward center of our brain

Answer 188

dopamine ## Footnote dopamine — along with other chemicals like serotonin, oxytocin, and endorphins — plays a vital role in how happy we feel. In addition to our mood, dopamine also affects movement, memory, and focus. Formula: C8H11NO2

Question 189

a building in which dead bodies are kept before they are buried or cremated (= burned)

Answer 189

morgue They found his body lying in the city **morgue**. This place is like a **morgue**! =mortuary, funeral parlor, undertaker's, funeral home

Question 190

someone who publicly criticizes the government in a country where this is punished

Answer 190

dissenter ## Footnote to modernize his largely agrarian mega-nation, Mao encourages millions of peseants to leave their farms and work in factories. and to make sure no one has a problem with that he launches the cultural revolution, punishing dissenters by ordering them to reeducation camps

Question 191

to attract or interest someone very much

Answer 191

**captivate**/ˈkæptɪveɪt/ ## Footnote Their romance **captivated** the whole country.

Question 192

To look at or stare at (someone or something)

Answer 192

Eyeball ## Footnote Crows? They look, they think, they eyeball you. = stare at, have a good look at, look at, gaze at, watch, glare at, ogle, eye up

Question 193

**Psychology** **Jung** idea: the unknown dark side of the personality

Answer 193

**shadow** ## Footnote **Jung’s concept** of the **shadow** self—the parts of ourselves that we deny but that still influence our choices—turns out to be more fruitful.(rewire by Richard O'Connor)

Question 194

who discovered X-rays in 1895

Answer 194

Wilhelm Roentgen

Question 195

to defeat an enemy in a battle

Answer 195

**overwhelm** ## Footnote Professor Diamond argues that it is due to geographical chance that certain civilizations were able to spread their empires while others were unable to, or were overwhelmed by these conquerors.

Question 196

a religious group that has different beliefs from other groups within the same religion

Answer 196

denomination ## Footnote The four largest denominations of Hinduism are Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Shaktism, Smartism.

Question 197

one of a group of people fighting against the government of their own country, or against authority SYN rebel

Answer 197

insurgent ## Footnote communist insurgents Fallujah Sunni insurgents

Question 198

warm up in preparation for an activity.

Answer 198

loose up ## Footnote clearly booze loosen everyone up

Question 199

**Naturopaths** believe that four basic components create health:

Answer 199

**"clean air, clean water, clean food**, and **clean living"** ## Footnote All naturopathic treatments concentrate on a variety of these elements, and often all of them combined, to restore health and vitality.

Question 200

a vegetarian who consumes some animal products, such as eggs and dairy. Unlike pescatarians, they do not consume fish or other seafood.

Answer 200

**Lacto-ovo-vegetarian** ## Footnote also **ovo-lacto vegetarian** Lacto-ovo-vegetarians, who eat grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, seeds, nuts, dairy products, and eggs, but exclude meat, fish, and fowl.

Question 201

the central and most important part of a particular place or activity

Answer 201

**hub** (of something) ## Footnote How did Cuba become the **hub** of the slave-trade? =center, core, heart, nucleus, focal point, focus antonym: periphery

Question 202

32nd president of the United States (1933-1945). He served longer than any other president. His unprecedented election to four terms in office will probably never be repeated;

Answer 202

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) ## Footnote Roosevelt held office during two of the greatest crises ever faced by the United States: the Great Depression of the 1930s, followed by World War II (1939-1945).

Question 203

get rid of something completely: to destroy or get rid of something completely, so that it can never recur or return

Answer 203

eradicate ## Footnote farmers stil growing Coca in Columbia beacuse FARC and other groups want COCA so government can not eradicate all COCA farms

Question 204

freed from a difficult situation

Answer 204

to be off the hook ## Footnote I'll let you off the hook this time but never again

Question 205

one of the world's oldest religions that remains active. It is a monotheistic faith (i.e. a single creator God), centered in a dualistic cosmology of good and evil and an eschatology predicting the ultimate destruction of evil.

Answer 205

**Zoroastrianism** ## Footnote (or **Mazdayasna**) Further east, **Zoroastrianism**—the first major known monotheistic religion—had already been established in Persia, and Judaism had emerged as the first of the Abrahamic religions, followed by Christianity and Islam.

Question 206

[for a bit of something] to tear off or separate from something.

Answer 206

**splinter off (of) (something)** ## Footnote In the distant past the peoples now inhabiting **Europe, Persia and India** were all part of one group of tribes now referred to as the **Indo-Europeans**. Living perhaps in **Central Europe**(?), they gradually **splintered off** to form nations of their own. **The Aryans**, part of this complex of peoples, travelled south east, and in the **second and first millenia B.C**. invaded India and Persia. We must not imagine one vast organised army, but rather small tribal groups settling down independently until, after centuries, they became so numerous that they dominated the land. ---\> (Persian Mythology by JOHN R HINNELLS)

Question 207

field of biology that examines periodic phenomena in living organisms and their adaptation to solar- and lunar-related rhythms.

Answer 207

**chronobiology** \ ˌkrä-nō-bī-ˈä-lə-jē\ ## Footnote Researchers at the University of Toronto Center of Sleep and **Chronobiology** are discovering how sleep heals. Dr. Harvey Moldofsky and his colleagues studied the natural rhythm of sleep by interrupting the sleep of a group of medical students. Over several nights, each time the students began their deep sleep phase, the researchers would interfere. After several nights of this, the students began to show symptoms of illness including chronic fatigue syndrome.

Question 208

descend

Answer 208

**descend**/dɪˈsend/ ## Footnote The correct way to breathe effectively is using the diaphragm, a muscle separating the chest from the abdomen. Contractions and relaxation of the diaphragm force the flow of air in and out of the lungs. When one inhales, the diaphragm moves downward, giving the lungs more room to expand. When one exhales, the diaphragm moves upward helping you to force the air out of the lungs. If you do this correctly, your belly will move out with inhalation, which gives the diaphragm more room to descend OPP ascend

Question 209

....... people lived in a place for a very long time before other people came to live there.

Answer 209

**indigenous** /ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs/ ## Footnote For some reason those of European descent were able to colonize **indigenous** peoples of Australia, the New World, and Africa. =native, original, aboriginal, homegrown, local, ethnic Latin indigena, literally "born in"

Question 210

Carbohydrates come in three types:

Answer 210

* Simple (Monosaccharides) * Double (Disaccharides) * Complex (Poly saccharides)

Question 211

very great, having a strong influence or effect

Answer 211

profound /prəˈfaʊnd/ ## Footnote The deepest principles of yoga are based on a subtle and profound appreciation of how the human system is constructed.

Question 212

to cancel or postpone something

Answer 212

scrub ## Footnote NASA'S SPACEX DEMO-2 HAS BEEN SCRUBBED, next launch attemp at 3:22 pm EDT SAT

Question 213

is a kind of hammer, often made of rubber or sometimes wood, that is smaller than a maul or beetle, and usually has a relatively large head.

Answer 213

mallet

Question 214

to get rid of something that is not wanted or needed

Answer 214

**eliminate** /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ ## Footnote All illness has a cause. Self-healing can occur only when that cause is **eliminated**. Naturopaths help clients evaluate their lifestyles, identify the cause of their problem, and take corrective action.

Question 215

​strong paper with a rough surface covered with sand or a similar substance, used for rubbing surfaces in order to make them smooth سنباده

Answer 215

**sandpaper**

Question 216

complete power to govern a country

Answer 216

**sovereignty** ## Footnote This motif appears at the palace of Persepolis and thereafter in most forms of Zoroastrian Persian art down to the present day. The wings and central ring were based on Egyptian and Mesopotamian prototypes. Western scholars have usually interpreted this as a symbol of Ahura Mazda holding the ring of cosmic **sovereignty** with his hand raised in the traditional gesture of blessing. Parsis and some recent scholars doubt if this symbolises God himself, but rather the divine grace men seek and, on royal reliefs, the glory and power particularly associated with the divinely appointed monarch.(Persian Mythology by JOHN R HINNELLS) =dominion, rule, power, control, authority, dominance

Question 217

a very large quantity of something

Answer 217

**abundance** /əˈbʌndəns/ ## Footnote the reason certain cultures spread and others did not comes down to geography. In particular, modern civilization requires an **abundance** of resources. Namely, the right climate and local vegetation to produce an **abundance** of crops. Rather than spending all their time searching for food,

Question 218

easy to see, notice, or understand

Answer 218

evident ## Footnote It was evident that she was unhappy. It soon became evident that she was seriously ill. It was clearly evident that the company was in financial difficulties. =obvious, clear antonyms: unnoticeable

Question 219

a person who makes money by starting or running businesses, especially when this involves taking financial risks

Answer 219

**entrepreneur** ## Footnote The 5 AM Club is based on a concept and method that I’ve been teaching to celebrated **entrepreneurs**, CEOs of legendary companies, sports superstars, music icons and members of royalty—with extraordinary success—for over twenty years. =businessperson, tycoon, magnate, impresario, industrialist, financier

Question 220

The ear canal that is a tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear.

Answer 220

auditory canal ## Footnote Sound waves travel through the auditory canal and are transmitted by the bones of the intermediate ear toward the cochlea, which contains liquid and is spiraled like the shell of a small sea snail.

Question 221

an Italian political leader who became the fascist dictator of Italy from 1925 to 1945. Originally a revolutionary socialist, he forged the paramilitary fascist movement in 1919 and became prime minister in 1922.

Answer 221

Benito Mussolini (1922 –1943)

Question 222

Roman army unit

Answer 222

**legion** ## Footnote In the later republic and the empire a **legion** comprised **5000** to **6000** men, mainly foot soldiers, organized in centuries (units of 60 to 100). **Legions** were designated by numbers and honorary titles, and served as garrisons or armies in the field. Under the empire there were 25 to 30 **legions**, with soldiers serving about 25 years before their discharge with a pension. =multitude, host, team, crowd, group, throng, mass, gang, band

Question 223

a military marching step in which the legs are not bent at the knee.

Answer 223

goose step

Question 224

a piece of plastic that you use for hitting and killing flies

Answer 224

**flyswatter** ## Footnote What he saw made him turn away and find the flyswatter.

Question 225

to allow yourself (or someone) to have too much of something you enjoy, especiallyfood or drink

Answer 225

**overindulge** /ˌəʊvərɪnˈdʌldʒ/ ## Footnote we are often too tired to exercise or to eat properly, choosing instead to eat whatever food might be easily accessible. We attend family gatherings and **overindulge** in too many sweets, too much alcohol, and too much food.

Question 226

to experience or endure something, or have something happen to you

Answer 226

**undergo​** ## Footnote the molecular biologist Gerald Joyce has defined life as a chemical system capable of **undergoing** Darwinian evolution.

Question 227

used in a figurative sense to warn someone that something exciting, frightening or otherwise intense is about to happen. One might warn a friend to buckle up before relating a hair-raising story.

Answer 227

buckle up ## Footnote (admonish someone to fasten his seat belt.) The new law will require passengers in the rear seats of automobiles to buckle their seatbelts.• Eighty percent of motorists now buckle up, studies show.

Question 228

leader of the Nazi Party. He played a prominent role in organizing the Nazi police state in Germany and established concentration camps for the "corrective treatment" of individuals.

Answer 228

Hermann Göring ## Footnote grown up with a jewish grandfather

Question 229

to discover or explain exactly the real facts about something or the cause of a problem

Answer 229

pinpoint ## Footnote It is hard to pinpoint the time when many religions began, not least because their roots lie in prehistory and the sources that describe their origins may date from a much later time. =locate, identify, pin down, isolate, find, determine

Question 231

was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.

Answer 231

Schutz Staffel (SS) It began with a small guard unit known as the Saal-Schutz made up of NSDAP volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. Himmler wants to run his own elite group known as Schutz Staffel or SS.

Question 232

A person whose build is compact and muscular

Answer 232

mesomorph: Muscular and well-built, with a high metabolism and responsive muscle cells. ( Gr mesos, middle and -morph --\> shape) ectomorph: Lean and long, with difficulty building muscle. endomorph: Big, high body fat, often pear-shaped, with a high tendency to store body fat.

Question 233

An expression used when a girl is just too hot for you and you have absolutely no chance with her.

Answer 233

**out of your league** ## Footnote Dude don't even try it, she's way **out of your league.**

Question 234

suspended cloud of sands known is:

Answer 234

haboob ## Footnote The remaining helicopters ran into an unexpected weather phenomenon known as a haboob (an enormous, nearly opaque cloud of fine dust particles that can follow a thunderstorm).

Question 235

in a way that is connected with or shown by an exponent / in a way that becomes faster and faster **تصاعدی**

Answer 235

**exponentially** ## Footnote - The ability of humanity to destroy is now **exponentially** higher. --We are creating at a rate **exponentially** more than our most recent ancestors. - Your physical and financial health would improve **exponentially**

Question 236

political, social, and economic agitation and activities directed against Jews.

Answer 236

**Anti-Semitism** ## Footnote The term is now used to denote speech and behavior that is derogatory to people of Jewish origin, whether or not they are religious.

Question 237

any animal that eats only plants

Answer 237

**herbivore** ## Footnote herbivores eat plants, Carnivours eat herbivores./ Herbivore, animal that eats only plant material. Herbivores are primary consumers in the food web, eating plants that absorb and store energy from the sun through photosynthesis. ant: modern Latin herbivorus "eating grass" \< Latin herba "grass, herb"]

Question 238

marked by excessive sensitivity and impulsive mood changes / unpredictable in behavior or performance

Answer 238

**temperamental** tem·​per·​a·​men·​tal | ## Footnote In addition to agricultural advantages, the fertile crescent also had an abundance of domesticable animals. These animals had to be large enough to be calorically viable for their meat and milk (read: not rats or rabbits), they had to reproduce quickly (not Elephants), and they most importantly could NOT be temperamentally dangerous (tigers, bears, etc.), and preferably are social pack animals (like horses, cows, pigs, goats, and sheep). Of the 14 species in the world that fit this description, 13 are native to the fertile crescent. This abundance of riches was further reason why the cultures that spread out of the fertile crescent have been historically successful at empire building. Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond

Question 239

Chinese philosopher who creates the religion of Daoism around this time.

Answer 239

**Laozi** ## Footnote In his book, **the Dao De Jing**, he considers the changing nature of the Universe. Stories about Laozi say that he left China riding a water buffalo, and was never seen again.

Question 240

the central deities (kami) in the Japanese creation myth.

Answer 240

**Izanagi and Izanami** ## Footnote nese: “He Who Invites” and “She Who Invites”)in full Izanagi no Mikoto and Izanami no Mikoto, the central deities (kami) in the Japanese creation myth. They were the eighth pair of brother-and-sister gods to appear after heaven and earth separated out of chaos. By standing on the floating bridge of heaven and stirring the primeval ocean with a heavenly jeweled spear, they created the first landmass. Japanese creation story tells that in the beginning there were eight gods. When the youngest two, Izanagi and Izanami, stirred the ocean with a jeweled spear, falling drops of water formed an island. They came to live there and Izanami gave birth to all the islands of Japan.

Question 241

not definite or certain, because you may want to change things

Answer 241

**tentative** ## Footnote Observation allows us to draw **tentative** explanations called hypotheses.(Biology: How Life Works) =provisional antonym: definite

Question 242

a long narrow weapon that is fired under the surface of the sea and explodes when it hits something

Answer 242

torpedo ## Footnote * Pearl Harbor had impressed on us the importance of protecting ships against torpedo attacks, even in home waters. * Captain Nagumo, an expert in torpedo warfare, was the right man in the right place. (type of fish that can produce electricity to protect itself)

Question 243

a very large exploding star

Answer 243

supernova

Question 244

a mental illness that makes someone stop eating

Answer 244

anorexia nervosa (also anorexia) Severe deficiencies of Proteins are rare in developed countries and when occasionally seen, would be related to child abuse or extreme cases of anorexia nervosa. Greek anorexia, from an- "without" + orexis "appetite, desire,"

Question 245

by now you heard "the fact" that %93 of our communication is non-verbal. that is not really true but it has become a cutural meme. that number based a single study done by Professor ........ in the late 1960.

Answer 245

Albert Mehrabian (1939\_ ) ## Footnote Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles. Although he originally trained as an engineer, he is best known for his publications on the relative importance of verbal and nonverbal messages.

Question 246

a sad, serious, or difficult situation

Answer 246

**plight** /plaɪt/ ## Footnote Philosophical and ethical reasons focus on the **plight** of animals in the factory-farming system and the unwillingness to fund animal agriculture by purchasing the products. These reasons also support a strengthened connection with the natural world and a conscious choice to remain spiritually connected to all living things.

Question 247

fulfillment by oneself of the possibilities of one's character or personality.

Answer 247

**self-realization** ## Footnote The ultimate goal of yoga is **self-realization**./ **Self-realization** is the knowledge that we sentient beings are interconnected and that what we think, say, and do affects those around us.

Answer 248

**Shamaran**

Question 249

having a mistake or weakness

Answer 249

flawed ## Footnote Born in ancient Greece, Claudius Galen became a towering figure in the study of anatomy, physiology, and medicine in Rome. There, he treated gladiators as a young physician, describing their wounds as “windows into the body.” Human dissection was banned, so he studied the anatomy of animals instead. His flawed ideas were accepted without question for 1,500 years. =faulty, defective, damaged, blemished, imperfect, inconsistent, unsound, weak antonym: perfect

Question 250

(of speech or writing) not converted into normal language or understood.

Answer 250

**undeciphered** ## Footnote Though the Indus Valley people were literate, they left behind no literature. The Indus Valley script remains **undeciphered** down to the present day. The Aryans, on the other hand, were largely illiterate; but they bequeathed to India a prolific literature.

Question 251

based on facts, not on ideas or guesses

Answer 251

**concrete** ## Footnote I need more **concrete** evidence. =tangible, existing, actual, material, physical, solid, real antonym: insubstantial

Question 252

chess piece: any of four chess pieces that begin a game in the corner squares and that can move in a straight line in any direction over any number of unoccupied squares

Answer 252

rook ## Footnote [13th century. Via French \< Arabic ruḵḵ]

Question 253

a Chinese way of thought which teaches that you should be loyal to your family, friends, and rulers and treat others as you would like to be treated

Answer 253

Confucianism ## Footnote From the 17th century BCE, the Chinese dynasties established their nation states and empires. There emerged traditional folk religions and ancestor worship that were later incorporated into the more philosophical belief systems of Daoism and Confucianism.

Question 254

full of hatred for something, or expressing this in a strong way – used to show disapproval

Answer 254

virulent ## Footnote virulent anti-Semitism/ Goebbles developed a virulent, pathological, deeply felt hatred of the Jew and come to identify the Jews as the source of all Germany's problems. =malicious, bitter, vituperative, venomous, fierce, harsh, spiteful, hostile antonym: kind

Question 255

blood-sucking worm

Answer 255

**leech** ## Footnote Blood-letting, using a knife or a bloodsucking worm called a leech, was a traditional, if brutal, remedy for all manner of ills in medieval times. Few physicians tried to see if the treatment was of any benefit to the patient. زالو

Question 256

our tendency to imbue objects with the qualities of the people they're associated with

Answer 256

the "law of contagion" ## Footnote when you see a this painting, you hava a feeling but when you are told that the painter was a serial killer or infamous cult leader or Hitler, your thoughts about these painting have probably changed a bit.

Question 257

an opinion or feeling you have about something

Answer 257

**sentiment** ## Footnote Similar **sentiments** were expressed by many politicians.

Question 258

when a woman or female animal ....., she produces eggs inside her body

Answer 258

ovulate ## Footnote if you have a pet cat, you may remember when she started going into heat...as in, when she started ovulating, producing eggs. And those few days when they're fertile, they really want to mate.

Question 259

different from each other in a noticeable or interesting way

Answer 259

**contrasting** /kənˈtrɑːstɪŋ/ ## Footnote Human history has seen the rise and fall of countless religions, each with its own distinct beliefs, rituals, and mythology. Although some are similar and considered to be branches of a larger tradition, there are many **contrasting** and contradictory **belief systems.** =conflicting, opposing, complementary, different, distinct, divergent, dissimilar, antagonistic antonym: similar

Question 260

Sun's closest star: a small, low-mass star located 4 light-years away from the Sun

Answer 260

**Proxima Centauri** ## Footnote Its Latin name means the "nearest [star] of Centaurus". This object was discovered in 1915 by Robert Innes and is the nearest-known star to the Sun.

Question 261

(formal or law) (of a government or an authority) to officially take away private property from its owner for public use

Answer 261

**expropriate** (sth) ## Footnote In one of his reform, Castro **expropriated** many American companies **on** Cuba. Many **expropriated properties** were divided up and given to Cuban farmers. The US government protested against the **expropriation** of their companies. =take, steal, confiscate, seize, commandeer, appropriate, sequester, impound, annex

Question 262

among Orthodox Jews, a ritual bath for cleansing or purification, especially before the Sabbath or following menstruation, childbirth, or contact with a corpse

Answer 262

## Footnote **Mikveh** or **mikvah** is a bath used for the purpose of ritual immersion in Judaism to achieve ritual purity. Hebrew miqweh "mass (of water)"]

Question 263

a large crowd of people, especially one that may become violent or cause trouble

Answer 263

**mob** ## Footnote The **mob** was/were preparing to storm the building. **=**crowd, horde, mass, multitude, throng, gang, pack, flock, crush, herd, rabble

Question 264

a useful quality or thing . also (a product)

Answer 264

commodity ## Footnote Time is a precious commodity. Time is one commodity that he can't buy more of. =product, service, goods, article of trade

Question 265

they are a type of fat (lipid) found in your blood. When you eat, your body converts any calories it doesn't need to use right away into them

Answer 265

Triglycerides ## Footnote Each triglyceride is a compound that is made up of glycerol, which is an alcohol and fatty acids. Triglycerides include monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats known as the good fats.

Question 266

periods of early childhood between 0-8 years of a child's life.

Answer 266

formative years ## Footnote It is also a period of a rapid cognitive (intellectual) , social, emotional and physical development of a child. This development occurs based on the child's response and the interaction between genetics, environment and experience. were you bitten in your formative years?

Question 267

​used after numbers to show the size of a group

Answer 267

strong ## Footnote In 1868, Spain's army in Cuba was 7,000 soilders **strong**, and augmented by 30,000 Cuban volunteers. The crowd was 5,000 **strong**.

Question 268

a condition of abnormally high storage levels of vitamins, which can lead to toxic symptoms.

Answer 268

**hypervitaminosis** ## Footnote Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are dissolved in fat and stored in the body for days or weeks. Because they are stored, they can accumulate to dangerous levels and lead to a condition called "**hypervitaminosis**," which can have serious health consequences.

Question 269

the generation reaching adulthood in the second decade of the 21st century, perceived as being familiar with the Internet from a very young age

Answer 269

Generation Z (also :Gen Z) ## Footnote Gen Z, The kids born after 1996 or so, those kids are the first generation in history, that got on social media in middle school.

Question 270

release of strong feelings or shout in order to relive stress

Answer 270

blow (let) off steam - Please forgive me for yelling at you, I had such a bad day. I just needed to blow off some steam. - I understand. you know when my friend Rebecca needs to blow off steam, she goes for a long bike ride!

Question 271

(5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary.

Answer 271

Karl Marx ## Footnote He wrote: "philosophers have interpreted the world, the point is to change it."

Question 272

to reduce the amount of something that is present or available

Answer 272

deplete ## Footnote Salmon populations have been severely depleted.

Question 273

extremely or unhealthily fat or overweight

Answer 273

obese %50 of Americans are obese. you know what obese means, right? fat as a motherfucker

Question 274

moderate or normal psychological stress interpreted as being beneficial for the experiencer.

Answer 274

**eustress** /yo͞oˈstres/ ## Footnote Good stress, which Selye called **eustress**, motivates us, has pleasant or enjoyable effects, keeps us excited about life, and can be fulfilling. Examples include falling in love, getting a job promotion, watching a scary movie, taking a roller coaster ride, or having a surprise birthday party. While such events may cause a short alarm response, its strength and duration are limited. (Bad stress, called **distress)**

Question 275

to manage to stay alive, especially with limited food or money

Answer 275

**subsist** (**on** something) ## Footnote The first trace of human life in Cuba are more than 4,000 years old, predating the pyramids of Egypt. Cuba native inhabitants lived in palm tree huts, or caves. They **subsisted on** sweet potatos, yucca, peanuts, as well as fish and **game** (meat of hunted animals). =exist, survive, make ends meet, keep going, keep your head above water, eke out a living, live

Question 276

sad and without hope

Answer 276

**gloomy** ## Footnote Why so gloomy, roomie? a gloomy expression (comparative **gloomier**, superlative **gloomiest**) =depressed, low, low-spirited, melancholy, blue (informal), down in the dumps (informal), miserable, disconsolate, unhappy, sad, glum, woeful, pessimistic antonym: cheerful

Question 277

(literary) a bad or unpleasant thing that might happen to you at any time and that makes you feel worried or frightened/ ## Footnote **idiom**

Answer 277

a/the **sword of Damocles** ## Footnote The Platt amendment, authorizing an American invasion at any time, hung like **the sword of Damocles** over the Cuban's head. =threat, menace, shadow, danger, possibility, worry, anticipation

Question 278

Coined by political theorist **Hannah Arendt** after watching the 1961 trial of Nazi SS officer **Adolf Eichmann**, this spare phrase captures the idea that evil acts are not necessarily perpetrated by evil people.

Answer 278

**banality of evil**

Question 279

very careful about small details in your appearance, work etc

Answer 279

fastidious ## Footnote He is a very consientious man and fastidious man. people who are fastidious about personal hygiene SYN meticulous

Question 280

if a substance...... , or something.... it ...., it changes as a result of a chemical process

Answer 280

break down ## Footnote The way food is prepared can affect the nutritional value of its nutrients, which must be broken down to be utilized effectively by the body. break something ↔ down

Question 281

intensely cold

Answer 281

frigid

Question 282

## Footnote first woman in Bible: in the Bible, the first woman created by God, and Adam's companion in the Garden of Eden

Answer 282

Eve ## Footnote A figure in the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible as well as a figure in the Quran. According to the origin story of the Abrahamic religions, she was the first woman. Eve is known also as Adam's wife. from Hebrew (Semitic) Hawwah, literally "a living being," from base hawa "he lived" (compare Arabic hayya, Aramaic hayyin).

Question 283

relating to the production or sale of medicines and drugs used for treating medical conditions

Answer 283

**pharmaceutical** /ˌfɑː(r)məˈsjuːtɪk(ə)l/ ## Footnote naturopaths follow a number of basic principles. Some of which are: Do No Harm. Naturopaths do not use potentially harmful substances, like drugs and **pharmaceuticals**, and do not rely on invasive procedures, like surgery.

Question 284

someone or something that is the best possible example of a particular idea, quality, or principle, especially a good one.

Answer 284

**embodiment** ## Footnote Many religions recognized the particular significance of one or more individuals as founders of the faith: they may have been **embodiments of god**, such as Jesus or Krishna, or recipients of special divine revelation, such as Moses and Muhammad./ He is the very embodiment of kindness.

Question 285

## Footnote rebel: somebody who rebels against authority or leadership, especially somebody who belongs to a group involved in an uprising

Answer 285

insurgent ## Footnote the ISI and Pakistani army, keep sending insurgents across the boarder with the sole purpose of causing chaos within India and they send them almost everyday

Question 286

make (something) appear larger than it is, especially with a lens or microscope.

Answer 286

magnify ## Footnote "the camera's zoom mode can magnify a certain area if required" At the beginning of the 1600s, scientific instrument makers in the Netherlands invented a **magnifying** device called the microscope. =enlarge, blow up, expand, amplify, increase, augment (formal), extend, heighten, boost antonym: shrink

Question 287

someone who treats people’s illnesses using naturopathy

Answer 287

**naturopath** /ˈneɪtʃərəˌpæθ/ ## Footnote **Naturopath** believes in treating the body, mind, and spirit as one to promote a complete cure.

Question 288

extraordinarily great in size, extent, or degree; gigantic; huge.

Answer 288

colossal ## Footnote the Arab spring was a perfect example where Natanyahu believes that Obama was colossally naive.

Question 289

vigorous; energetic; vital

Answer 289

**vibrant** ## Footnote The woman in front of the researchers today, however, was lean and **vibrant**, with the toned legs of a runner.

Question 290

extremely bad: extremely unpleasant, harmful, or serious in its effects

Answer 290

**dreadful** ## Footnote "What kind of Clergy you are Mr.Darwin?" - Capitan FitzRoy asked Charles Darwin. Darwin answered: dreadful! :) =terrible, awful, horrible, frightful, alarming, shocking, appalling, outrageous, vile, ghastly antonym: lovely

Question 291

insoluble fiber

Answer 291

**insoluble fiber** ## Footnote insoluble fiber decreases the transit time of food in the intestines and increases stool softness and weight. It is found in wheat bran, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and nuts.

Question 292

to produce a strong feeling or memory in someone

Answer 292

evoke The photographs evoked strong memories of our holidays in France.

Question 293

Respiration is usually an involuntary, automatic action that allows us to take in .... we need from the air and exhale ... . These gases are exchanged in the pulmonary alveoli.

Answer 293

- the oxygen - carbon dioxide

Question 294

idioms : going about in your own way disregarding popular social norm and such.

Answer 294

beat of own drum ## Footnote We are all unique individuals. We follow the beat of our own drum. We wouldn’t throw our own beliefs out the window just to fit in...or would we? In this episode of Mind Field, I demonstrate the strong, human urge to conform, and just how far people will go to fall in with the crowd.

Question 295

The traditional form of mindfulness meditation, one step on the eightfold path to enlightment that the Buddha taught his followers.

Answer 295

Satipatthana Meditation ## Footnote Some of the oldest forms of meditation come from early Hinduism. According to tradition, around 500 BCE, The Buddha studied these techniques, but then, he added his own spin. He systemically developed a new meditation techniquethat is called "The Satipatthana Meditation". (Sati = Attention) + (Upa = Inside) + (Thana = To Keep) ==\> Satipatthana = "**To Keep Attention Inside**"

Question 296

a chemical or food that provides what is needed for plants or animals to live and grow

Answer 296

nutrient ## Footnote The plant absorbs nutrients from the soil. =nourishment, nutrition, nutriment, diet, sustenance, nutrients ماده ی مغذی، ماده ی غذایی، ماده ی خوراکی، پروره، پرود

Question 297

the flat bone in the middle of your chest.

Answer 297

**sternum** /ˈstɜː(r)nəm/ ## Footnote (A less technical word is **breastbone**.) The skull is supported by the neck vertebrae at the top of the spine. The ribs are attached to the central part of the spine, most of them attaching to the sternum. The arms and legs are connected to the spine by the scapular and clavicle in the pectoral (shoulder) girdle and by the pelvic (hip) girdle.

Question 298

chief of the first Soviet secret police, the VeCheka (a predecessor agency to the KGB), and a prominent member of the Bolshevik government after the Russian Revolution of 1917.

Answer 298

Felix Dzerzhinsky The number killed throughout Soviet territory by the Red Terror, the execution of prisoners, and revenge against former Whites or their supporters possibly involved the murder of between 250,000 and 3,650,000 people فلیکس ژرژینسکی

Question 299

a feeling that you have when you are very unhappy, worried, or upset

Answer 299

**distress** /dɪˈstres/ ## Footnote Bad stress, called **distress** by Selye, fully initiates the fight-or-flight response and may have a prolonged impact on a person's life. A divorce, having a loved one involved in an accident, and a job loss are possible examples. Usually when individuals talk about stress, they are referring to **distress**. Signs of distress include headaches, heart palpitations, pain, a constricted throat, weariness, nausea, and diarrhea. Good stress, which Selye called **eustress**

Question 300

former president of Iraq (1979-2003), who led Iraq into two devastating wars.

Answer 300

**Saddam Hussein** (1937-2006) ## Footnote **Saddam Hussein** became the president of Iraq in 1979. He created an international crisis in 1990 when his army invaded Kuwait. The invasion was condemned by the United Nations (UN), which initiated a trade embargo and, later, a military campaign against Iraq. Hussein was overthrown in 2003 by an invasion led by the United States.

Question 301

deal briefly with (a subject) in written or spoken discussion.

Answer 301

touch on (or upon) ## Footnote In my book "Persuasion", the different ways that we have been persuaded were touched on. Many of us might have gone a long time in our lives without even realizing that we had been persuaded and manipulated so often.

Question 302

We can go **faster** alone, but.... . (African Proverb)

Answer 302

.... we can go **farther** together.

Question 303

the state of being wealthy and successful.

Answer 303

**prosperity** ## Footnote The Great Depression was not a time of **prosperity** for most people. =wealth, affluence, opulence, riches, success, richness, fortune antonym: poverty

Question 304

someone whose job is to teach a skill or a sport

Answer 304

instructor ## Footnote There is some Yoga Instructor Job Opportunities in Canada =teacher, coach, tutor, mentor, lecturer, trainer

Question 305

judging from the available information.

Answer 305

**as far as one can tell** ## Footnote **As far as we can tell**, the fertile crescent was the birthplace of language, modern cities, steel, and modern trade. Though, why? With their abundance of food resources—storable food and domesticable animals—early peoples were given more leisure time. (Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond)

Question 306

a crescent-shaped region in the Middle East, spanning modern-day Iraq, Israel, Palestinian Territories, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, and Jordan as well as the southeastern fringe of Turkey and the western fringes of Iran.[1][2] Some authors also include Cyprus.

Answer 306

**Fertile Crescent** ## Footnote those cultures which spread out of The **Fertile Crescent**, had agricultural, live-stock, and therefore leisure advantages due to the climate of that region. هلال حاصل‌خیز

Question 307

the individual qualities and attitudes that combine to form someone’s basic character

Answer 307

**makeup** ## Footnote Our biochemical **makeup** is unique. Bodies not only differ in size and shape but in functions as well...There cannot be a universal treatment for universal symptoms because everyone has a unique **makeup**.

Question 308

to understand somebody’s words or actions wrongly

Answer 308

**misconstrue** ## Footnote He deliberately misconstrued everything I said. **=** misinterpret, misunderstand, misread, get the wrong idea about, get the wrong impression about, get the wrong end of the stick, misapprehend (formal), miscomprehend antonym: understand

Question 309

relating to your heart

Answer 309

**coronary** ## Footnote the risk of coronary heart disease/ The diet that was designed to reverse the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease is called the

Question 310

very powerful or impressive, and often frightening

Answer 310

formidable ## Footnote together, they are a formidable team.

Question 311

is a condition in which immune system mistakenly attacks patient's body.

Answer 311

**autoimmune disease** ## Footnote in an **autoimmune disease**, the immune system mistakes part of your body, like your joints or skin, as foreign. It releases proteins called autoantibodies that attack healthy cells. Some **autoimmune diseases** target only one organ. Type 1 diabetes damages the pancreas. Other diseases, like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), affect the whole body.

Question 312

to arrange laws, principles, facts etc in a system

Answer 312

**codify**/ˈkəʊdɪfaɪ/ ## Footnote when the people of modern China invented gunpowder, it was almost inevitable that the metal workers of the Middle East and Europe would **codify** its power into the most powerful weapon the world had ever seen: the gun. (Guns, Germs, and Steel , Jared Diamond)

Question 313

German military officer and an early member of the Nazi Party. As one of the members of its predecessor, the German Workers' Party, he was a close friend and early ally of Adolf Hitler and a co-founder of the Sturmabteilung, the Nazi Party's militia, and later was its commander.

Answer 313

Ernst Röhm ## Footnote for the Nazis, Röhm could be a key asset. He has access to both men and weapons. He was a highly decorated soldier of the first WW. but under the Versailles Traty, Röhm's beloved army has shrunk to just a 100,000 men, and allies are seizing and destroying their equipment. so the army picks Röhm to secretly establish unofficial paramilitary groups and stockpile weapons.

Question 314

complicated and difficult to understand

Answer 314

convoluted ## Footnote What was the first step on this path from the non-Conscious to the basic Consciousness that ultimately led to the convoluted Consciousness we human enjoy today? =intricate, complex, complicated, long-winded, elaborate, difficult, tortuous, drawn-out, long-drawn-out antonym: straightforward

Question 315

defeat or destroy something: to ruin, defeat, or put an end to somebody or something completely

Answer 315

smash ## Footnote Ronald Reagan, 40th U.S. President: Enrique Camarena Salazar, special agent of the Drug enforcement administration was conducting an undercover investigation in Guadalajara, Mexico to smash a ring of drug traffickers. He was kidnapped, tortured brutally...and killed.

Question 316

the active ingredient in magic mashroom

Answer 316

Psilocybin ## Footnote hallucinogen: a crystalline hallucinogen obtained from a specific mushroom. Formula: C13HN2O3P2

Question 317

someone who tries to get money from people by tricking them

Answer 317

conman ## Footnote the biggest conman in history: Major General Reinhard Gehlen, the Nazi's chief of military intelligence for the eastern front

Question 318

to try to persuade someone to do something wrong by offering them a reward if they do it

Answer 318

tempt ## Footnote The Biblical Genesis story explains, among other things, why snakes have no legs. God forbade Adam and Eve to eat from the tree of knowledge of good and evil, but a serpent **tempted** Eve to eat the fruit. As a punishment, the serpent was told: “Upon thy belly shalt thou go and dust shalt thou eat.”

Question 319

to protect yourself from danger or difficulty, without trying to help other people

Answer 319

save one's (own) skin ## Footnote after WWII some Nazis helped american against soviet Union to save their own skins

Question 320

​the complete range of a particular kind of thing

Answer 320

the **gamut** ## Footnote Biologists, scientists who study life, have come to understand a great deal about these and other processes at levels that run **the gamut** from molecular mechanisms within the cell, through the integrated actions of many cells within an organ or body, to the interactions among different organisms in nature.(Biology: How life works)

Question 321

done with a lot of energy and strong feelings, and sometimes violence

Answer 321

fierce ## Footnote The government’s policies came under fierce attack. a fierce debate **fierce competition** between the companies =strong strong, powerful, profound, deep, turbulent, passionate, defiant, ardent, intense, violent antonym: mild

Question 322

an almond-shaped mass of gray matter, one in each hemisphere of the brain, associated with feelings of fear and aggression and important for visual learning and memory

Answer 322

amygdala ## Footnote Greek amugdalē "almond"

Question 323

a fear of not having a working cell phone

Answer 323

**nomophobia** ## Footnote **Nomophobia** is a term describing a growing fear in today's world—the fear of being without a mobile device, or beyond mobile phone contact. Among today's high school and college students, it's on the rise. An increasing number of college students now shower with their cell phone = **NO MO**bile **PH**one Pho**BIA**

Question 324

this organelles provide energy for metabolism

Answer 324

**mitochondria**

Question 325

a British archaeologist, army-officer, diplomat, and writer, became renowned for his role in the Arab Revolt (1916–1918) and the Sinai and Palestine Campaign (1915–1918) against the Ottoman Empire during the First World War.

Answer 325

**T. E. Lawrence**(1888-195) **"Lawrence of Arabia"** At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, **Lawrence** joined the British Military Intelligence Service in Cairo. From there he was sent with a British relief column to the Arab prince Faisal (later King Faisal I of Iraq) in Al Ḩijāz (the Hejaz), now in Saudi Arabia. **Lawrence** then worked among the Arabs in revolt against Ottoman rule and, having been accepted as their military adviser, unified their armed forces and led them against the Ottoman Empire.

Question 326

to surround a city or castle with military force until the people inside let you take control

Answer 326

besiege ## Footnote In April 655, Osman’s palace was besieged by rebels. The capital has been besieged by the opposition militia for two months now. =surround, lay siege to, siege, encircle, blockade, overwhelm antonym: defend

Question 327

a substance that is used for causing explosions or for making fireworks(=objects that burn to produce noise and coloured light)

Answer 327

**gunpowder** ## Footnote ancient trade routes mostly ran east-west. So, when the people of modern China invented **gunpowder**, it was almost inevitable that the metal workers of the Middle East and Europe would codify its power into the most powerful weapon the world had ever seen: the gun. (Guns, Germs, and Steel , Jared Diamond)

Question 328

a colorless odorless flammable gas that is the main constituent of natural gas. Use: as fuel. Formula: CH4

Answer 328

methane ## Footnote one of the reasoms for global warmng are greenhouses gases like methane, that trap the Earth's heat. And guess what one of the largest producers of methane is: Cow herds

Question 329

not used any more: no longer in use

Answer 329

**obsolete** ## Footnote Jails would become **obsolete**, and women could walk in the dark without worrying about getting attacked. Unfortunately, this is not the kind of world we live in./ obsolete technology =outdated, archaic, superseded, outmoded, old-fashioned, out-of-date, antediluvian (informal), obsolescent, dated, old, antiquated, passé, unfashionable, past it antonym: up-to-date

Question 330

**compensate**

Answer 330

**compensate** ## Footnote Once the area has reached its limit of regeneration, another stage begins. The body begins to adapt and compensate for its losses.

Question 331

vital energy that is held to animate the body internally and is of central importance in some Eastern systems of medical treatment (such as acupuncture) and of exercise or self-defense

Answer 331

Chi ## Footnote Written over 2,300 years ago, The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal medicine explains **acupuncture** treatments, which focus on the flow of **chi**, or **vital energy**, along 12 body channels, or meridians. Needles are inserted into the skin along these meridians to rebalance the body forces known as Yin (cool and female) and Yang (hot and male).

Question 332

the oldest writings of the Hindu religion

Answer 332

The Vedas (/ˈveɪdəz)

Question 333

boring because of being long, monotonous, or repetitive

Answer 333

tedious * The work was tiring and tedious * a tedious lecture * Doing all those calculations without a computer would be extremely tedious =boring, dull, deadly (informal), dreary, monotonous, mind-numbing, tiresome, wearisome, wearying, uninteresting antonym: interesting

Question 334

one of the tubes which carries blood to your heart from other parts of your body

Answer 334

Vein from Latin vena "a blood vessel," artery: one of the tubes that carries blood from your heart to the rest of your body

Question 335

a British writer and speaker known for interpreting and popularising Buddhism, Taoism, and Hinduism for a Western audience.

Answer 335

Alan Watts (1915 –1973)

Question 336

specific part of left hemispher realted to producing speech (but not understanding speech)

Answer 336

broca's Area ## Footnote Patirnts who damaged Broca's Area can understand language but they can't talk and speech fluently

Question 337

a form of a language that ordinary people use, especially one that is not the official language

Answer 337

vernacular /vərˈnækjələr/ ## Footnote In Indian **vernacular** languages, the word upayoga, has come to mean something useful, but actually it means sub-yoga or pre-yoga. This can be learnt in five minutes. You can practice it anywhere and the benefits are quite immense. Upa-yoga is a safe way to take yoga to the world large-scale. Once people experience the benefits, they will naturally seek yoga in a more serious manner, and that is when yoga should come into their lives.

Question 338

happy and satisfied with your life

Answer 338

content ## Footnote When I last saw her, she seemed quite content. =gratified, happy, satisfied, contented, pleased, comfortable, at ease, relaxed antonym: unhappy

Question 339

not clearly stated or defined / having different meanings

Answer 339

**ambiguous** ## Footnote The language in the Minister’s statement is highly ambiguous **an ambiguous word** =vague, unclear, abstruse, equivocal, uncertain, indefinite, confusing, indistinct, hazy, woolly antonym: clear

Question 340

an exciting, unusual, and sometimes dangerous experience

Answer 340

**adventure** ## Footnote Riding in the rough water was an adventure. =escapade, exploit, quest, venture, exploration, voyage, undertaking

Question 341

idiom: go to bed; go to sleep

Answer 341

**hit he sack** ## Footnote He never **hits the sack** before midnight. I’ve got a busy day tomorrow, so I think I’ll **hit the sack**. **Origin** : This phrase originated in America around the late 1800s to early 1900s, when mattresses used to consist of old sacks filled with hay or straw. Source: theidioms.com

Question 342

dried leaves processed for smoking

Answer 342

**tobacco** ## Footnote Cuba's native inhabitants were the first people to farm and smoke **tobacco**.

Question 343

(in Indian religion and Buddhism) **the nature of reality**

Answer 343

**Dharma** /ˈdɑːmə/ ## Footnote Sanskrit: धर्म

Question 344

an asana in hatha yoga, often used for relaxation at the end of a session.

Answer 344

**Savasana (**or Corpse Pose) ## Footnote also **Shavasana/ Mrtasana** Sanskrit words shava (शव, Śava) meaning "corpse" and asana (आसन, Āsana) meaning "posture" or "seat".

Question 345

it is thought that the oldest surviving religion today is ....., which has its roots in the folk religions of the Indian subcontinent,

Answer 345

Hinduism ## Footnote ....brought together in the writing of the Vedas as early as the 13th century BCE.

Question 346

the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.

Answer 346

**The endocrine system**

Question 347

free radical

Answer 347

**free radical** ## Footnote One group of healing compounds called antioxidants is found in fresh fruits and vegetables, which help to protect cells from **free radicals** (rogue molecules that come from pollution, sunlight, and the body's natural process).

Question 348

a type of race in which each person swims, rides a bicycle, and runs over very long distances

Answer 348

triathlon

Question 349

German Nazi, head of the Sicherheitsdienst (Security Service; SD) and deputy of Heinrich Himmler, who was head of the Nazi police forces. Heydrich was instrumental in organizing the so-called final solution, the policy of genocide used against Jews and others in Europe during the 1930s and 1940s

Answer 349

Reinhard Heydrich (1904 –1942) ## Footnote He was responsible for the fake attack on a German radio station at Gleiwitz (now Gliwice), Poland, in 1939 that provided the pretext for the German invasion of Poland that same year. He also organized the Einsatzgruppen (action squads) that massacred Jews in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

Question 350

an officer or official with the rank just below colonel, general2, governor etc ستوان

Answer 350

Lieutenant

Question 351

At birth the infant brain contains .... neurons. That is about as many nerve cells as there are stars in the entire Milky Way Galaxy! Then as the infant receives messages from the senses, the cerebral cortex begins its dynamic development.

Answer 351

-100 billion

Question 352

a growing discipline that focuses on the use of food and supplements to provide these essential nutrients as part of an integrated or alternative treatment for mental health disorders

Answer 352

**Nutritional psychiatry** ## Footnote So much attention is being paid to the role of diet in overall well-being that a new specialty, called **"nutritional (or food) psychiatry,"** is developing in Western health care. This specialty focuses on the vital importance of food and nutrition in supporting and enhancing health, and it specifically uses food to support and enhance optimum emotional health

Question 353

all the genes in one type of living thing

Answer 353

genome ## Footnote A genome is DNA that consist of a code of four different letters: **A**, **C**, **G** and **T**.

Question 354

Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization from 1969 to 2004 and President of the Palestinian National Authority from 1994 to 2004.

Answer 354

Yasser Arafat

Question 355

envious or jealous

Answer 355

green-eyed ## Footnote My girl acted all green eyed when I talked about how nice the waitress's ass was.

Question 356

get somebody to do something

Answer 356

persuade ## Footnote "it wasn't easy, but I persuaded him to do the right thing.

Question 357

a condition in which your blood pressure is extremely high

Answer 357

**hypertension** /ˌhaɪpə(r)ˈtenʃ(ə)n/

Question 358

financially successful

Answer 358

**prosperous** ## Footnote "we wish you a prosperous New Year. =wealthy, affluent, rich, well-off, well-to-do

Question 359

complete and utter

Answer 359

unmitigated ## Footnote an unmitigated disaster/failure/pleasure etc The 1928 election for the Nazi Party was an unmitigated disaster,

Question 360

to explain something carefully and clearly

Answer 360

**lay out** ## Footnote In many religions, alongside this narrative, is a more sophisticated and systematic element, which explains the philosophy and doctrine of the religion, and **lays out** its distinctive theology.

Answer 361

**cabbage** ## Footnote Green, leafy vegetables like cabbage, broccoli, spinach, and Brussels sprouts are some foods that can help fight against cancer.

Question 362

is a Sanskrit term for a female master practitioner of yoga, as well as a formal term of respect for female Hindu or Buddhist spiritual teachers in Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and Greater Tibet.

Answer 362

**Yogini**

Question 363

The amount of calories you consume vs. the amount of calories you burn

Answer 363

calorie balance

Question 364

to earn or acquire something by effort

Answer 364

gar·ner ## Footnote Self-destructive behavior is a universal human problem that has **garnered** little professional attention; it’s not the subject of many books. That’s probably because most theories hold that self-destructive actions are always a symptom of some underlying problem, like addiction, or depression, or a personality disorder. (Rewire: Change Your Brain. Richard O'Connor)

Question 365

to fail to help or support somebody as they had hoped or expected

Answer 365

**let *_sb_* down** ## Footnote I'm afraid she **let us down** badly. This machine won'**t let you down**. He trudged home feeling lonely and let down. =disappoint, fail, abandon, betray, desert, disillusion, forsake

Question 366

a mixture or blend

Answer 366

amalgam ## Footnote Hinduism is generally viewed as having originated with the Aryans, but it is far more accurately described as an **amalgam** of pre-Aryan and Aryan elements. For instance, image-worship, which predominates in popular Hinduism, finds almost no mention in the Vedas. Shiva, the all-important god besides Vishnu, is almost certainly a non-Aryan god (absent in the Vedas) who eventually made his way into the Hindu pantheon. The innumerable mother goddesses (devis) who spangle Hinduism are also non-Aryan.

Question 367

the organ in a woman or female mammal where babies develop

Answer 367

uterus ## Footnote It is hard to imagine that not long ago the cells of the body of the person reading this book were autonomous and were duplicating themselves freely within the walls of a mother's uterus. SYN womb source also of Sanskrit udaram "belly," Greek hystera"womb,

Question 368

a small area on the lower part of your brain that controls your heartbeat and body temperature and also affects your pituitary gland

Answer 368

**hypothalamus** /ˌhaɪpəʊˈθæləməs/ ## Footnote The **hypothalamus** (which registers emotional feelings in the brain) also controls appetite. The **hypothalamus** is an area of the brain that produces hormones that control many different body functions, including hunger. When food is placed in the stomach, the brain receives calming messages and the intensity of neural stimulation to the rest of the body is decreased. The body senses it is full and is more relaxed. This "mind-body" connection is a powerful and direct connection.

Question 369

someone who publicly criticizes the government in a country where this is punished

Answer 369

**dissident** ## Footnote When Washington Post journalist Jamal Khashoggi disappears in Istanbul, his fiancée and **dissidents** around the world piece together the clues to a murder and expose a global cover up.

Question 370

hide person or thing

Answer 370

**conceal** ## Footnote Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection has always fascinated me, but over the years I have found a surprising variety of thinkers who cannot **conceal** their discomfort with his great idea, ranging from nagging skepticism to outright hostility. =hide, cover, cover up, secrete, screen, obscure, mask, disguise, camouflage antonym: reveal

Question 371

to give something up or put something aside, to let go of something physically

Answer 371

**relinquish** George Orwel once wrote: "No one ever seize power with the intention of relinquishing it." Human history suggests that this is certainly true. but some people have been much more successful seizing control others. and their audacius power grabs have shaped the modern world. (How to do a coup" documentary) **=**give up, surrender, hand over, abandon, renounce, resign, turn down, let go by, let pass antonym: retain

Question 372

die: to stop living (often used as a euphemism for "die")

Answer 372

**pass on** ## Footnote You understand, dear, your mother's **passed on**? you know what that means. don't you? (The queen gambit) =expire, pass away, pass on, depart this life (formal), decease (formal), perish (literary), give up the ghost (literary), kick the bucket (slang), croak (slang) antonym: live

Question 373

a light sailing ship

Answer 373

**caravel** ## Footnote On October 28th, 1492, three **caravels** appeared on Cuba's horizon. They were spaniards, and their leader was called Christopher Columbus. Portuguese caravela "small ship"

Question 374

The major nutrient groups are 1- 2-

Answer 374

1- Macronutrients 2- Micronutrients

Question 375

There were two major alliances during World War II:

Answer 375

the Axis and the Allies ## Footnote The three principal partners in the Axis alliance were Germany, Italy, and Japan. ... The Allied Powers were led by Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union.

Question 376

someone who has a special knowledge of nutrition

Answer 376

nutritionist ## Footnote nutritionists study of how food affect our body; this includes understanding which food we nned, what kind of food best provide them and how our body uses them.

Question 377

behaving in a way that does not meet the moral standards or match the opinions that you claim to have دو رو، با ریا، ریاکار- رند

Answer 377

**hypocritical** ## Footnote It would be hypocritical of me to have a church wedding when I don't believe in God. =insincere, two-faced, duplicitous, deceitful, phoney, false antonym: genuine

Question 378

controversial spiritual teacher from India, whose sannyasins (followers) include thousands of Americans, Europeans, and Asians.

Answer 378

Osho (1931-990) (Bhaghwan Shree Rajneesh) His philosophy blends Western and Eastern traditions, with special emphasis on Zen Buddhism. Important themes include meditation, putting aside the self and personal desires, and integrating the material and the spiritual aspects of life.

Question 379

contrary to intuition or to common-sense expectation (but often nevertheless true).

Answer 379

counter-intuitive -As counterintuitive as it may seem, the universe has no center, and it has no boundary. -Book title: The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F\*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life بر خلاف غریزه و یا روال معمول

Question 380

To barely begin; to see or do only a fraction of what is possible. (idiom)

Answer 380

**scratch the surface** ## Footnote "research has only **scratched the surface** of the paranormal"

Question 381

an arm or leg a large branch of a tree

Answer 381

**limb** /lɪm/

Question 382

to break into small pieces, to break down completely : COLLAPSE

Answer 382

Crumble ## Footnote The late 4th century AD, The Roman empire began to crumble.

Question 383

On May 14, ....., in Tel Aviv, Jewish Agency Chairman David Ben-Gurion proclaims the State of Israel, establishing the first Jewish state in 2,000 years. Ben-Gurion became Israel's first premier.

Answer 383

**1948** ## Footnote On May 14, 1948, when the British mandate over Palestine expired, Jewish authorities declared the establishment of the State of Israel. The declaration recalled the religious and spiritual connections of the Jewish people to the land of Israel, without mention of specific boundaries; guaranteed “freedom of religion and conscience, of language, education, and culture”; provided a framework for a democratic Jewish state founded on liberty, justice, and peace; and called for peaceful relations with Arab neighbors. The state declared itself open for Jewish immigration.

Question 384

Full of energy, excitement, and cheerfulness.

Answer 384

exuberant ## Footnote an exuberant personality =enthusiastic, excited, energetic, high-spirited, cheerful, lively, boisterous, animated, vigorous, buoyant, vivacious antonym: lethargic

Question 385

What We Know is a Drop;... .

Answer 385

... What We Don't Know is an Ocean” Isaac Newton

Question 386

an agreement that is achieved after everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first, or the act of making this agreement

Answer 386

**compromise** /ˈkɒmprəmaɪz/ ## Footnote Stress **compromises** the ability of the body to digest, absorb, metabolize, and eliminate nutrients (such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, and water) because the body is in a state of "fight or flight."

Question 387

The ....... of something is its quality of being tasty or acceptable in some other way.

Answer 387

**palatability** ## Footnote The affordability, availability of foods and ingredients, **palatability**, familiarity, and perceived healthfulness of foods may prompt immigrant families to retain or discard certain traditional foods and adopt novel foods associated with the mainstream culture. This "adoption" can lead to obesity./ When you're baking a cake, its **palatability** is much more important than the way it looks.

Question 388

types of nutrients needed in smaller amounts for the body.

Answer 388

Micronutrients These nutrients are just as important. The types of nutrients that are found in this group include vitamins and minerals.

Question 389

a person living in solitude as a religious discipline.

Answer 389

hermit

Question 390

a tight thin piece of skin over the inside of your ear which allows you to hear sound

Answer 390

eardrum (aslo called **the tympanic membrane** or **myringa**) sounds starts as air vibration, which then move our eardrums and the little bones and then finally fluid in the cochlea and that trigers hair cells to fire,

Question 391

someone who illegally punishes criminals and tries to prevent crime, usually because they think the police are not doing this effectively

Answer 391

vigilante ## Footnote If you were German in 1919, your piece was humiliation and sufferin. vigilantes rule the street, Berlin had become the swamp of depravity.

Question 392

infamous complex of concentration and death camps run by Nazi Germany during World War II (1939-1945).

Answer 392

Auschwitz ## Footnote The complex was located in southern Poland, outside the town of Oświęcim (which the Germans called Auschwitz), on the Wisła (Vistula) River about 50 km (30 mi) southwest of Kraków. The complex comprised the largest of the Nazi death and concentration camps, and its name has become forever associated with genocide.

Question 393

the fact of doing something that is not allowed by a law or rule

Answer 393

**contravention** Do you think CAMBRIDGE ANALYTICA was ever involved in the **contravention** of people's human rights? =breaking breaking, flouting, breach, infringement, disobeying, violation antonym: observance

Question 394

​(of a room or space) very large and often empty and/or dark; like a cave

Answer 394

**cavernous** ## Footnote Subconscious: This is the dark, **cavernous** place where your brain’s attentional network lives and sparks. the vast, **cavernous** space of the empty concert hall =vast, spacious, yawning, deep, gaping, roomy, commodious antonym: cramped

Question 395

name of the highest class (varna) in the system of Hinduism.

Answer 395

Brahman ## Footnote According to the Rig-Veda, the task of the Brahman is to relate knowledge (vidya). The primary activities of this priestly elite are the study and teaching of the Veda and the performance of religious celebrations. According to the Laws of Manu, this class issued from the mouth of the god Brahma at the moment of creation. To the orthodox Hindu, the person of a Brahman is sacred; Brahmans are the chief of all created beings, and other mortals enjoy life through them. The four stages in the ideal life of a Brahman are those of student, householder, forest-dweller, and renouncer

Question 396

able to talk easily and effectively about things, especially difficult subjects.

Answer 396

articulate there is no simple definition of the concept of religion that fully articulates all its dimensions. OPP inarticulate

Question 397

an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan,

Answer 397

**Harappa** ## Footnote The two greatest cities, Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, emerged circa 2600 BC along the Indus River valley in Punjab and Sindh// The earliest civilization in India has been given the name of "Indus Valley" or "**Harappan**" after one of its most well-developed cities, Harappa, now in Pakistan. // The Indus Valley people, who may be the forerunners of the Dravidian population of South India, appear to have been gradually pushed down south by the Aryans, who commenced their migrations from the Caucasus Mountains (in the present-day region of Georgia in the former Soviet Union) to India around 2000 BC

Question 398

**come out**

Answer 398

**come out** ## Footnote One of the Basis of Naturopathic Medicine: instead of suppressing symptoms of illness, they should be encouraged to **come out**, and the body should be helped to fight back and restore its proper balance.

Question 399

during the whole period of time since something happened

Answer 399

**ever since** ## Footnote I have been excited about developing and teaching this course **ever since** I discovered online learning./ "she had lived alone ever since her husband died"

Question 400

They receive information into Neurons, while Axons send information from them.

Answer 400

**dendrites**

Question 401

According to Buddhist principles a term that refers to being unsettled, restless, or confused

Answer 401

Monkey Mind ## Footnote Our brains allow us to call memories or imagine the future, but it also lets us endlessly ruminate about regrets and fears. It is also the part of your brain that becomes easily distracted, so if you want to get anything done in life, your challenge will be to shut down the monkey mind

Question 402

oversupplied: having more of something than is desirable or manageable

Answer 402

awash ## Footnote Berlin was awash by with Hegelian ideas but perhaps the most important idea of Hegel's that thay are completely captivated by is the idea of history as this gradual unfolding of freedom and of reason. (Genius of th moden world. S01E01 Karl Marx)

Question 403

the quality of being infallible; the inability to be wrong.

Answer 403

**infallibility** ## Footnote Belief in the **infallibility** of the Vedas is commonly accepted as one of the three central tenets of Hinduism. Such a view illustrates one of the fundamental difficulties in understanding Hinduism, namely the gap between the "textbook" and the view from the ground.

Question 404

VERY INFORMAL to kill someone, to destroy completely : ANNIHILATE

Answer 404

**wipe out** ## Footnote Did you know that one slave from a Spanish ship **wiped out** 50% of the Aztec Empire (including its leader), simply by introducing small pox? In fact, 95% of indigenous populations were killed not from European swords or muskets, but instead by the hands of their germs. (Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond)

Question 405

part of the inner ear involved in hearing, the spiral cavity of the inner ear containing the organ of Corti, which produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations.

Answer 405

cochlea /ˈkōklēə ## Footnote Sound waves travel through the auditory canal and are transmitted by the bones of the intermediate ear toward the cochlea, which contains liquid and is spiraled like the shell of a small sea snail. from Greek kokhlias "snail, screw حلزون گوش

Question 406

to hide a fact or feeling so that people will not notice it

Answer 406

disguise ## Footnote Adolf Hitler never disguised his belief that the Soviet Union would be his regime's ultimate enemy. Try as he might, Dan couldn’t disguise his feelings for Katie. **disguise the fact (that):** T**here’s no disguising the fact that** business is bad. The speech was seen by many as a **thinly disguised** attack on the president.

Question 407

the origin of your parents or other older members of your family

Answer 407

**descent** /dɪˈsent/ ## Footnote For some reason those of European descent were able to colonize indigenous peoples of Australia, the New World, and Africa.

Question 408

the natural process of making milk in the breasts in order to feed a baby

Answer 408

**lactation** /lækˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ ## Footnote Consume alcohol in moderation and avoid consumption of any alcohol during pregnancy or lactation. High alcohol intake compromises liver and immune function.

Question 409

## Footnote breachable: easy to cross, infiltrate, or penetrate

Answer 409

**porous** ## Footnote John Bolton: Terrorsts love **porous** boarders. **/porous** material/rocks/surfaces

Question 410

a prehistoric ivory sculpture discovered in the Hohlenstein-Stadel, a German cave in 1939. the oldest-known zoomorphic (animal-shaped) sculpture in the world

Answer 410

Lion-man ## Footnote (also The Löwenmensch figurine or Lion-man of the Hohlenstein-Stadel) it was found to be between 35,000 and 40,000 years old,

Question 411

the army of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1918 through 1992.

Answer 411

Red Army ## Footnote The word Red was removed from the army's title in 1946. Formed from remnants of the Russian Imperial Army shortly after the Communists seized power, the army's mission was to defend Communist Russia's frontiers and protect the changes effected by the Russian Revolution of 1917. Membership in the Red Army was originally voluntary, in keeping with Communist ideals, but within months compulsory conscription was introduced. The Red Army had no saluting or properly defined system of rank until 1935; in the years that followed it developed a more conventional structure, and soldiers were provided with better pay and amenities

Question 412

not able to decide something /idioms

Answer 412

**on the fence** ## Footnote Many consumers are still **on the fence**, waiting for a less expensive computer to come along.

Question 413

intentional: carefully thought out and done intentionally

Answer 413

**deliberate** ## Footnote SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY: "Scientific inquiry is a **deliberate** way of asking and answering questions about the natural world". =thoughtful, careful, slow, cautious, unhurried, wary, measured, considered, methodical, meditative antonym: hasty

Question 414

"Truth serum" is a colloquial name for any of a range of psychoactive drugs used in an effort to obtain information

Answer 414

**Sodium thiopental**

Question 415

a sudden strong feeling of excitement or fear; a thrill.

Answer 415

**frisson** ## Footnote What's happening is that my amygdala is telling my hypothalamus to tell my Adrenal glands twist start pumping into my bloodstream this makes my arrector pili muscles contract, which makes my hair stand up. Now if my body were covered thick fur like a cat this would make me look bigger and more threatening. But of course a long long time ago we humans lost a lot of our fur. But we didn't lose the reflex which makes it is **vestigial reflex** something we don't need anymore but we still have. It's known as the **piloerection reflex** or more commonly **goosebumps**.

Question 416

the distance east or west of the Greenwich meridian (=an imaginary line from the top of the Earth to the bottom), measured in degrees and minutes. Latitude is the distance north or south of the equator.

Answer 416

**Longitude** /ˈlɒndʒɪˌtjuːd/ طول جغرافیایی

Question 417

the surgical removal of part of the bone from the skull to expose the brain

Answer 417

craniotomy ## Footnote Greek kranion"skull"+ -tomy ""a cutting" pic: This 4,000-year old skull from Jericho, in Palestine, shows the results of trepanning, or drilling holes in the skull—probably to expose the brain and release evil spirits. Modern surgery uses a similar technique, called craniotomy, to release pressure in the brain caused by bleeding

Question 418

the first ancient empire of Mesopotamia

Answer 418

**The Akkadian Empire** ## Footnote centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region, which the Bible also called Akkad. The empire united Akkadian and Sumerian speakers under one rule. Capital: Akkad Founded: 2334 BC Government: Monarchy Date dissolved: 2154 BC Historical era: Bronze Age

Question 419

a religion in which people believe that things in nature, such as animals, trees, and mountains, have spirits

Answer 419

**animism**

Question 420

to increase in extent, volume, number, amount, intensity, or scope

Answer 420

**escalate**/ˈeskəleɪt/ ## Footnote Sometimes we can overlook one of the most important things that keeps us healthy and can **escalate** healing.

Question 421

a small amount or piece that is taken from something, so that it can be tested or examined

Answer 421

**specimen** /ˈspesɪmən/ ## Footnote a blood **specimen** a **specimen** of rock =demo, sample, showpiece, example, specimen, demonstrator, demo tape

Question 422

for one who has conquered the mind, the mind is the best of friends; ...

Answer 422

... but for one who has failed to do so, his mind will remain the greatest enemy. -Bhagavad Gita

Question 423

refer to someone who puts a high standard on the way he behaves.

Answer 423

**classy**

Question 424

an illness that affects people or animals, especially one that is caused by infection

Answer 424

**disease** /dɪˈziːz/ ## Footnote The word disease comes from a French word meaning "the lack of ease." So, we could define health as the opposite of the absence of ease.

Question 425

formally declare something: to declare something officially to be the case

Answer 425

**pro.nounce** Her mother, Alice Harmon, was **pronounced** dead at the scene.

Question 426

to shake slightly because you are cold or frightened

Answer 426

**shiver** ## Footnote Jake stood shivering in the cold air. (shiver with cold/fear/delight etc): She shivered with fear and anger.

Question 427

to do something that produces an effect or change in something or in someone’s situation

Answer 427

**affects** /əˈfekt/ ## Footnote Stress **affects** every single system in the body and also impacts nutrition in many ways.

Question 428

"Salute to the Sun" or "Sun Salutation"

Answer 428

**Surya Namaskār** ## Footnote (Sanskrit: सूर्यनमस्कार the Sanskrit सूर्य Sūrya, "Sun" and नमस्कार Namaskār, "Greeting" or "Salute".[4] The name identifies the sun as the soul and source of all life

Question 429

to give or feel something mutually or in return

Answer 429

reciprocate ## Footnote I couldn't accept such a generous gift without reciprocating. we tend to find comfort in ppl who reciprocate our expressions of intemacy =give in return, respond, give back, counter, reply, return, share, interchange

Question 430

a law that forces people to stay indoors after a particular time at night, or the time people must be indoors

Answer 430

curfew * The government **imposed** a night-time **curfew** throughout the country. * The **curfew** was **lifted** (=ended) on May 6th. * The whole town was **placed under curfew**. * Anyone found in the streets after curfew was shot. =restriction, time limit, deadline, limitation, regulation, control

Question 431

a person who does not eat meat but does eat fish.

Answer 431

**pescatarian**

Question 432

is a term for the "body locks" in Hatha Yoga,

Answer 432

**bandha** ## Footnote (Sanskrit: बंध) means "bond; contracting".

Question 433

as bad as can be; characterized by human misery

Answer 433

**Dystopian** ## Footnote China’s Vanishing Muslims: Undercover In The Most Dystopian Place In The World Antonyms: **utopian** **Greek** Dys- : bad... topos : place

Question 434

German air force during World War II.

Answer 434

Luftwaffe

Question 435

proceeding from instinct rather than from reasoned thinking

Answer 435

visceral ## Footnote When you are attracted to sb, you shouldn't really be able to explain it beyond just, like, I am attracted to them, right? It shoild just be visceral, and you should know it. =instinctual, intuitive, instinctive, primitive, animal, primeval, gut antonym: reasoned

Question 436

a television series that follows a particular person or group of people and their involvement in real events and situations over a period of time.

Answer 436

**docuseries** ## Footnote The 20 Best **Docuseries** You Can Stream Right Now

Question 438

a French physician, anatomist and anthropologist. He is best known for his research on Broca's area, a region of the frontal lobe that is named after him. Broca's area is involved with language.

Answer 438

Pierre Paul Broca

Question 439

impossible to avoid or prevent

Answer 439

**inevitable** /ɪnˈevɪtəb(ə)l/ ## Footnote ancient trade routes mostly ran east-west. So, when the people of modern China invented gunpowder, it was almost **inevitable** that the metal workers of the Middle East and Europe would codify its power into the most powerful weapon the world had ever seen: the gun. (Guns, Germs, and Steel , Jared Diamond)

Question 440

the act of treating somebody in a cruel and unfair way, especially because of their race, religion or political beliefs

Answer 440

**persecution** ## Footnote Zoroastrianism did not die as a religion with Muslim Arab invasion, it merely lost its political status. The Islamic conquest brought centuries of **persecution**, at times vigorous oppression, to Zoroastrians in Persia.((Persian Mythology By JOHN R HINNELLS)) =harassment, oppression, maltreatment, pursuit, torture, discrimination, torment, tyranny, intimidation, subjection antonym: protection

Question 441

to make something become part of an organized system, society or culture, so that it is considered normal

Answer 441

**institutionalize** ## Footnote I want to show that although, historically, science has been misused to institutionalize racism, today, science is no ally to racists. In my view, science can and should be deployed as an anti-racist tool. (How to argue with a racist,

Question 442

a system of Hindu traditional medicine

Answer 442

Ayurveda alternative medicine Same as **Ayurvedic medicine** a traditional Hindu system of healing that assesses somebody's constitution and lifestyle, and recommends treatment based on herbal preparations, diet, yoga, and purification (Sanskrit Āyurveda आयुर्वेद, "life-knowledge";

Question 443

done contrary to or without choice

Answer 443

involuntary ## Footnote Respiration is usually an involuntary, automatic action that allows us to take in the oxygen we need from the air and exhale carbon dioxide. These gases are exchanged in the pulmonary alveoli.

Question 444

to allow yourself to have too much of something you enjoy, especially food or drink

Answer 444

**overindulge**/ˌəʊvərɪnˈdʌldʒ/ ## Footnote Family gatherings often offer large amounts of food and alcohol and the opportunity to socialize as well as **overindulge** in less healthy food and drink options. =overeat, eat too much, gorge yourself, binge, stuff yourself, gorge

Question 445

to refuse to obey a law or rule, or refuse to do what someone in authority tells you to do

Answer 445

defy/dəˈfī/ ## Footnote Over the centuries, people have defied opposition to their faiths, suffering persecution or death to defend their right to worship their God or gods.

Question 446

used to tell someone to stop doing something that one finds annoying or foolish.

Answer 446

**knock it off** ## Footnote would you knock it off?

Question 447

Mongol military leader, founder and first emperor (1279-1294) of the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China, grandson of the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan and his best-known successor.​

Answer 447

**Kublai Khan (1215-1294)**

Question 448

to give too much food to

Answer 448

**overfeed** ## Footnote Some believe that people are forced to **overfeed** themselves in order to get a little nourishment because foods are not as nutritionally complete as they were a hundred or more years ago.

Question 449

intended to stop something you do not want to happen, such as illness, from happening

Answer 449

preventive ## Footnote preventive health programs

Question 450

the action of hitting someone’s closed hand with your own, as a greeting or celebration

Answer 450

fist bump

Question 451

decided or arranged without any reason or plan, often unfairly

Answer 451

arbitrary ## Footnote My parents' authority seemed arbitrary. I really didn't want to followe their rules. an **arbitrary decision** the **arbitrary arrests** of political opponents =random, chance, subjective, uninformed, illogical, capricious, indiscriminate, haphazard antonym: systematic

Question 452

calm and relaxed

Answer 452

**laid-back** ## Footnote She’s always so laid-back about everything.

Question 453

a German **philosopher** and an important figure in German **idealism**. He is considered one of the fundamental figures of modern **Western philosophy**, with his influence extending to the entire range of contemporary philosophical issues, from **aesthetics** to **ontology** to **politics**, both in the **analytic** and **continental tradition**.

Answer 453

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich **Hegel​(1770-1831)** German philosopher Hegel proposed that truth is reached by a continuing dialectic, in which a concept (thesis) always gives rise to its opposite (antithesis), and the interaction between these two leads to the creation of a new concept (synthesis). Hegel employed this dialectical method in such works as The Phenomenology of Mind (1807) to explain history and the evolution of ideas.

Question 454

Each protein is made of ..... linked like beads in a necklace.

Answer 454

amino acids

Question 455

strong dislike or hatred

Answer 455

**animosity** ## Footnote After decades of **animosity** and with the mediation of Pope Francis, US president Barak Obama, sees the opportunity to make history. **=hostility**, hatred, loathing, ill feeling, ill will, enmity, bitterness, acrimony, rancor, dislike, antagonism, bad blood, no love lost antonym: goodwill

Question 456

The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which had directly led to the war. The other Central Powers on the German side signed separate treaties.

Answer 456

The Versailles Treaty ## Footnote for Germany The Versailles Treaty was disastrous. It demands compensation and revenge for WWI. Germany is fined more than 260 billion gold marks (the equivalent of 860 billion dollars in today's money). A fifth of thier industry is taken over by the Allies. while in Europe they're forced to give upa massive 13% of German territory and hand it to neighbouring countries. almost 7 millions of Germans lose their citizenship, The 1919 Treaty that ended WWI had 440 clauses, 414 were devoted to punishing Germany.

Question 457

a substance that is added in small amounts to something, especially food, in order to make it last longer, look more attractive, or improve it in some way

Answer 457

**additive** /ˈædətɪv/ ## Footnote In the United States, the quantity of available food is the envy of the world. Yet our food quality is not as admirable given the amount of processed, high-sugar food we eat—food that also contains herbicides, pesticides, hormones, ***additives***, antibiotics and other less-than-healthy elements.

Question 458

not having or exhibiting subtle qualities or distinctions

Answer 458

**unnuanced** ## Footnote - lacking nuances Many believe that some races, cultures, or nationalities are “superior” to others, and use an **unnuanced** approach to history to justify these claims. This book confronts those beliefs head on.

Question 459

to state officially that something is not illegal anymore

Answer 459

decriminalize ## Footnote a campaign to decriminalize cannabis. make legal, legalize, sanction, authorize, permit, accept, allow, tolerate antonym: outlaw

Question 460

series of American piloted spacecraft launched to develop the techniques necessary to send humans to the moon.

Answer 460

**Gemini Program** ## Footnote Gemini’s specific objectives were to rendezvous and dock with a second orbiting vehicle; learn how to keep astronauts and equipment in space for up to two weeks

Question 461

a quality or ability is one that you have always had

Answer 461

**innate**/ˌɪˈneɪt/ ## Footnote Naturopaths believe that the body has an **innate** capacity for self-healing. They educate their clients on setting up the proper external and internal environments so that healing will take place.

Question 462

the author of the book called: **"Guns, Germs, and Steel", the fates of human societies**

Answer 462

**Jared Diamond** ## Footnote There are very few people with the energy, resources, or (most importantly) expertise and intellect to theorize a history of civilization. Well, Jared Diamond is one person with all of the above. As a Professor at UCLA, he has taught various geography and history courses while doing research that culminated in his magnum opus, Guns, Germs, and Steel. For his writing, he has been awarded a Pulitzer Prize and been ranked in the top 10 public intellectuals in the world by Prospect and Foreign Policy.

Question 463

​the money that a government receives from taxes or that an organization, etc. receives from its business

Answer 463

**revenue** ## Footnote How much of Facebook's **revenue** comes directly from monetization of users' personal data? (the Great Hack) **=**income, proceeds, profits, returns, takings antonym: expenses

Question 464

widespread in a particular area or at a particular time, predominant; powerful.

Answer 464

**prevalent** ## Footnote they are eight key food allergens that trigger more than 90% of all food alergic reactions: shellfish, tree nut, egg, milk, fin fish, soy, wheat and the most prevalent of all among childern: the peanut. =predominant, widespread, dominant, rampant, ubiquitous, established, customary, prevailing, numerous, frequent, common antonym: rare

Question 465

a traditional system of medicine from India that gives people advice on food and the way they live

Answer 465

**Ayurvedic medicine** ## Footnote many of the world's major healing traditions (such as traditional Chinese medicine and **Ayurvedic medicine**) that have been around for thousands of years have emphasized the relationship between diet and health. Even Hippocrates, the father of Western medicine said "Let food be thy medicine, thy medicine shall be food"

Question 466

a common brownish monkey of the macaque family. Native to: South Asia.

Answer 466

Rhesus Monkey

Question 467

foods that provide the substances that people need in order to be healthy

Answer 467

**nutritious** /njuːˈtrɪʃəs/ ## Footnote Food provides an opportunity to socialize and, if the food is **nutritious**, it also supports a healthy body and mind.

Question 468

a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.

Answer 468

**Indus (River) Valley Civilisation** ## Footnote The earliest civilization in India has been given the name of "**Indus Valley**" or "Harappan" after one of its most well-developed cities, Harappa, now in Pakistan. // **The Indus Valley people**, who may be the forerunners of the Dravidian population of South India, appear to have been gradually pushed down south by the Aryans, who commenced their migrations from the Caucasus Mountains (in the present-day region of Georgia in the former Soviet Union) to India around 2000 BC.

Question 469

Palestinian imam and politician. He was a founder of Hamas, an Islamist Palestinian paramilitary organization and political party. Yassin also served as the spiritual leader of the organization.

Answer 469

Sheikh Ahmed Yassin

Question 470

an arrogant and unyielding mood or attitude.

Answer 470

high horse ## Footnote Get off your high horse! Emma Woodhouse is a snobby Jane Austen character known for being on her high horse.

Question 471

He was installed by the soviets as the first superme leader in 1948 and in fact he is still the president of DPRK today even though he is been dead since 1994.

Answer 471

Kim il\_sung (1912-1994)

Question 472

chess piece: a chess piece of the lowest value that can move one square forward at a time, with an optional first move of two squares.

Answer 472

pawn ## Footnote It can take other pieces by moving diagonally and can be exchanged for any other captured piece on reaching the farthest rank of the board.

Question 473

chess: horse's head chess piece: a chess piece shaped like a horse's head that moves two squares horizontally and one vertically or two vertically and one horizontally. Symbol N

Answer 473

knight

Question 474

Breath, considered as a life-giving force. (Hinduism )

Answer 474

prana But there’s nothing ancient about the concept of prana: Prana is the life “force.” May the force be with you as you begin your yoga practice. prana (प्राण, prāṇa; the Sanskrit word for "life force" or "vital principle")

Question 475

look at something critically: to examine something carefully in order to judge its quality or correctness

Answer 475

inspect ## Footnote She took the cheese out of the refrigerator and inspected it for mold.

Question 476

a Chinese mystical philosophy traditionally founded by Lao-tzu in the sixth century b.c. that teaches conformity by unassertive action and simplicity

Answer 476

Taoism ## Footnote From the 17th century BCE, the Chinese dynasties established their nation states and empires. There emerged traditional folk religions and ancestor worship that were later incorporated into the more philosophical belief systems of ***Daoism*** and Confucianism. also: Daoism

Question 477

having four right angles ## Footnote مستطیل

Answer 477

**rectangular** ## Footnote having the shape of a **rectangle**

Question 478

in an extremely beautiful and delicate manner. /adv

Answer 478

exquisitely ## Footnote the body—an integrated system that includes the brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, muscles, bones, skin, and endocrine glands— acts together in exquisitely regulated harmony.

Question 479

relating to the relationship between the mind and physical illness

Answer 479

**psychosomatic**/ˌsaɪkəʊsəʊˈmætɪk/ ## Footnote All illness is **psychosomatic** because we are mind-bodies not just bodies. This must be considered when deciding how to manage disease.

Question 480

a movement of your shoulders upwards and then downwards again that you make to show that you do not know something or do not care about something /body language

Answer 480

shrug ## Footnote I just **shrugged** my **shoulders** and ignored him. Melanie shrugged and walked away.

Question 481

a very tall machine used for lifting or moving heavy objects and building tall buildings

Answer 481

crane ## Footnote Many machines copy principles of mechanics shown by the skeleton. For example, each arm has two sets of long bones that can extend the reach of the hand, or fold back on themselves—like these cranes.

Question 482

Syrian politician who seized control of his country’s government as prime minister in 1970 and became president in 1971.

Answer 482

**Hafez al-Assad** (1930-2000) The leader of a repressive government that sent thousands of troops to crush a political uprising in 1982, Assad survived several coup attempts in the 1980s. Openly hostile to Israel, Assad supported Egypt’s 1973 war against Israel and financed the Palestine Liberation Organization in its efforts to establish a Palestinian state. After failing to ally with Iraq in 1979, Assad supported Iran in its 1980-1988 war with Iraq and sent troops to fight against Iraq during the Persian Gulf War (1991)

Question 483

a balancing asana

Answer 483

**Vrksasana** (Tree Pose) ## Footnote **Strengthens**: Vertebral column, Thigh, Calf, Ankle **Stretches**: Thorax, Inguinal region, Thigh, Shoulder **Pose type**: standing

Question 484

The trinity of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.

Answer 484

**Trimurti** ## Footnote The Trimūrti (/trɪˈmʊərti/; Sanskrit: त्रिमूर्ति trimūrti, "three forms") is the Triple deity of supreme divinity in Hinduism. in which the cosmic functions of creation, maintenance, and destruction are personified as a triad of deities, typically Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer, though individual denominations may vary from that particular line-up. When all three deities of the **Trimurti** incarnate into a sin

Question 485

statements, information, ideas, or beliefs disagree with each other and cannot both or all be true

Answer 485

**contradictory**/ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪktəri/ ## Footnote Human history has seen the rise and fall of countless religions, each with its own distinct beliefs, rituals, and mythology. Although some are similar and considered to be branches of a larger tradition, there are many contrasting and **contradictory belief systems**. =inconsistent, self-contradictory, contrary, opposing, clashing, conflicting, at odds, differing, incongruous, ambiguous, paradoxical antonym: consistent

Question 486

to start doing something eagerly

Answer 486

dive in ## Footnote - Let's dive in! - Harvey dived in with several questions =take the plunge take the plunge, go for it (slang), jump in, throw caution to the wind, take the bull by the horns, bite the bullet, plunge in, commit antonym: hold back

Question 487

to explode or to make something explode

Answer 487

detonate ## Footnote Terrorists have attacked Subway systems before: London July 7, 2005. Three suicide bombers successfully detonate their explosives on a British underground, killing 52 people, injuring over 700, =explode, blow up, set off, ignite, spark off, discharge (formal)

Question 488

Incapable of making mistakes or being wrong.

Answer 488

**infallible** ## Footnote if the vedas is **infallible** for hindus - as the quran is **infallible** for muslems- one wouls expect wisedpread familarities with these texts.

Question 489

showing no interest or enthusiasm

Answer 489

**apathetic** ## Footnote **apathetic** voters/ We need to reach those children who are **apathetic** about school =indifferent, uninterested, listless, dispirited, droopy, unconcerned, lethargic, lazy, bored antonym: enthusiastic

Question 490

a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body.

Answer 490

DENDRITE ## Footnote (also dendrons) They are the branches through which a neuron receives and sends messages. With this system each neuron can be stimulated by thousands of other neurons, which in turn can stimulate other neurons, and so forth. Greek δένδρον déndron, "tree"),

Question 491

the fact of making somebody less likely to do something

Answer 491

**deterrence** ## Footnote Still, attacking Marks is one of several options U.S. officials believe Iran’s regime is considering for retaliation since the general, Qassem Soleimani, was assassinated by a U.S. drone strike in January. At the time, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said the U.S. killed Soleimani to re-establish **deterrence** against Iran. =discouragement, dissuasion, preemption, prevention, restriction, limitation بازداری antonym: encouragement

Question 492

a large deep hole that appears to have no bottom/ also ---;(a very frightening or dangerous situation, or one in which there seems to be no hope)

Answer 492

abyss /əˈbɪs/ ## Footnote Man is a rope stretched between the animal and the Superman--a rope over an **abyss**.(Friedrich Nietzsche/thus spoke zarathustra)

Question 493

The main active ingredient of marijuana

Answer 493

THC (tetra·hydro·cannabinol) The main active ingredient of marijuana is THC, and there is strong evidence that THC is related to psychosis, regardless of other risk factors.

Question 494

an underground shelter, especially one built for troops, with a fortified gun position above ground

Answer 494

bunker

Question 495

is part of most of the Sanskrit pose names. It is defined as any of the yogic postures or movements, but literally translates to “seat.” It's said that originally the only posture in yoga was a comfortable seat taken for long periods of mediation.

Answer 495

Asana Sanskrit: आसन āsana "sitting down"

Question 496

​carefully chosen for a special purpose

Answer 496

**hand-picked** ## Footnote Around 1444, Ten **handpicked** Africans were taken, they were transported to Portugal, as a gift to Prince Henry the navigator of Portugal. =select, exclusive, finest, top-quality, crack, elite, chosen antonym: run-of-the-mill

Question 497

a temporary or permanent stop in a process

Answer 497

halt ## Footnote Many destructive forces can halt healing

Question 498

the longest and strongest bone in the human body.

Answer 498

**femur** (thighbone)

Question 499

having a very powerful effect or influence on your body or mind

Answer 499

potent ## Footnote Marijuana has been engineered to become much more potent. Today, marijuana is so potent, that is actually is a strong drug that may cause pychosis. =strong, effective, powerful, forceful, mighty, vigorous, puissant (literary) antonym: weak

Question 500

to walk or travel around an area without any definite aim or direction

Answer 500

**roam** ## Footnote Back to those dinosaurs. How do we know that they once **roamed** the Earth? We have never seen them or heard them or had to run away from them. wander, rove, travel, journey, stray, ramble, meander antonym: settle

Question 501

the theory, generally abandoned in the mid-19th century, that the earth's surface was shaped by the biblical flood.

Answer 501

**diluvialism** (daɪˈluːvɪəlɪzm) ## Footnote diluvialism theory proposed that all Earth’s sedimentary rocks (made of sand, mud, and lime) had been deposited by floods when all the victims had been drowned and preserved as fossils within them. As a popular notion, rather than a scientific theory, it survived among fundamentalists into the 19th century, but by 1820 the evidence against it was so strong that the idea had largely disappeared.

Question 502

To push or press something downward with great force or speed.

Answer 502

punch down ## Footnote The fighter pilot punched the throttle down, and the jet rocketed forward.

Question 503

**narrow the scope**

Answer 503

**narrow the scope** ## Footnote There is so much information related to Natural Health that it was difficult to narrow my scope. I decided to be as basic as possible, touching on the areas I think most people are interested in and will be able to use.

Question 504

an alliance of nations that was established in 1920 to promote world peace and cooperation and replaced by the United Nations in 1946. Headquarters: Geneva , Switzerland

Answer 504

League of Nations ## Footnote It was first proposed by President Woodrow Wilson after World War I, though the United States never joined, and it became increasingly ineffective in the 1930s

Question 505

He became the symbol of the final solution, even though he was not the architect as Ben Gurion had tried to demonstrate

Answer 505

**Adolf Eichman** ## Footnote At the end of the war, Hitler, Himmler and Goering all escaped Justice by taking their own lives. The remaining Mastermind the Holocaust vanished was never brought to trial Nuremberg. A decade later, most of the world had stopped wondering what became of the head of the SS "office of Jewish affairs": Adolf Eichman.

Question 506

Egyptian statesman, who rose from humble beginnings to become president of Egypt (1956-1970) and the most influential leader of the Arab world

Answer 506

**Gamal Abdel Nasser** (1918-1970) ## Footnote **Gamal Abdel Nasser** led a nationalist movement in 1952 that ousted the Egyptian monarchy and transformed Egypt into a republic. **Nasser** became leader of Egypt in 1954 and subsequently negotiated an end to Britain’s 72-year occupation of Egypt. **Nasser** was elected president of Egypt in 1956 and remained in office until his death in 1970. His accomplishments included the construction of the Aswān High Dam, the institution of land reforms and a program of industrialization, and the restoration of Egyptian self-government. Nasser also pursued policies of Arab unity and socialism.(Encarta) Political Party : **Arab Socialist Union**

Question 507

having a strong influence or effect

Answer 507

**profound** ## Footnote Tolstoy’s experiences of war had a profound effect on his work./ The mother’s behaviour has a profound impact on the developing child. /profound changes in society

Question 508

a small animal or plant that lives on or inside another animal or plant and gets its food from it

Answer 508

**parasite** fleas, lice and other **parasites** an intestinal **parasite** of cattle **=**pest, organism, bug, bloodsucker, insect, flea, louse antonym: host

Question 509

in public areas we need to acknowlege of presence of other people, but we are also to give them privacy.

Answer 509

civil inattention this is established through eye contact but then the eyes avert

Question 510

a food, drink, or drug that makes you want to have sex

Answer 510

aphrodisiac ## Footnote the main question is why only gays get the disease(HIV), one clue is this: almost everyone who gets the disease uses uses this liquid. It contains a vapor which, when inhaled, acts on the heart. it's used as an aphrodisiac.

Question 511

believe nothing .... Buddha quotaton

Answer 511

believe nothing unless it agrees with your own reason. Buddha

Question 512

Effective June 1, 2011, .................... replaced the Food Guide Pyramid, as the new standard for food choices in the United States.

Answer 512

**The Food Plate** ## Footnote The guidelines and the graphic provide an easy way to make food choices from five food groups: grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, and protein. The Food Guide Pyramid had four basic food groups (dairy, meat, fruits and vegetables, and breads and cereals).

Question 513

the area at the back of your eye that receives light and sends an image of what you see to your brain

Answer 513

retina The retina is covered with receivers, called photoreceptors, which convert light into neural signals شبکیه چشم

Question 514

History is a set of lies, ...... Napoleon quote

Answer 514

History is a set of lies, **agreed upon** ## Footnote (What Napoleon is saying in this quote is essentially that we don't actually know happened at any point in history.)

Question 515

## Footnote to push or poke somebody gently, usually with a motion of the elbow

Answer 515

**nudge** ## Footnote He nudged me and whispered, ‘Look who's just come in.’ **=**push, bump, elbow, shove, jolt, prod

Question 516

Your cells don’t live as long as you do, so the human body is a construction site during your whole life. You’re constantly rebuilding all your body parts every day. ---- are used for this growth and repair.

Answer 516

Proteins Proteins are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but they also contain nitrogen. Greek proteios "the first quality," from protos "first"

Question 517

prescription without physical effect

Answer 517

**placebo** ## Footnote my yoga teacher told me practicing yoga can reduce anxiety a lot and when I started to practice yoga I felt I am calmer and more passionate but I thought maybe it is just **a placebo response**.(SARA LAZAR,Neuroscientist) Latin, "I shall please"

Question 518

an almond-shaped mass of gray matter, one in each hemisphere of the brain, associated with feelings of fear and aggression and important for visual learning and memory

Answer 518

amygdala ## Footnote Even an eight-week mindfulness-based stress reduction program had a significant impact on the brain. Those doing the mindfulness program had smaller amygdalae—the aggressive part of the brain that reacts to stress—and larger temporoparietal junctions (TPJs), a part of the brain associated with empathy and compassion. Greek amugdalē "almond

Question 519

a loop that passes through a knot in the end of a rope or other line. When the rope is pulled, the loop becomes smaller.

Answer 519

noose ## Footnote a hangman’s noose The noose tightened around her neck. They tied a noose around her neck. (figurative) His debts were a noose around his neck.

Question 520

false name especially used by a criminal: an assumed name that somebody uses 2. file or directory name: a name assigned to a computer file or directory, e.g. to make it more convenient to locate or manipulate

Answer 520

alias ## Footnote a spy oerating under

Question 521

one of the first sophisticated civilization to walk the lands of India

Answer 521

**Harappa Civilization** ## Footnote The Indus civilisation is also known as the Harappan Civilisation, after its type site, Harappa, they had their own writing system, advanced social and economic system. the civiization collapsed 1500 BCE. Period: **Bronze Age** South Asia Datesc. **3300 – c. 1300 BCE** Archaeologists have found the remains of a city and evidence of a possible link between **Indian** and **Sumerian** cultures.

Question 522

The last Prime Minister of Iran under the Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi.

Answer 522

**Shapour Bakhtiar​**

Question 523

if something such as a marriage or a business is ......, it is experiencing very severe difficulties and looks likely to end very soon / idioms

Answer 523

to be on the rocks ## Footnote She admitted that her marriage was on the rocks. Our film industry is on the rocks.

Question 524

describes sensory stimuli that have no consequential effects and are considered neither good nor bad.

Answer 524

**Neustress**

Question 525

a big change that causes a lot of worry and problems

Answer 525

**upheaval** ## Footnote For centuries, Cuba has been a hotbed for **upheaval**. =disturbance, turmoil, disorder, confusion, cataclysm, commotion, disruption, mayhem (informal) antonym: peace

Question 526

as fast or as hard as possible.

Answer 526

flat out ## Footnote the north korea is the last Socialist/communist cult of personality utopian states and much like Stalin in the sovit union or Mao in china, their leader revelaed not only just as political figures but flat-out worshipped as Gods!

Question 527

two or more things that are ......, they are closely related and affect each other

Answer 527

**inextricable**/ ɪnˈekstrɪk- ## Footnote "the past and the present are **inextricable​"**

Question 528

to organize something successfully

Answer 528

sort out

Question 529

an animal or human that has not yet been born, and has just begun to develop

Answer 529

embryo ## Footnote Did you know that an embryo is a mass of rapidly dividing cells that continue to develop during infancy? fetus in utero at an early stage of development," Greek embryon "a young one,

Question 530

the quality of being impressive and imposing in appearance or style, especially pretentiously so.

Answer 530

**grandiosity** ## Footnote what are the traits of Narcissistic personality disorder? -grandiosity, ack of emathy **=**pretentiousness, pompousness, self-importance, affectedness, pomposity, bombast

Question 531

a Greek philosopher from Athens, who was the teacher of Plato and whose ideas are known from Plato’s writings.

Answer 531

Socrates (470–399 BC) ## Footnote He is known for encouraging people to think carefully about ideas before accepting them and for developing a method of examining ideas according to a system of questions and answers in order to find out the truth. This is known as the Socratic method or **dialectic**. The Greek authorities disapproved of his ideas and methods, and said he was a bad influence on young people. They forced him to kill himself by drinking hemlock, a powerful poison.

Question 532

protector against impact

Answer 532

buffer ## Footnote to chinese government refuses to North Korean refugee's status because it sees North Korea as a buffer between it own country and the american-backed South Korea so if a North Korean caought in China they get sent right back where they came from

Question 533

if you lay with your cock against the ground, ...

Answer 533

... as a tank goes by, it feels fucking great. quote (Generation kill miniseries. s01e02

Question 534

something you do in order to deceive or fool someone

Answer 534

trick ## Footnote His card trick really surprised us. Pretending he doesn’t remember is an old trick of his. He didn’t really lose his wallet – that’s just a trick. =deception, ploy, ruse, hoax, dodge, swindle, trap, scam (slang)

Question 535

relating to hallucinogenic drugs

Answer 535

psychedelic ## Footnote LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and DMT are known as the classic psychedelics.

Question 536

a person who shoots with a bow and arrows

Answer 536

**archer** ## Footnote This head of an **archer** from the walls of the palace of Persepolis illustrates some of the characteristic features of Achaemenid art. Whereas Greek artists were fascinated by anatomy or the folds of robes across the body, the artists at Persepolis were more concerned with pattern, both in details, as here the curls of the hair and beard, and in general with the overall composition in the postures and dress of the figures.

Question 537

In the religion of ancient Babylon, a primordial goddess of the salt sea, mating with Abzû, the god of fresh water, to produce younger gods. She is the symbol of the chaos of primordial creation

Answer 537

**Tiamat** ## Footnote (Akkadian: 𒀭𒋾𒊩𒆳)

Question 538

eight limbs of yoga

Answer 538

**Yamas** **Niyamas** **Asana** **Pranayama** **Pratyahara** **Dharana** **Dhyana** **Samadhi**

Question 539

a powerful and influential Zoroastrian priest during the reigns of four Sasanian kings in the 3rd-century.

Answer 539

Kartir ## Footnote The Christians in particular were a politically suspect group after the conversion of the ruler of Persia's greatest enemy, Constantine, to Christianity. Manicheism, a syncretistic cult, seemed to offer a possible solution to the problem, but largely as a result of the efforts of **Kartir**, a particularly vigorous defender of the Zoroastrian faith and a great power behind the throne, Zoroastrianism was confirmed as the state religion.((Persian Mythology By JOHN R HINNELLS))

Question 540

involving many difficulties and a lot of change and often violence

Answer 540

**tumultuous** /tuːˈmʌltʃuəs/ ## Footnote to understand Cuba today, you have to understand its **tumultuous** past. =unrestrained, unbridled, riotous, boisterous, rowdy, wild, joyous, festive, noisy

Question 541

eating disorder: an eating disorder, marked by an extreme fear of becoming overweight, that leads to excessive dieting to the point of serious ill-health and sometimes death

Answer 541

**anorexia nervosa​** ## Footnote Self-Destructive Behavior Patterns: Internet addiction Overeating Social isolation Gambling Obvious lying Not exercising Self-sacrificing gift giving Overworking Suicidal gestures **Anorexia/bulimia** [\< modern Latin, "nervous anorexia"]

Question 542

slow sth/sb's progress

Answer 542

**bog down** * He was worried the German forces would become **bogged down**, as in WWI. * **got bogged down** in unimportant details * The Muslim prisoners that Bashar AL Asad released and sent over the boarder are the major reason that American and Britain **get bogged down** in Iraq.(The dangerous dynasty-House of Assad. S01E01)

Question 543

an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. He previously served as the second vice president of the United States from 1797 to 1801.

Answer 543

Thomas Jeferson

Question 544

all the different aspects that you have to consider in a situation

Answer 544

**equation** /ɪˈkweɪʒ(ə)n/ ## Footnote The basic **"caloric balance equation"** means that overweight and obesity results from an energy imbalance—eating too many calories and not getting enough physical activity.

Question 545

to make something, especially somebody’s confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective

Answer 545

**undermine** ## Footnote The theory of evolution threatens all these old ideas. It **undermines** the central claims of many religions. It seems to leave no room for God, or the soul, or life after death. Humans, it tells us, are just another kind of animal. The American philosopher, Daniel Dennett (b. 1942), has described the theory of evolution as a kind of “universal acid”. =weaken, dent, chip away at, challenge, destabilize, demoralize, undercut, damage, emasculate (formal) antonym: bolster

Question 546

the crime of murder

Answer 546

homicide (also the police department that deals with murders) * Independent autopsy finds George Floyd's death a homicide due to 'asphyxiation from sustained pressure' =killing, murder, slaughter, shooting, stabbing, manslaughter, assassination

Question 547

a natural or chemical substance added to soil in order to help plants grow

Answer 547

**fertilizer** ## Footnote A commitment to organic agriculture also supports environmental health on all levels by avoiding the use of pesticides, herbicides, and **chemical fertilizers**.

Question 548

give (someone or oneself) a different appearance in order to conceal one's identity.

Answer 548

Disguise ## Footnote Former CIA Operative Explains How Spies Use Disguises | WIRED

Question 549

causing a lot of disagreement, because many people have strong opinions about the subject being discussed

Answer 549

controversial ## Footnote over the last decade, milk has become a bit controversial =contentious, provocative, debated, debatable, divisive, hot, notorious, scandalous, heated, polemic

Question 550

a very strong poison, Chemical formula: CN−

Answer 550

cyanide ## Footnote Himmler’s megalomania, which included a plan to surrender to the Western Allies late in the war in order to pursue the fight against Russia unimpeded, caused Hitler to strip him of all his offices and order his arrest. Himmler attempted to slip out of Germany disguised as a soldier, but was caught by the British. He swallowed a cyanide capsule a day later.

Question 551

according to the Bible, one of the ten rules of behaviour called the ....... that God gave people to obey

Answer 551

**Ten Commandments** ## Footnote There is also often an ethical element, with rules of conduct and taboos, and a social element that defines the institutions of the religion and of the society it is associated with. Such rules are typically concise— the **Ten Commandments** of Judaism and Christianity, or the Noble Eightfold Path of Buddhism, for example.

Question 552

to reach a state where there are no longer any major changes or problems

Answer 552

**stabilize** ## Footnote When agriculture was developed over 10,000 years ago, diets became relatively **stabilized**, and seasonal crops became available. The Agricultural Revolution changed dietary and lifestyle patterns significantly.

Question 553

​the act or process of earning money from something, especially a business or an asset (= something that a business owns)

Answer 553

monetization ## Footnote How much of Facebook's revenue comes directly from **monetization** of users' personal data? (the Great Hack) / The **monetization** of the website is expected to increase the company’s profits.

Question 554

A person with a soft round build of body and a high proportion of fat tissue.

Answer 554

endomorph Big, high body fat, often pear-shaped, with a high tendency to store body fat (GK-- endo- internal and -MORPH shape) ectomorph: Lean and long, with difficulty building muscle. mesomorph: Muscular and well-built, with a high metabolism and responsive muscle cells.

Question 555

having a very strong feeling of love or attraction for somebody/something so that you cannot think clearly and in a sensible way

Answer 555

**infatuated** ## Footnote She was completely **infatuated** with him. He’s behaving like an **infatuated** teenager. =in love, lovesick, obsessed, besotted, crazy (informal), smitten (humorous or literary), captivated, enamored, enchanted, enraptured (formal) antonym: disenchanted

Question 556

Believing you understand your motivations and desires, your likes and dislikes, is called (..........) .

Answer 556

the Introspection Illusion ## Footnote You believe you know yourself, and why you are the way you are. You believe this knowledge tells you how you will act in all future situations. Research shows otherwise.

Question 557

subjects taught or elements of subject: the subjects taught at an educational institution, or the topics taught within a subject

Answer 557

**curriculum** And yet, in August 1999, one hundred and forty years after Darwin published The Origin of Species, the Kansas State Education Board removed the topic of evolution from the official **curriculum**. =course, prospectus, program, syllabus, core curriculum, national curriculum

Question 558

## Footnote disagreement with authority or with prevailing opinion

Answer 558

dissidence ## Footnote He was former guard of a prison camp for political dissidence, he fled North Korea and now runs an aid organization

Question 559

BDSM stands for

Answer 559

**B**ondage **D**iscipline **S**ado- **M**asochism

Question 560

always, or almost always

Answer 560

**invariably** ## Footnote Dolores was invariably late./ The religions of the modern world continued to evolve with advances in society, sometimes reluctantly, and often by dividing into branches. Some apparently new religions began to appear, especially in the 19th and 20th centuries, but these **invariably** bore the traces of the faiths that had come before.

Question 561

the establishment of a good relationship between two countries or groups of people, after a period of unfriendly relations

Answer 561

**rapprochement** ## Footnote I hope for a **rapprochement** between our two countries. **=**reconciliation, reunion, understanding, settlement, compromise, coming together, agreement, accord, entente, conciliation antonym: hostility

Question 562

It takes around ....... cells to build a human body. There are 200 different types of these microscopic living units, each of which is highly complex. Similar cells join together to make a tissue, two or more tissues form an organ, and linked organs create a system. The body has.... systems.

Answer 562

100 trillion 12

Question 563

unfair or cruel use of power or authority

Answer 563

**tyranny** ## Footnote When Mussolini, Hitler and Stalin first came to power in the 1930s, their regimes were considered by many to represent a new and perplexing phenomenon. They were labelled ‘totalitarian’. But is ‘totalitarianism’ genuinely new, or is the word just another name for something old and familiar, namely **tyranny**? from Greek turannos (monarch, ruler of a polis"; tyrannos in its turn has a Pre-Greek origin, perhaps from Lydian.)

Question 564

(in a female mammal) either of a pair of tubes along which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus.

Answer 564

fallopian tube

Question 565

its root a term that was used as a self-designation by Indo-Iranian people. The term was used by the Indic people of the Vedic period in India as an ethnic label for themselves and to refer to the noble class as well as the geographic region known as Āryāvarta, where Indo-Aryan culture is based.

Answer 565

Aryan ## Footnote The word "**Aryan**" originally meant "noble". Nazism has given the word racial connotations in the 20th century. The early Aryans were a nomadic people. They brought to India the horse and the chariot, as well as the sacrificial altar. (The **Aryan** race is a racial grouping that emerged in the period of the late 19th century and mid-20th century to describe people of Indo-European heritage.)

Question 566

the state of being respected or admired; prestige

Answer 566

**cachet** ## Footnote Honey has the greatest cachet in the marketplace of all food items

Question 567

in Veda, the god of rain and thunder;

Answer 567

**Indra** ## Footnote The oldest literature attributed to the Aryans, known as the Vedas, furnishes a relatively clear picture of their Gods, associated largely with different aspects of nature. Chief among them were Indra, the god of rain and thunder; Surya, the sun god; Varuna, the god of wind; and Agni, the fire god.// King of the Gods God of Lightning, Thunder, Rains and River flows King of Heaven

Question 568

an ancient symbol in the form of an equal-armed cross with each arm continued at a right angle, used (in clockwise form) as the emblem of the German Nazi party.

Answer 568

swastika ## Footnote The swastika or sauwastika — as a character, 卐 or 卍 respectively — is a geometrical figure and an ancient religious icon in the cultures of Eurasia. It is used as a symbol of divinity and spirituality in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.

Question 569

to include a wide range of ideas, subjects, etc

Answer 569

encompass Encompassing spiritual, personal, and social elements, religion is ubiquitous, appearing in every culture from prehistory to the modern day.

Question 570

a faithful supporter of a political leader or a criminal, who is willing to do illegal things or use violence

Answer 570

henchman ## Footnote this is the story of Hitler's henchman, the jealousy, power struggle and fawing sycophants that will create a monster and fuel the most horrors of the Third Reich

Question 571

a feeling of great anger and shock

Answer 571

outrage ## Footnote If you had an idea that was going to **outrage** society, would you keep it to yourself? (Charles Darwin) =indignation, anger, rage, fury, ire (literary), annoyance, wrath

Question 572

to enter or penetrate slowly

Answer 572

Seep ## Footnote Fear of nuclear war had seeped into the national consciousness — Tip O'Neill (sip: to drink something slowly)

Question 573

a **sudden attack** of an **illness** or condition, especially of the kind experienced by people with **epilepsy** ## Footnote **تشنج**

Answer 573

**seizures** ## Footnote to have/suffer an epileptic seizure

Question 574

Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521.

Answer 574

Aztecs ## Footnote In the 14th and 15th centuries, the **Aztecs** who dominated Mexico believed the god **uitzilopochtli** would make the Sun rise and bring them success in battle, if offered daily blood, limbs, and hearts torn from living human sacrifices. From these grisly rituals, the Aztecs learned about the inner organs of the body. from Nahuatl **aztecatl** , meaning "coming from **Aztlan**," name of their legendary place of origin PIC: The Aztec Empire in 1519

Question 575

an underlying tendency or force that runs in the opposite direction to the apparent one

Answer 575

**undertow** ## Footnote **The undertow** is my term for the mysterious force that sabotages our best efforts when we’re just on the edge of victory.(rewire by Richard O'Connor)

Question 576

one of the two main types of long-term human memory. this type of memory is the conscious, intentional recollection of factual information, previous experiences, and concepts.

Answer 576

Explicit memory ## Footnote one of the two main types of long-term human memory. The other main type is implicit memory. Explicit memory is the conscious, intentional recollection of factual information, previous experiences, and concepts.

Question 577

to replace or balance the effect of something bad

Answer 577

**compensate** /ˈkɒmpənseɪt/ ## Footnote Combined with nutrient depletion, foods low in nutrients further stress the body, which is already trying to **compensate** for the malnourishment it is experiencing.

Question 578

good or impressive in a surprising way

Answer 578

wondrous ## Footnote Vancouver is a wondrous city =wonderful, astounding, incredible, astonishing, marvelous, extraordinary, miraculous, phenomenal, amazing antonym: mediocre

Question 579

a substance used for cleaning injured skin and preventing infections

Answer 579

**antiseptic** /ˌæntiˈseptɪk/ ## Footnote Naturopaths believe breathing clean air is essential to health because clean air brings oxygen to the blood and makes the tissues function more efficiently. Air is also believed to have antiseptic properties. But breathing clean air is not enough. How you breathe is also considered vitally important. ضد عفونی / پادگند

Question 580

a legendary creature with the body, tail, and back legs of a lion; the head and wings of an eagle

Answer 580

**griffin** شیردال یا گریفین یا چمروش (در پارسی میانه: بَشکوچ bottom A **griffin's** head from one of the columns at Persepolis. A number of motifs at Persepolis appear to have been taken from Babylonian art. It may be that some of the underlying ideology associated with royalty and cosmic powers was also incorporated into Persian traditions.

Question 581

a thick, almost solid mass that is formed when blood dries or becomes thicker

Answer 581

**clot** (also blood clot) ## Footnote Stroke is typically the result of a **blood clot** preventing blood from reaching the brain.

Question 582

to walk without hurrying, often for pleasure

Answer 582

**stroll** ## Footnote I was **strolling** along the river when I saw an incredible thing.

Question 583

order something officially

Answer 583

**mandate** Biden clarifies he can't **mandate** mask-wearing everywhere but would enforce it on federal property. **=**order, command, directive, decree, dictate, instruction, fiat, obligation

Question 584

making people angry or excited / sexually arousing

Answer 584

**provocative** ## Footnote - when I was in high school, the first time I did anything **provocative** with my girlfirend was in the back of my dad's car. - How **provocative** are we talking? - There was no clothes on. =challenging, provoking, stimulating, confrontational, inflammatory, offensive, incendiary, insulting, rabble-rousing (disapproving), aggressive, annoying, aggravating (informal), vexing antonym: conciliatory

Question 585

profoundly immoral or wrong

Answer 585

evil ## Footnote Hitler's circle of evil empire of evil

Question 586

a form of silent mantra meditation, developed by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. The meditation practice involves the use of a mantra and is practiced for 20 minutes twice per day while sitting with one's eyes closed.

Answer 586

Transcendental Meditation ## Footnote The idea here is to repeat a mantra, a word or sound, until you transcend thoughts entirely.

Question 587

(of a person) easily made to feel sick, faint, or disgusted, especially by unpleasant images, such as the sight of blood.

Answer 587

Squeamish ## Footnote You are not a squeamish guy, you have been to Afghanistan, You have been to Congo

Question 588

When diet is wrong,.... An Ayurvedic proverb

Answer 588

... medicine is of no use; when diet is correct, medicine is of no need. A fundamental Ayurvedic philosophy is that “food is medicine and medicine is food” An Ayurvedic proverb is “When diet is wrong, medicine is of no use; when diet is correct, medicine is of no need.

Question 589

someone who people believe will solve all their problems

Answer 589

messiah

Question 590

someone who lived in a cave in prehistoric times

Answer 590

troglodyte =cave dweller, caveman, cavewoman from Greek, from trogle “hole, cave” + dyein “to enter”

Question 591

​the reduction of something by a large amount so that there is not enough left

Answer 591

**depletion** ## Footnote The greatest ozone **depletion** occurred near the poles. the **depletion** of fish stocks =reduction, exhaustion, diminution, lessening, running down, weakening antonym: restoration

Question 592

to shock or surprise someone so that they do something to solve a problem, improve a situation

Answer 592

galvanise ## Footnote Hermann Goring galvanises his his men to prepare for a last death-or-glory battle

Question 593

a round hole in the ground made by something that has fallen on it or by an explosion/ meteorite impact area

Answer 593

**crater** ## Footnote craters on the Moon’s surface **=**pit, depression, hole, cavity, hollow antonym: mound

Question 595

a thick strong string-like part of your body that connects a muscle to a bone

Answer 595

Tendon ## Footnote Tendon attaches a muscle to bone

Question 596

The first known Greek philosopher who claims that everything in the Universe is made from water.

Answer 596

**Thales of Miletus**

Question 597

a system of medical treatment that treats illnesses by natural methods such as exercise and controlling the food you eat. It is a form of complementary medicine.

Answer 597

**Naturopathy** ## Footnote proper diet, pure water, fresh air, sunlight, exercise, and rest. The emphasis has not been on finding a disease and killing it, but rather on helping the body establish its own state of good health. This is the art of **Naturopathy**. **Naturopathy** literally means "natural treatment," and today its practitioners are generally trained at specialty colleges and are trained in skills that include acupuncture, herbalism, homeopathy, osteopathy, hydrotherapy, massage, nutrition, and diet.

Question 598

openly accuse someone or apportion blame.

Answer 598

point the finger ## Footnote as waistline expand, alarm bells start ringing among nutritionists and doctors and they point the fingers at fast food loaded with sugar, fat and salt.

Question 599

To place, insert, or load someone or something inside of something else

Answer 599

slip in ## Footnote " Go up to their mailbox and slip in this letter." I am going to start with some true storeis, before I slip in the false memory.

Question 600

one of the two holes at the end of your nose, through which you breathe and smell things

Answer 600

nostril ## Footnote Egyptian embalming: Brain, regarded as useless, was hooked out through the nostrils and discarded

Question 601

a feeling of shame and great embarrassment, because you have been made to look stupid or weak

Answer 601

humiliation ## Footnote If you were German in 1919, your piece was humiliation and suffering disgrace, shame, mortification, embarrassment, dishonor, degradation antonym: dignity

Question 602

subject to erratic behavior or unpredictable change

Answer 602

whimsical ## Footnote He has a wonderful whimsical sense of humour.

Answer 603

**jaundice**

Question 604

seeming to be everywhere – sometimes used humorously.

Answer 604

ubiquitous Encompassing spiritual, personal, and social elements, this phenomenon is however, ubiquitous, appearing in every culture from prehistory to the modern day. Latin ubique “everywhere”, from ubi “where”

Question 605

to help someone to improve their situation

Answer 605

give sb a leg up ## Footnote I wouldn't have been able to afford college if I hadn't been given a leg up from my parents.

Question 606

Hitler's private secretary

Answer 606

Martin Bormann (1900 – 1945) ## Footnote Martin Ludwig Bormann was a German Nazi Party official and head of the Nazi Party Chancellery. He gained immense power by using his position as Adolf Hitler's private secretary to control the flow of information and access to Hitler.

Question 607

Chess piece: a chess piece that can be moved diagonally across the board over any number of squares of the same color

Answer 607

bishop

Question 608

able to express your ideas and opinions well, especially in a way that influences people

Answer 608

eloquent ## Footnote an eloquent preacher/Art teacher =expressive expressive, fluent, articulate, persuasive, stirring, powerful, moving antonym: inarticulate

Question 609

a strong negative reaction by a number of people against recent events, especially against political or social developments

Answer 609

backlash ## Footnote backlash against The 1970s saw the first backlash against the women’s movement.

Question 610

possible source of danger

Answer 610

menace what happened in the evoluton of Nazi ideology and Hitler's own ideology, is this merging of Bolshovism and :The Jew" together as a combined menace. =threat, danger, hazard, peril, risk, jeopardy antonym: reassurance

Question 611

first United States manned space program, conducted from 1961 to 1963

Answer 611

**Project Mercury** ## Footnote During the program's two-year span, six astronauts were launched into space and safely returned to Earth. The program employed more than 2 million people from government agencies and the aerospace industry. "Microsoft ® Encarta"

Question 612

Some believe that people are forced to overfeed themselves in order to get a little nourishment because foods are not as nutritionally complete as they were a hundred or more years ago. Many consider this ".... ....." to be one of today's leading nutritional problems.

Answer 612

**"overconsumptive undernutrition"**

Question 613

hope that someone or something will be successful. / idioms

Answer 613

cross one's fingers We cross our fingers for NASA next lauch

Question 614

1) offensive and unacceptable 2) very unusual and intended to shock people slightly

Answer 614

**outrageous** ## Footnote outrageous behaviour outrageous clothes =disgraceful, shameful, shocking, offensive, contemptible, despicable, extreme antonym: commendable

Question 615

question (someone, typically a soldier or spy) about a completed mission or undertaking.

Answer 615

debrief ## Footnote Ana Montes completely debriefed by FBI. she was debriefed about seven months, 3 times a week, 5 or 6 hours a day /

Question 616

a very large city, typically with a population of more than 10 million people.

Answer 616

megacity ## Footnote according to the chinese government, nearly %16 of the population live in china's 15 megacities. there are only 47 such cities in the world

Question 617

causing a lot of damage, or making a lot of people suffer

Answer 617

**catastrophic** /ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk/ ## Footnote Two-thirds of adults and one-third of children in the United States are overweight or obese. Left unchecked, the effects of this crisis on the nation's health, health care costs, and productivity could be **catastrophic**.

Question 618

the number of people affected by a particular disease

Answer 618

**morbidity** /ˌmɔː(r)ˈbɪdətiː/ ## Footnote when fat is consumed in larger amounts than what is needed for optimal health, it can greatly affect morbidity, mortality, and quality of life.

Question 619

our common ancestor of human and chimps

Answer 619

chlca (Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor)

Question 620

begin behaving in a strange, abnormal, or wildly uncontrolled way.

Answer 620

go off the rails ## Footnote Discovering that Abu Ahmed will attend his brother's wedding, Doron joins his old team for a covert strike, but the plan quickly goes off the rails.(Fauda E01S01)

Question 621

showing that you do not respect someone or sth at all

Answer 621

contemptuous /kənˈtemptjʊəs/

Question 622

Get rid of (something unwanted), Send (someone) away from a country or place as an official punishment.

Answer 622

banish Banish the thought that yoga is too esoteric to understand, too mystical, or on the fringe.

Question 623

is a relative ranking of carbohydrate in foods according to how they affect blood glucose levels.

Answer 623

glycemic index (GI) ## Footnote Several studies have associated a long-term, high-GI diet with an increased risk for developing type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers (including gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and endometrial cancers)

Question 624

**intense dislike** of somebody or something

Answer 624

**loathing** The members of Kansas State Education Board clearly disliked the theory of evolution. They are not alone. Ever since Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913) proposed the theory at a meeting of the Linnaean Society in 1858, it has inspired much fear and **loathing**, and many attempts have been made to suppress it. =hate, hatred, dislike, antipathy, repugnance, detestation, abhorrence, disgust, aversion (formal), revulsion, animus, animosity, hostility antonym: love

Question 625

Skull Shining Breath

Answer 625

**Kapalabhati** ## Footnote the Bihar school refer to the breathing practice of Kapalabhati as "frontal brain purification" due to the rejuvenating effects of it has on this area of the brain. kapal meaning 'skull', and bhati meaning 'shining, illuminating'.

Question 626

to prove that a statement or idea is not correct

Answer 626

**refute** ## Footnote For some lineages of organism, fossils abound (be plentiful) and we can arrange a continuous series of fossil skeletons to show how they evolved step by step. For other lineages, however, the series of fossils is not so continuous. Creationists think that this is enough to **refute** the theory of Evolution

Question 627

the Sanskrit word for "goddess"

Answer 627

**devi** ## Footnote Hinduism is generally viewed as having originated with the Aryans, but it is far more accurately described as an amalgam of pre-Aryan and Aryan elements. For instance, image-worship, which predominates in popular Hinduism, finds almost no mention in the Vedas. Shiva, the all-important god besides Vishnu, is almost certainly a non-Aryan god (absent in the Vedas) who eventually made his way into the Hindu pantheon. The innumerable mother goddesses (**devis**) who spangle Hinduism are also non-Aryan.

Question 628

something that is used as a model for another thing

Answer 628

template ## Footnote Religion met many of the needs of early people and provided templates by which they could organize their lives—through rites, rituals, and taboos.

Question 629

​careful and complete examination and inspection

Answer 629

**scrutiny** ## Footnote The entire Tech industry is **under** a new level of **scrutiny**. =examination, inspection, study, analysis, search, inquiry

Question 630

a rare black arboreal chimpanzee. Native to: West Africa, south of the Congo River. Latin name: Pan paniscus

Answer 630

Bonobo (Pygmy Chimpanzee) ## Footnote species of chimpanzee found only in a small region of thick jungle in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in central Africa. First identified in 1929, bonobos differ from their hot-tempered chimpanzee cousins in that they are less aggressive, more amicable, and enjoy a notably peaceful way of life.

Question 631

the first of the Nazi concentration camps opened in 1933, which was initially intended to hold political prisoners.

Answer 631

Dachau concentration camp ## Footnote located northwest of Munich, its opening by Heinrich Himmler,

Question 632

abdomen

Answer 632

**abdomen** ## Footnote The correct way to breathe effectively is using the diaphragm, a muscle separating the chest from the abdomen.

Question 633

resulting from strong feelings rather than careful thought

Answer 633

**visceral** ## Footnote We've seen a strong **visceral** reaction to the flag-burning issue. **visceral** fear/ =instinctual, intuitive, instinctive, primitive, animal, primeval, gut antonym: reasoned

Question 634

rescuer: somebody who rescues somebody or something from harm or danger

Answer 634

saviour ## Footnote out of the ashes of World War one, Germany is crying out for a saviour

Question 635

military operation of World War II (1939-1945) that lasted from June to December 1941 in a bid by Nazi Germany’s forces to conquer the European territory of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

Answer 635

Operation Barbarossa

Question 636

to be very closely related to something

Answer 636

be tied up (with sth) ## Footnote Early humans made sculptures and cave paintings of human figures. As civilizations grew, people began to study the world around them and their own bodies more closely, but care for the sick and injured **was tied up with** myths, superstition, and a belief that gods or demons sent illnesses. = be linked to

Question 637

whose diet is similar to the lacto-vegetarian with the exclusion of dairy, honey, and any use of other animal products (such as leather).

Answer 637

**Vegan** ## Footnote (or total vegetarian)

Question 638

an inverted asana in modern yoga; it was described as both an asana and a mudra in classical hatha yoga.

Answer 638

**Sirsasana** ## Footnote also **(**Salamba Shirshasana) or ( Yoga Headstand) The name Salamba Śīrṣāsana comes from the Sanskrit words षलम्ब Salamba meaning "supported", शीर्ष, Śīrṣa meaning "head",[2]and आसन, Āsana meaning "posture" or "seat".

Question 639

to do something difficult in a brave and determined way / idioms

Answer 639

**grab (take) the bull by the horns** ## Footnote Why don't you take the bull by the horns and tell him to leave?

Question 640

skilled at controlling people and situations/ done in a very skilful and clever way

Answer 640

**masterful**

Question 641

a substance that has a pleasant smell when you burn it

Answer 641

incense ## Footnote a church filled with the smell of incense lighted incense sticks

Question 642

a diagonal line is straight and joins two opposite corners of a flat shape, usually a square

Answer 642

diagonal ## Footnote bishop (chess game) just can move diagonal

Question 643

Having been reborn in another body

Answer 643

**reincarnated** ## Footnote Most religions address the central human concern of death with the promise of some kind of ontinued existence, or afterlife. In eastern traditions, such as Hinduism, the soul is believed to be **reincarnated** after death in a new physical form, while other faiths hold that the soul is judged after death and resides in a nonphysical heaven or hell.

Question 644

around **2,800 years ago**, people started to change how they thought about their world. Instead of looking for answers in **stories of gods and heroes** they looked for explanations using their **ability to reason**. Some scholars have called this important period the...

Answer 644

**Axial Age** ## Footnote (also **Axis Age**, from German: **Achsenzeit**) is a term coined by German philosopher **Karl Jaspers** in the sense of a "**pivotal age**", characterizing the period of ancient history from about the **8th to the 3rd century BCE.**

Question 645

a raised figure or symbol that shows how many times a quantity must be multiplied by itself, for example the figure 4 in a4

Answer 645

**exponent**

Question 646

to dislike somebody/something very much

Answer 646

**loathe** ## Footnote I loathe modern art. They loathe each other. **=**hate, dislike, detest, can't stand, can't bear, despise, abhor (formal), abominate (formal), scorn, disdain antonym: adore

Question 647

The tongue recognizes .....tastes, and the nasal fossas contain cells that have more than 200 million filaments, called cilia, which are capable of detecting thousands of odors.

Answer 647

-four (sweet, salty, sour, and bitter)

Question 648

to make something less painful, severe, or serious

Answer 648

**alleviate**/əˈliːvieɪt/ ## Footnote Another food compound, omega-3 fatty acids (a fatty acid found in oily sea fish) can **alleviate** or prevent high blood pressure, rheumatoid arthritis, clogged arteries, and heart attacks.

Question 649

the study of the architecture of the brain and how that architecture relates to how we exprience the world, specifically our thoughts and the resulting behaviour.

Answer 649

neuropsychology ## Footnote Neuropsychology has successfully mapped certain processes onto specific brain areas. From facial recognition to empathy, neuropsychology can now place specific processes and brain functions precisely at specific locations on the neural landscape.

Question 650

the fact of stoping external breathing

Answer 650

**apnea** ## Footnote (or **apnoea** )Poor sleep quality may lead to weight gain over time. Sleep **apnea** may lead to daytime sleepiness and make it much harder for an individual to begin or sustain an exercise program.

Question 651

one of the two main types of long-term human memory. It is acquired and used unconsciously, and can affect thoughts and behaviours. One of its most common forms is procedural memory, which helps people performing certain tasks without conscious awareness of these previous experiences.

Answer 651

implicit memory ## Footnote habits that don't require consious thought, like how to ride a bike

Question 652

DNA stands for:

Answer 652

deoxyribonucleic acid ## Footnote "de- (expressing reduction)", "oxy: representing oxygen", ribose: "a kind of sugar produced by the body", nucleus: "inner part" Acid: acere: "sour taste".

Question 653

relating to or associated with eating or the sense of taste

Answer 653

gustatory /ˈgə-stə-ˌtȯr-ē ## Footnote The first three years of a child are crucial. When neurons receive visual, auditory, or gustatory stimuli, they send messages that generate new physical connections with neighboring cells. Latin gustatus "sense of taste; a taste"

Question 654

the length of time that someone is likely to live

Answer 654

**Life expectancy** ## Footnote As a nation, we're getting more obese every day, many of our children are obese, and our life expectancies are much shorter because of it, despite trying many types of diets, eating less, and moving more.

Question 655

to eat something quickly and often noisily

Answer 655

**gobble** also "gobble down" or "gobble up" Have you ever been frustrated, angry, or bored, and just grabbed whatever was in your kitchen cupboard or workplace snack room and **gobbled** it **up**?

Question 656

a medical condition in which your bones become more likely to break. It often affects older people, especially women.

Answer 656

**Osteoporosis** /ˌɒstiəʊpəˈrəʊsɪs/ ## Footnote yogurt is rich in calcium to strengthen bones and reduce the risk of **osteoporosis**.

Question 657

a Cuban revolutionary and politician who served as Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and President from 1976 to 2008.

Answer 657

**Fidel Castro** (1926-2016) Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist and Cuban nationalist, he also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1961 until 2011.

Question 658

the first major known monotheistic religion

Answer 658

Zoroastrianism

Question 659

one of the most important holy books of the Hindu religion,

Answer 659

**Bhagavad-Gita** ## Footnote Sanskrit: भगवद्गीता, lit. "The Song of God") often referred to as the Gita, is a 700-verse Sanskrit scripture that is part of the Hindu epic Mahabharata (chapters 23–40 of Bhishma Parva). بهاگاواد گیتا

Question 660

a technique that helps you gain control over your eating habits.

Answer 660

**MINDFUL EATING** ## Footnote Mindful eating is one way to slow down. It is about being aware of what is on one's mind when one is eating

Question 661

completely without something

Answer 661

**devoid (**of something **)** ## Footnote All of our soils that are under chemical conventional agriculture are almost completely **devoid of** microorganisms. =empty, barren, without, bereft, lacking, wanting antonym: full

Question 662

Every cell has a control center, called ..., which contains ....chromosomes. These long threads contain coded instructions, called genes, which are needed for building our cells, tissues, organs, and systems.

Answer 662

nucleus 46

Question 663

a serious mental illness that can change your character and make you unable to behave in a normal way

Answer 663

psychosis ## Footnote Marijuana has been engineered to become much more potent. Today, marijuana is so potent, that is actually is a strong drug that may cause **psychosis**. It is described as a **psychosis**, which is characterised by a distortion in the person's perception of reality.

Question 664

This was the Nazis’ secret police force.

Answer 664

Gestapo ## Footnote The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various security police agencies of Prussia into one organisation. Its job was to monitor the German population for signs of opposition or resistance to Nazi rule. It was greatly helped by ordinary German people informing on their fellow citizens.

Question 665

(of plants or hair) growing thickly and strongly in a way that is attractive

Answer 665

**luxuriant** ## Footnote Persia is a land of great contrasts: a land of deserts and jungle, of snowy mountains and **luxuriant** valleys; a place where apples and date palms grow within miles of each other; a land of oil wells and nomads. =lush, flourishing, thriving, fertile, rich, dense, verdant antonym: sparse

Question 666

to be similar to someone or something, especially in appearance

Answer 666

**resemble**/rɪˈzembəl/ ## Footnote As we briefly discuss these principles, you should begin to see how the body resembles a complex machine.

Question 667

to spend the whole day, instead of just part of it, doing something enjoyable

Answer 667

**make a day of it** ## Footnote Why don’t we **make a day of it** and stop for lunch on the way?

Question 668

relating to the stomach and the intestines

Answer 668

**gastrointestinal system**

Question 669

To step on some slippery thing or some substance and lose one's balance as a result.

Answer 669

slip on ## Footnote I walked into a restroom at my office building, but i slipped on an oily substance, and hit the back of my head and that give me **retrograde amnesia** which means everything autobiographical and historical in my life were completely erased. just like you hit a delet button on a computer.

Question 670

the point in your eye where the nerve enters, which is not sensitive to light

Answer 670

blind spot

Question 671

Italian-born Spanish navigator who sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean in search of a route to Asia but achieved fame by making landfall in the Americas instead.

Answer 671

**Christopher Columbus** (1451-1506) ## Footnote **Columbus** was not the first European to reach the Americas—Vikings from Scandinavia had briefly settled on the North American coast, in what is now Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, in the late 10th or early 11th century. However, Columbus’s explorations had a profound impact on the world. They led directly to the opening of the western hemisphere to European colonization; to large-scale exchanges of plants, animals, cultures, and ideas between the two worlds; and, on a darker note, to the deaths of millions of indigenous American peoples from war, forced labor, and disease. (Encarta 2009)

Question 672

the angel of death in the Jewish and Islamic religions.

Answer 672

**Azrael** ## Footnote He watches over the dying, separates the soul from the body, and receives the spirits of the dead. The name Azrael is an adaptation of a Hebrew form meaning 'God has helped.'

Question 673

Hindu cycle of death and rebirth

Answer 673

Samsara ## Footnote inspired by the cycles of renewal in the natural enviroment, people had to come to believe we were part of endless cycle of Birth, death and rebirth known as samsara

Question 674

to step heavily on somebody/something so that you damage or harm them/it with your feet

Answer 674

**trample**

Question 675

a simple story with a moral or religious purpose, especially one told by Jesus Christ

Answer 675

**parable** /ˈpærəb(ə)l/ ## Footnote Another aspect of most religions is the mythology, or narrative, that accompanies it. This can be a simple oral tradition of stories, or a more sophisticated set of scriptures, but often includes a creation story and a history of the gods, saints, or prophets, with **parables** that illustrate and reinforce the beliefs of the religion.

Question 676

a move in the game of chess involving a player's king and either of the player's original rooks.

Answer 676

Castling ## Footnote Castling is a special move to protect your king and activate your rook. It's the only time in chess you can move two pieces in one move. The king moves two squares to the right or left and the rook moves directly to the other side of the king. You can only castle if neither the rook or king have moved and there are no pieces in the way. You can also not castle when in check, into check or through check. حرکت قلعه

Question 677

Answer 677

**Decline sit-up bench**

Question 678

to understand something that is complicated or difficult

Answer 678

**comprehend** ## Footnote Henry could not comprehend the message. =understand, know, realize, grasp, get (informal), figure out, have a handle on, follow, twig (UK, informal)

Question 679

taking account of or including small but important differences

Answer 679

nuanced /ˈnjuːˌɒnst/ ## Footnote You are ultimately in control of your destiny. Sure. But also, it’s important to understand the context of your past. This will make you a more nuanced, empathetic, and therefore interesting human being.

Question 680

to laugh at somebody/something in an unkind way, especially by copying what they say or do

Answer 680

**mock** ## Footnote "Do you mock me on the Bible?" Capitan FitzRoy asked Charles Darwin. =ridicule, tease, make fun of, laugh at, poke fun at, scorn, scoff at, deride, taunt, jeer at, burlesque, lampoon, send up (informal) antonym: praise

Question 681

is a concept in Hinduism that says the universe is where the gods play.

Answer 681

**Lila** ## Footnote or **Leela** Clara believes that much of the spiritual practice is about ‘**Lila**', *_cosmic play_*. It is believed that the universe was created from Lila. When we play, we open ourselves to what is happening presently without focusing on the outcome. It is less about the goal and more about the evolution. (Sanskrit: लीला,

Question 682

one of the three main gods in the Hindu religion. He is seen as both ‘the Destroyer’ and ‘the Creator’ of the universe

Answer 682

Shiva (Siva) Sanskrit: शिव also known as Mahadeva ( lit. the greatest god) Brahma: the god of creation Vishnu: ‘the Preserver’ and is known for his many avatars chief gods of the trinity Brahma-Vishnu-Siva in post-Vedic Hindu religion

Question 683

willing to take risks or to do something that shocks people

Answer 683

**audacious** ## Footnote George Orwel once wrote: "No one ever seize power with the intention of relinquishing it." Human history suggests that this is certainly true. but some people have been much more successful seizing control others. and their **audacius** power grabs have shaped the modern world. (How to stage a coup" documentary) =bold, daring, or fearless

Question 684

never, whatever the situation is or might be.

Answer 684

**under (or in) no circumstances**

Question 685

a small hole or space in something / the small hole at the front of a camera, which can be made larger or smaller to let more or less light in when you take a photograph

Answer 685

aperture /ˈapərˌCHə ## Footnote Modern cameras are designed on the same basic principles as our eye, but they have never been able to equal the visual power of the eye. The focus and the automatic aperture of the human eye are perfect.

Question 686

one of the three main gods in the Hindu religion. He is ‘the Preserver’ and is known for his many avatars (=different forms in which a god can actually be seen), the most important of which is Krishna.

Answer 686

vishnu Sanskrit: विष्णु, Brahma: the god of creation Shiva: both ‘the Destroyer’ and ‘the Creator’ of the universe

Question 688

capable of being domesticated

Answer 688

**domesticable** \ -tə̇kəbəl\ ## Footnote In addition to agricultural advantages, the fertile crescent also had an abundance of **domesticable** animals. These animals had to be large enough to be calorically viable for their meat and milk (read: not rats or rabbits), they had to reproduce quickly (not Elephants), and they most importantly could NOT be temperamentally dangerous (tigers, bears, etc.), and preferably are social pack animals (like horses, cows, pigs, goats, and sheep). Of the 14 species in the world that fit this description, 13 are native to the fertile crescent. This abundance of riches was further reason why the cultures that spread out of the fertile crescent have been historically successful at empire building.

Question 689

quote: ego is just...

Answer 689

Ego is just an overdressed insecurity. Quincy Jones music producer

Question 690

a chemical used for killing weeds (=plants that are not wanted)

Answer 690

**herbicide** ## Footnote A commitment to organic agriculture also supports environmental health on all levels by avoiding the use of pesticides, **herbicides**, and chemical fertilizers.

Question 691

used to emphasize that there is only one of something

Answer 691

**solitary** ## Footnote The earth has a **solitary** moon. =lone, sole, individual, single, solo, unaccompanied

Question 692

an Israeli spy. He is best known for his espionage work in 1961–65 in Syria, where he developed close relationships with the Syrian political and military hierarchy, and became the chief adviser to the Minister of Defense.

Answer 692

**Eli Cohen** (1924-1965)

Question 693

a strong metal made from a mixture of iron and carbon

Answer 693

**steel**/stiːl/ ## Footnote Rather than searching for food—they instead began to “play in the dirt” as professor Diamond explains. This led to the mastery of copper, iron, and then **steel**—which led to armor, swords, war machines, modern construction, and technological advancements the likes of which the rest of the world was not accustomed to. These technological advantages, again, were not due to a superior IQ, but rather were caused by the geographic luck which allowed the fertile crescents’ descendants to have more time inventing.

Question 694

any animal that eats meat

Answer 694

**carnivore** ## Footnote herbivores eat plants, Carnivours eat herbivores./ Carnivore, general term for any animal that subsists mainly on the flesh of other animals. =flesh-eater, meat-eater, predator, scavenger, omnivore, insectivore, fish-eater, raptor car·niv·o·rous Latin carnivorus "meat-eating" \< carn- "flesh"]

Question 695

a position in which you turn your body upside down, with your head and hands on the floor and your legs and feet in the air

Answer 695

Question 696

the father of modern yoga

Answer 696

**Tirumalai Krishnamacharya** ## Footnote Born: November 18, 1888 Died: February 28, 1989 (aged 100)

Question 697

to accustom (a young child or animal) to take food otherwise than by nursing

Answer 697

wean ## Footnote Kwashiorkor results from a lack of protein in the diet, usually occurring in young children after weaning.

Question 698

so nervous or upset that you are unable to keep still or think calmly

Answer 698

agitated ## Footnote Franco observed the male patron and recognized that the patron had signs of gambling issues and overheard him state that this place was bad and was **very** upset/**agitated**. =nervous, restless, disturbed, disconcerted, frantic, tense, stressed, distressed, troubled, unquiet, unsettled, anxious, worked up (informal), excited, twitchy antonym: calm

Question 699

(of a place) extremely dirty and unpleasant, especially as a result of poverty or neglect.

Answer 699

squalid ## Footnote "the squalid, overcrowded prison" squalid condition ...

Question 700

feeling slightly sick and unable to balance, because everything seems to be moving

Answer 700

**giddy** ## Footnote **= dizzy**

Question 701

either lateral half of the nasal cavity

Answer 701

nasal fossa ## Footnote The tongue recognizes four tastes (sweet, salty, sour, and bitter), and the nasal fossas contain cells that have more than 200 million filaments, called cilia, which are capable of detecting thousands of odors.

Question 702

typical of or used by people who belong to a high social class / attractive, expensive

Answer 702

**posh** ## Footnote I got a little more conservative or **posh /** They live in the **posh** part of town. =posh upper-class, well-to-do, genteel, aristocratic antonym: common

Question 703

to eat or drink something quickly

Answer 703

**gulp down** ## Footnote Many individuals eat mindlessly, **gulping down** food while they are in front of a television, working at their desks, or while they are driving in a car.

Question 704

money that is paid to somebody so that they will set free a person who is being kept as a prisoner by them

Answer 704

**ransom** ## Footnote The kidnappers demanded a **ransom** of £50 000 from his family. a **ransom** demand/note **ransom** money They are refusing to pay **ransom** for her release. They stole cattle for **ransom**. =payment, payoff, money, sum, deal, exchange, redemption

Question 705

to put several things, problems etc in order of importance, so that you can deal with the most important ones first

Answer 705

prioritize ## Footnote You need to prioritize your tasks.

Question 706

the fact that something happens by chance, usually something good

Answer 706

**happenstance** /ˈhæpənˌstæns/ ## Footnote Further evidence to our original point, the fact that Europeans had guns and the Zulus of Africa did not, was not a consequence of cultural or intellectual differences, it was due to geographical **happenstance**. (Guns, Germs, and Steel , Jared Diamond)

Question 707

**Human origins** Human beings are all related. We belong to the species ..... and are ...... of the first modern humans, who lived in Africa ..... years ago and migrated across the globe.

Answer 707

Homo sapiens descendants 160,000

Question 708

a substance or ingredient that promotes growth, provides energy, and maintains life

Answer 708

nutrient A nutrient is a compound that provides a needed function in the body. ماده مغذی

Question 709

A place where Hindus live together, away from other people

Answer 709

ashram ## Footnote Sanskrit: आश्रम,'to toil')

Question 710

A person with a lean and delicate build of body

Answer 710

ectomorph: Lean and long, with difficulty building muscle. (Ecto, a prefix from Greek έκτός (ektós) meaning "outside") AND (-moroh: Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ, “form, shape”). mesomorph: Muscular and well-built, with a high metabolism and responsive muscle cells. endomorph: Big, high body fat, often pear-shaped, with a high tendency to store body fat.

Question 711

the cells in the retina that respond to light.

Answer 711

photoreceptor The retina is covered with receivers, called photoreceptors, which convert light into neural signals.

Question 712

a type of massage in which a person’s hands or feet are rubbed and pressed in order to make other parts of their body more healthy or to help them to relax

Answer 712

**reflexology** /ˌriːflekˈsɒlədʒi/ ## Footnote **naturopaths** may sometimes help their clients by using hands-on modalities such as **reflexology** or acupressure.

Question 713

HIV stands for

Answer 713

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ## Footnote There are nearly 40 millions people worldwide infected with HIV, about the population of Canada. Africa has suffered the most, with nearly one in every 25 adult living with HIV.

Question 714

coarse fabric, typically made of jute fiber and used especially for sacks.

Answer 714

gunny

Question 715

in Vedas, the sun god;

Answer 715

**Surya** ## Footnote **Surya** (Sanskrit: सूर्य) is a Sanskrit word that means the **Sun**. Synonyms of **Surya** in ancient Indian literature include Aditya, Arka, Bhanu, Savitr, Pushan, Ravi, Martanda, Mitra and Vivasvan.// The oldest literature attributed to the Aryans, known as the Vedas, furnishes a relatively clear picture of their Gods, associated largely with different aspects of nature. Chief among them were Indra, the god of rain and thunder; **Surya**, the sun god; Varuna, the god of wind; and Agni, the fire god.

Question 716

reveal secret information unintentionally or indiscreetly.

Answer 716

**spill the beans**

Question 717

a plant with small blue flowers that is grown for the fibres in its stem and the oil in its seeds

Answer 717

flax ## Footnote Flaxseed is also a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, as are walnuts, dark green leafy vegetables, soybeans, algae, and hemp seeds.

Question 718

is an Indian yogi, mystic, and author. He founded the Isha Foundation, a non-profit organization which offers Yoga programs around the world and is involved in social outreach, education and environmental initiatives.

Answer 718

Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev (September 3, 1957 (age 61 years), Mysore, India)

Question 719

**deep meditative state** ## Footnote in Buddhism and Hinduism, a state of intense meditation believed to lead to spiritual enlightenment

Answer 719

**samadhi** ## Footnote Sanskrit samadhi-, literally "a putting or joining together,

Question 720

unreasonably anxious or afraid

Answer 720

**neurotic**

Question 721

including all the bad or unpleasant features of somebody/something ... (idioms)

Answer 721

warts and all ## Footnote The documentary shows the life of a fashion model, **warts and all.** She still loves him, **warts and all**. (wart زگیل)

Question 722

If you refer to someone as a ....., you mean that they make secret plans in order to get some benefit for themselves.

Answer 722

Schemer Many ppl view crows as schemer, a scavenger and a dreaded omen of death

Question 723

**invigoration**

Answer 723

**invigoration**

Question 724

An encyclopedia of medicine in five books compiled by Persian physician-philosopher Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and completed in 1025.

Answer 724

The Canon of Medicine ## Footnote The English title "**The Canon of Medicine**" is a translation of the Arabic title القانون في الطب‎ It presents an overview of the contemporary medical knowledge of the medieval Islamic world, which had been influenced by earlier traditions including Greco-Roman medicine (particularly Galen),[2] Persian medicine, Chinese medicine and Indian medicine.

Question 725

a movement in which you put your hands on the ground and your legs in the air

Answer 725

**handstand** ## Footnote • A man doing a handstand in the town centre

Question 726

(in yoga) latent female energy believed to lie coiled at the base of the spine.

Answer 726

**kundalini** ## Footnote (Sanskrit: कुण्डलिनी kuṇḍalinī, "coiled one"),means "circular", Sanskrit, literally "snake"

Question 727

a spiral structure in the inner ear that looks like a snail shell and contains tiny hair cells whose movement is interpreted by the brain as sound

Answer 727

cochlea ## Footnote sounds starts as air vibration, which then move our eardrums and the little bones (Ossicles) and then finally fluid in the cochlea and that trigers hair cells to fire.

Question 728

a situation in which there is a balance between different forces or aspects

Answer 728

**equilibrium**/ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbriəm/ ## Footnote Feeling anger and guilt at our illness interferes with trying to achieve our new **equilibrium**.

Question 729

relating to the Stone Age (=the period of time thousands of years ago when people used stone tools and weapons)

Answer 729

Paleolithic (or Palaeolithic) For Palaeolithic people—and indeed for much of human history—religion provided a way of understanding and influencing powerful natural phenomena "The Paleolithic is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers 99% of human technological prehistory. It extends from the earliest known use of stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago, to the end of the Pleistocene 11,650 cal BP.

Question 730

a long-term metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.

Answer 730

**type-2 diabetes**

Question 731

brain anatomy: it is a hub of higher cognitive function- including planning, dicriminating, abstract thinking, personality and behaviour.

Answer 731

**frontal lobe** ## Footnote the Bihar school refer to the breathing practice of Kapalabhati as "**frontal brain purification**" due to the rejuvenating effects of it has on this area of the brain.

Question 732

a badge or sign that shows what official or military rank someone has, or which group or organization they belong to

Answer 732

insignia ## Footnote after WWII Hermann Goring returned to Munich and he is attacked by thugs (socialist gangs) who try to rip the military insignia from his uniform

Question 733

a person or thing is respected because of their great age, experience etc – often used humorously

Answer 733

venerable Part 1 of the book is an introduction and more, filling you in on why the ancient and venerable system of living called yoga is so relevant to our modern Western world. * **venerable** financial **institutions** * the venerable guitarist Pat Martino * a **venerable tradition** =respected, august (formal), esteemed, honored, revered, admired antonym: disreputable (vulnerable=defenseless)

Question 734

a German anti-Semitic volkisch poet, playwright, journalist, publicist, and political activist who was one of the founders of the German Workers' Party, the predecessor to the Nazi Party

Answer 734

Dietrich Eckart (1868 – 1923) ## Footnote Eckart was Hitler's mentor, he dresses Hitler up to look respectable.

Answer 735

Ultimately, the reason certain cultures spread and others did not **comes down** to geography.

Question 736

secret knowledge or a secret skill that will give you an advantage /idiom

Answer 736

Ace up your sleeve ## Footnote He knows fully well, like any good negotiator, that he has got the ace up his sleeve

Question 737

Paul Joseph Goebbels was a German Nazi politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945.

Answer 737

Joseph Goebbles ## Footnote He was one of Adolf Hitler's closest and most devoted associates, and was known for his skills in public speaking and his deeply virulent antisemitism, which was evident in his publicly voiced views. he has complete control of the propaganda against the Jews.

Question 738

not harsh: showing tolerance or mercy in dealing with crime or misbehavior

Answer 738

lenient OPP: severe

Question 739

the area of the brain that specializes in high-level decision-making

Answer 739

cortex ## Footnote Harvard neuroscientist Sara Lazar has shown that long-term meditators have a thicker cortex—the area of the brain that specializes in high-level decision-making. This wrinkled outer layer of the brain is made up of neurons, which are information-processing cells. It has been well established that the cortex in general shrinks with age; however, Lazar found that the effect of regular meditation on the cortex was so profound that fifty year-old meditators had a prefrontal cortex that looked like that of a twenty-five-year-old.

Question 740

a person who habitually puts off doing things

Answer 740

**procrastinator** ## Footnote **Procrastinators** tend to buy **self-help books** about **procrastination**, then take them home, put them on a shelf, and never read them.(**Rewire** by Richard O'Connor)

Question 741

depress: to discourage or dishearten somebody

Answer 741

**dispirit** ## Footnote the army was dispirited by the uncomfortable winter conditions

Question 742

a chemical in the body that helps carry messages from the brain and is believed to make you feel happy

Answer 742

**serotonin** \ ˌsir-ə-ˈtō-nən ## Footnote There is a theory that people with anxiety have too little serotonin, the same imbalance claim is responsible for depression. Bright light stimulates the release of serotonin, the hormone that wakes you up and helps the brain reduce levels of melatonin, the sleep hormone. THe LSD molecules is shaped a lot like serotonin Formula: C10H12N2O

Question 743

a substance that is in foods such as sugar, bread, and potatoes, which provides your body with heat and energy and which consists of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon

Answer 743

carbohydrates The name carbohydrate means "hydrated carbon", or carbon with water. Thus, it isn't a surprise that carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. SYN starch

Question 744

to rise and float in the air by magic, or to make someone or something do this

Answer 744

levitate * Followers claim that she has **levitated** frequently during prayer. * He made himself **levitate** over the capital. =rise up, ascend, drift up, soar, fly up, float, take off antonym: sink

Question 745

a question that is deliberately very confusing and has a humorous or clever answer

Answer 745

riddle ## Footnote Consciousness is perhaps the biggest riddle in nature =puzzle, conundrum, question, mystery, enigma, brainteaser, challenge

Question 746

to explain something to a woman in a condescending way that assumes she has no knowledge about the topic

Answer 746

mansplain مرضیح (مرد توضیح): توضیحی که مردان به واسطه مرد بودن و با دید بالا به پایین اغلب به زنان توصیه می کنند.

Question 747

NOT SATISFACTORY, very bad or unacceptable

Answer 747

sad I eat avocado like an apple, my trigger was a sad cholesterol level

Question 748

norepinephrine

Answer 748

norepinephrine (also called **noradrenaline**) During sleep we have much lower levels of norepinephrine, That's the chemical messanger that causes us to feel awake and alert. And in the brain, it helps us to form memories.

Question 749

to wait somewhere quietly and secretly, usually because you are going to do something wrong

Answer 749

lurk ## Footnote In the autumn of 1919, at a German workers party meeting, a spy lurks in the crowd. He's been sent by the German army to report on proceedings. but the young man finds the anti-communist and anti-semmitic opinions chiming strongly with his own. he stops taking notes and starts addressing the crowd. and everyone's impressed by this man. His name was Adolf Hitler.

Question 750

your nerves, brain, and spinal cord, with which your body feels pain, heat etc and your movements are controlled

Answer 750

nervous system ## Footnote The nervous system is the most intricate of all the body's systems. every second of every day, gathering information about the organism and its surroundings and issuing instructions so that the organism can react. It is this computer that permits us to think and remember and that makes us who we are.

Question 751

to gradually affect or cover a larger area

Answer 751

**spread** ## Footnote the reason certain cultures spread and others did not comes down to geography. In particular, modern civilization requires an abundance of resources. Namely, the right climate and local vegetation to produce an abundance of crops.

Question 752

**Psychology** when you do something that’s sure to cause self-harm, whether it’s emotional or physical.

Answer 752

**self-destructive behavior** ## Footnote most **self-destructive behavior** is the result of the fact that we have two minds that don’t communicate very well. OPP: **self-constructive behavior**

Question 753

to make something much clearer and easier to understand also: Light up.

Answer 753

**illuminate** ## Footnote ‘a flash of lightning illuminated the house’ ‘a most illuminating discussion’ =clarify, enlighten, elucidate (formal), put in the picture, explain, inform, clear up, illustrate antonym: confuse

Question 754

a type of long gun used by soldiers before the invention of the rifle

Answer 754

**musket** /ˈmʌskɪt/ ## Footnote Did you know that one slave from a Spanish ship wiped out 50% of the Aztec Empire (including its leader), simply by introducing small pox? In fact, 95% of indigenous populations were killed not from European swords or **muskets**, but instead by the hands of their germs. (Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond)

Question 755

in Vedas, the god of fire

Answer 755

**Agni** ## Footnote The oldest literature attributed to the Aryans, known as the Vedas, furnishes a relatively clear picture of their Gods, associated largely with different aspects of nature. Chief among them were Indra, the god of rain and thunder; Surya, the sun god; Varuna, the god of wind; and **Agni**, the fire god.// **Agni** (Sanskrit: अग्नि) is a Sanskrit word meaning fire, and connotes the Vedic fire god of Hinduism. He is also the guardian deity of the southeast direction, and is typically found in southeast corners of Hindu temple.

Question 756

genetically modified food

Answer 756

**Frankenfood** ## Footnote Avoid genetically modified organisms ("**Frankenfoods**") that are known to promote allergy problems.

Question 757

ready to, on the verge of, close to or near to do something, / idioms

Answer 757

about to * I think she is about to make a big decision. * He is about to leave for London. * I got a notice in the mail that my driver's license is about to expire, so I'm going to get it renewed at the motor vehicle branch this afternoon. * The plane is about to take off.

Question 758

a German philosopher who is widely regarded as one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. He is best known for contributions to phenomenology, hermeneutics, and existentialism.

Answer 758

Martin Heidegger (1889–1976)

Question 759

a serious disease in which your skin becomes covered in spots that can leave permanent marks

Answer 759

**Smallpox** ## Footnote Did you know that one slave from a Spanish ship wiped out 50% of the Aztec Empire (including its leader), simply by introducing **small pox**? In fact, 95% of indigenous populations were killed not from European swords or muskets, but instead by the hands of their germs. (Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond) **Smallpox** is a contagious and virulent disease caused by the variola virus. آبله

Question 760

a heavy colorless odorless atmospheric gas and It is present in the Earth's atmosphere at a low concentration and acts as a greenhouse gas. In its solid state, it is called dry ice.

Answer 760

Carbon dioxide = CO2 ## Footnote THe primary geneation sources, which are coal, natural gas and liquid gasoline, when you burn them, they are releasing CO2 in the air, and that clearly is causing heating and that heating is changing the world before our eyes

Question 761

“Yoga is the journey of the self,... .

Answer 761

... through the self, to the self.” — EXCERPT FROM BHAGAVAD GITA

Question 762

too fat, in a way that is dangerous for your health

Answer 762

**obese** ## Footnote Obesity in the United States is at epidemic levels. As of 2015, more than 35% of U. S. men and women were **obese**. Those adults over age 60 were more likely to be **obese** than younger adults.

Question 763

express something in words

Answer 763

**state** The theory of evolution **states** that species can change. One species can give rise to another. **=**declare, testify, express

Question 764

........ things go well together, although they are usually different

Answer 764

**complementary** ## Footnote For most scientists, studies of the natural world involve the **complementary** processes of observation and experimentation. Observation is the act of viewing the world around us. Experimentation is a disciplined and controlled way of asking and answering questions about the world in an unbiased manner. (biology: how life works) =balancing, opposite, matching, corresponding antonym: clashing

Question 765

Cuba's fight for freedom is forever linked with the name ... .

Answer 765

Carlos Manuel de **Céspedes** (1819-1874) ## Footnote **Céspedes** was a Cuban revolutionary hero. Cespedes, who was a plantation owner in Cuba, freed his slaves and made the declaration of Cuban independence in 1868 which started the Ten Years' War, which ultimately led to Cuban independence. \_declared Cuba independent in 1868

Question 766

Without Vitamin K your blood doesn’t .... and a nosebleed could mean life or death.

Answer 766

clot

Question 767

cause suffering

Answer 767

inflict ## Footnote Terrorsits hope to inflict even more damage to New York City after attcking London Subway in 2005.

Question 768

without justification and with no concern for the consequences

Answer 768

**mindlessly** ## Footnote Because many foods today are eaten **mindlessly**, are often high in sugar, salt, and fat and may contain GMOs, hormones, antibiotics, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and heavy metals, the human body can easily become stressed, resulting in compromised health.

Question 769

following the generally accepted rules of something

Answer 769

**canonical** /kəˈnɒnɪk(ə)l/ ## Footnote In many religions, alongside this narrative, is a more sophisticated and systematic element, which explains the philosophy and doctrine of the religion, and lays out its distinctive theology. Some of these ancillary texts have themselves acquired **canonical** status.

Question 770

Hannah Arendt's first major work, wherein she describes and analyzes Nazism and Stalinism as the major totalitarian political movements of the first half of the 20th century.

Answer 770

**The Origins of Totalitarianism(**1951) ## Footnote The book is regularly listed as one of the best non-fiction books of the 20th century.

Question 771

over-confident: arrogantly confident and sure of yourself (informal)

Answer 771

cocky ## Footnote He’s a cocky little man and I don’t like him.

Question 772

doing and thinking as others; /following of standard

Answer 772

conformity ## Footnote We are all unique individuals. We follow the beat of our own drum. We wouldn’t throw our own beliefs out the window just to fit in...or would we? In this episode of Mind Field, I demonstrate the strong, human urge to conform, and just how far people will go to fall in with the crowd. همرنگ جماعت شدن

Question 773

go beyond limit

Answer 773

transcend ## Footnote The idea here (Transcendental Meditation) is to repeat a mantra, a word or sound, until you transcend thoughts entirely. =rise above, go beyond, exceed, go above, excel, surpass, outdo

Question 774

a disease that gradually gets worse

Answer 774

**degenerative** ## Footnote Americans suffer from more **degenerative** lifestyle-related ailments (such as heart disease, some forms of cancer, diabetes, and stroke), causing many health-care providers to suggest a link between what people eat and how they feel.

Question 775

(of a cell, gland, or organ) produce and discharge (a substance).

Answer 775

secrete \ si-ˈkrēt ## Footnote relating to or denoting glands which secrete hormones or other products directly into the blood.

Question 776

to give something to someone and get something in return ## Footnote **SYN exchange**

Answer 776

**swap** ## Footnote You'll examine various topics, such as the impact of obesity on health, how to improve health by **swapping** processed sugar for other sweeteners, and the health benefits of probiotics and herbs. Do you want to swap seats?

Question 777

a strong substance that can bend, which is around the joints in your body and in your outer ear

Answer 777

cartilage / ˈkɑːrtəlɪdʒ/ ## Footnote thanks to the dynamic structure of bones and cartilage, the body is maintained in perfect balance غضروف

Question 778

producing a great deal of profit.

Answer 778

**lucrative** /ˈluːkrətɪv/ ## Footnote the fitness industry, which is certainly one of the most **lucrative** industries in the world today.

Question 779

something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand

Answer 779

phenomenon There is no simple definition of the concept of religion that fully articulates all its dimensions. Encompassing spiritual, personal, and social elements, this phenomenon is however, ubiquitous, appearing in every culture from prehistory to the modern day.

Question 780

What does Marco's answer to the Khan about women and wine mean?

Answer 780

**"The true sweetness of wine is one flavor".** ## Footnote This means that while there may be many different flavors of wine in the world, they all taste good and all get you intoxicated. In other words he finds women everywhere desirable.

Question 781

(CHESS) a position counting as a draw, in which a player is not in check but cannot move except into check.

Answer 781

Stalemate ## Footnote Stalemate is a situation in the game of chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check but has no legal move. The rules of chess provide that when stalemate occurs, the game ends as a draw.

Answer 782

synergistic

Question 783

the Nazi's chief of military intelligence for the eastern front

Answer 783

Major General Reinhard Gehlen ## Footnote on may 22nd 1945, turned himself over to the Americans, as haed of intelligence for the eastern front, he gathered crucial information about Russia

Question 784

to switch to a different route

Answer 784

reroute ## Footnote Vsauce; Would you reroute a train to **run over** one person to prevent it from running over five others? In the classic “**Trolley Problem**” survey, most people say they would. But I wanted to test what people would actually do in a real-life situation. In the world’s first realistic simulation of this controversial moral dilemma, unsuspecting subjects will be forced to make what they believe is a life-or-death decision.

Question 785

if you..........part of your face, or if it ......, you move it so that small lines appear on it

Answer 785

**crinkle** /ˈkrɪŋk(ə)l/ ## Footnote Real smiles **crinkle** the eyes. Genuine smiles reach the eyes, **crinkling** the skin to create crow’s feet around them. People often smile to hide what they’re really thinking and feeling, so the next time you want to know if someone’s smile is genuine, look for **crinkles** at the corners of their eyes. If they aren’t there, that smile could be hiding something.

Question 786

a substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure; a gas or (especially) a liquid.

Answer 786

fluid ## Footnote we all need several glasses of fluid a day Proteins control fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance in the body.

Question 787

the state or quality of being better, more powerful, greater, etc. than others

Answer 787

**superiority** ## Footnote In any group of people such as a society, community, county, or region, where there are shared similarities, there are typically superior and inferior parties. The **superiority** or inferiority is often determined by what the group of people defines to be the criteria for the same./ the **superiority** of this operating system. =advantage, dominance, lead, power, preeminence, control, authority, supremacy, ascendancy, predominance, upper hand antonym: inferiority

Question 788

someone who works very hard and very carefully

Answer 788

**diligent** /ˈdɪlɪdʒ(ə)nt/ ## Footnote It will be a busy evening tonight so please be extra **diligent** at the podiums. Check all identifications for persons who appear under 30.

Question 789

the form of sugar that is obtained from sugar cane and sugar beet

Answer 789

**sucrose** ## Footnote **Sucrose** is common sugar. It is a disaccharide. a molecule composed of two monosaccharides: glucose and fructose. **Sucrose** is produced naturally in plants, from which table sugar is refined. Formula: C12H22O11 from French sucre ‘sugar’ + -ose.

Question 790

a snake, especially a large one

Answer 790

serpent ## Footnote His tongue is a deadly poisonous serpent. Sanskrit sarpati "creeps," sarpah "serpent;" Greek herpein "to creep," herpeton"serpent;"

Question 791

when a person has symptoms due to a decreased ability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products

Answer 791

Lactose intolerance ## Footnote Worldwide about %65 of the population do not have the enzyme after enfancy, which means they are not able to digest more than about 150 milliliter each day. This Lactose intolerance is not spread evenly around the world, though. In some east asian communities, for example It's up to 90%. In northern Europe and North America, the rates are the lowest overall.

Question 792

... behaviour is very difficult to stop or control, and is often a result of or a sign of a mental problem

Answer 792

compulsive ## Footnote **compulsive gambling/overeating/spending etc** Compulsive overspending in these days of credit cards has become more common. =obsessive, neurotic, habitual, irrational, uncontrollable, driven

Question 793

The skeleton consists of .... separate bones, which differ in form, size, and name.

Answer 793

206

Question 794

very bad: causing dismay

Answer 794

**appalling** ## Footnote Now we all know, that the US government and the CIA supported the Contras and their efforts to overthrow ths Sandinista government in Nicaragua in the middle-'80s. Now it is alleged the CIA also helped the contras raise money for arms by introducing crack-cocain into California. It is an **appaling** charge. (John Deutch, CIA director) (from documentary: Crack: Cocaine, Corruption & Conspiracy(2021) =horrifying, shocking, disgusting, upsetting, sickening, outrageous, scandalous, distressing antonym: **appealing**

Question 795

To extend or stretch to or in the direction of someone or something in a higher position. I reached up to Jake so I could grab the hammer from him.

Answer 795

reach up to (someone or something)

Question 796

too eager about something you believe in strongly

Answer 796

**overzealous** ## Footnote “ Memory is often the **overzealous** secretary who assists in this process by hiding or destroying files that harbor unwanted information,” like Nixon’s secretary and the infamous eighteen-minute gap in the White House tapes.

Question 797

​to discover something/somebody unexpectedly

Answer 797

**stumble upon (across/on)** ## Footnote if you are unhappy with your life, you are not going to accidentally **stumble upon** the answer. you have to take responsibility for solving your problems. = come across, come by, stumble across, meet, find, encounter, happen upon, come upon, fall upon, stumble upon, strike, get, obtain, acquire, luck into antonym: lose

Question 798

to flow out forcefully

Answer 798

spew ## Footnote a volcano spewing ash =pour out, pour forth, gush, flow, stream, spill antonym: dribble

Question 799

Sanskrit term which literally means "mind chatter,” or “monkey mind,”

Answer 799

**Chitta Vritti** ## Footnote [Chitta, or citta,](https://blog.glo.com/2013/11/the-language-of-yoga-chitta-vritti/) comes from the root “cit,” to be conscious, and “vritti” generally translates “whirl” or “fluctuation” in any area.[But when it comes to chitta](https://www.yogapedia.com/definition/5954/citta-vritti) vritti as a yogic term, the translation is usually something along the lines of “mind fluctuations,” “mind chatter,” or “monkey mind.”​

Question 800

to run very fast for a short distance

Answer 800

sprint ## Footnote **sprint along/across/up etc** Marco **sprinted up** the steps. =dash, race, run, 100 meters, cycle race

Question 801

to deal with a difficult situation

Answer 801

**confront** ## Footnote It takes courage to **confront** your fears. Many believe that some races, cultures, or nationalities are “superior” to others, and use an unnuanced approach to history to justify these claims. This book confronts those beliefs head on.

Question 802

the development of new Neurons

Answer 802

**neurogenesis** ## Footnote **Neurogenesis** is crucial when an embryo is developing, but also continues in certain brain regions after birth and throughout our lifespan

Question 803

suddenly and unexpectedly

Answer 803

**abruptly** ## Footnote Dinosaurs evolved about 240 million years ago and disappeared **abruptly** 66 million years ago, along with many other species of plants, animals, and microscopic organisms.(Biology: How Life Works)

Question 804

become involved in situation

Answer 804

**intervene** ## Footnote {Latell} Castro told Khrushchev: "If the Americans **intervene**, if they do an **intervenation** in Cuba, you should not wait for them to attack you, As soon as they **intervene** in Cuba, you should unleash entire Soviet necular arsenal against American targets." -Apocalypse. (Cuba; the Libre story) episode 6 -The army will have to intervene to prevent further fighting. =interfere, arbitrate, mediate, intercede, get involved, intrude, interpose مداخله کردن

Question 805

Daniel Kahneman, the Nobel Prize–winning developer of behavioral economics, calls this ........ and refers to it as lazy because it’s habitual and not creative.

Answer 805

**system 1 thinking**

Question 806

simple and affordable technology to manipulate and edit DNA, completely changing the face of genome engineering.

Answer 806

CRISPR ## Footnote Genetic engineering technology, that we can take a gene from one organism, put it in another, and make a medication that can save a bunch of people's lives

Question 807

the almost complete destruction of Jews in Europe by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II (1939-1945).

Answer 807

Holocaust ## Footnote The leadership of Germany’s Nazi Party ordered the extermination of 5.6 million to 5.9 million Jews (see National Socialism). Jews often refer to the Holocaust as Shoah (from the Hebrew word for “catastrophe” or “total destruction”). The word holocaust derives from the Greek holo (whole) and caustos (burned) and originally referred to a burnt offering, or a religious sacrifice that is totally consumed by fire.

Question 808

to completely stop something by making it illegal

Answer 808

outlaw ## Footnote after failing the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923, the Nazi party was officially outlawed =forbid, ban, prohibit, proscribe, bar, veto, censure, suppress antonym: allow

Question 809

make somebody familiar with something

Answer 809

**familiarize** ## Footnote You'll need time to familiarize yourself with our procedures./ As a teacher I try to familiarize students with a wide variety of fiction. =acquaint, tell, explain, make clear, train, drill

Question 810

area of brain associated with memory

Answer 810

hippocampus ## Footnote has found that areas of the cortex were larger for those who practiced yoga. This research even supported findings that the section of the brain that stores memory—the hippocampus—was larger for those practicing yoga. Greek hippokampos \< hippos "horse" + kampos "sea monster"]

Question 811

Dendrites receive information into Neurons, while ..... send information from them.

Answer 811

**Axons**

Question 812

Hunter-Gatherer diet

Answer 812

**the Paleolithic diet** ## Footnote (also) Hunter-Gatherer diet Hunters brought home lean meat, and gatherers collected plants high in fiber and complex carbohydrates as well as vitamins and minerals. This diet, commonly called **the Paleolithic diet** or **Hunter-Gatherer diet**, predominated for about 2 million years.

Question 813

a condition that inhibits the ability to perceive physical pain. From birth, affected individuals never feel pain in any part of their ...

Answer 813

Congenital insensitivity to pain

Question 814

to make something work at the same time or the same rate as something else

Answer 814

**synchronize** ## Footnote The sound track did not synchronize with the action. =harmonize, coordinate, orchestrate, bring into line, match

Question 815

not allow to have: to prevent somebody from having something

Answer 815

**deprive** Biology students in Kansas would now be able to graduate without learning the most fundamental idea in their discipline! Why? What could motivate a State Education Board to **deprive** students of such an important piece of knowledge?

Question 816

stop functioning

Answer 816

**crumbled** ## Footnote once. Lying in bed, she broke down. “It was like this wave of sadness,” she said. “I felt like everything I had ever wanted had crumbled. I couldn’t even smoke right.

Question 817

an intestinal enzyme that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose

Answer 817

lactase ## Footnote Dairy animals' milk changed the genes of communities who consumed a lot of it. This adaotation has to do with a specialized enzyme: Lactase.

Question 818

something that makes you want to do something or to work harder, because you know that you will benefit by doing this

Answer 818

**incentive** /ɪnˈsentɪv/ ## Footnote As businesses, government, and insurance organizations continue to recognize the benefits of health and fitness programs for their employees, **incentives** to join gyms or other types of health clubs are expected to increase the need for fitness trainers and instructors. انگیزه

Question 819

to talk about your ideas with someone in order to get their opinion

Answer 819

**bounce (idea) off (somebody)** ## Footnote When you work in a team you can bounce your ideas off each other. =glance off, ricochet, reflect, deflect, rebound

Question 820

the basic part of something, on which everything depends

Answer 820

**cornerstone** /ˈkɔː(r)nə(r)ˌstəʊn/ ## Footnote cornerstone of: Trust is the **cornerstone** of any relationship./ A healthy circulatory system is the **cornerstone** of the body's healing system.

Question 821

a curved shape that is wide in the middle and pointed at the ends. The moon sometimes has this shape.

Answer 821

**crescent** ## Footnote from Latin crescere ‘grow’ the reason certain cultures spread and others did not comes down to geography. In particular, modern civilization requires an abundance of resources. Namely, the right climate and local vegetation to produce an abundance of crops. Rather than spending all their time searching for food, the people of **the Fertile Crescent** were able to grow and store protein dense food like wheat, barley, and peas which grew abundantly in the area. In the end, this allotted them more time to develop weapons of war. (Guns, Germs, and Steel , Jared Diamond)

Question 822

is a highly revered mantra from the Rig Veda

Answer 822

**Gayatri Mantra** ## Footnote Nevertheless, a few lines from the Rig Veda, known as the **Gayatri mantra**, have become synonymous with Hinduism for many believers. The **Gayatri mantra** is the first thing that even little children are taught.

Question 823

a bit or mild exaggeration beyond the truth

Answer 823

a bit of a stretch ## Footnote Is it true that person you met was over two meters tall or is that just a bit of a stretch?

Question 824

The oldest literature attributed to the Aryans, known as ... .

Answer 824

**The Vedas** ## Footnote **the Vedas,** furnishes a relatively clear picture of their Gods, associated largely with different aspects of nature. Chief among them were Indra, the god of rain and thunder; Surya, the sun god; Varuna, the god of wind; and Agni, the fire god. The Vedas वेद "knowledge") are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. Composed in **Vedic** Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism. Hindus consider the **Vedas** to be apauruṣeya, which means "not of a man, superhuman" and "impersonal, authorless"

Question 825

the oldest of the three (Triune brain), controls the body's vital functions such as heart rate, breathing, body temperature and balance.

Answer 825

reptilian brain (also lizard brain) ## Footnote Our reptilian brain includes the main structures found in a reptile's brain: the brainstem and the cerebellum. The reptilian brain is reliable but tends to be somewhat rigid and compulsive.

Question 826

resistance to disease

Answer 826

**immunity** ## Footnote These technological advantages, along with **immunities** to specifically dangerous diseases, ultimately led to European empires spreading across the modern world. (gun, germs and steel by Jared diamond)

Question 827

triumphantly joyful: feeling or expressing great delight over a success, achievement, or victory

Answer 827

**jubilant** ## Footnote In 1989, Spain surrendered and Cuba was **jubilant**. The Spanish flag in Havana was lowered for the last time on August 13th, 1898. =triumphant, proud, thrilled, ecstatic, delighted, euphoric, glad, overjoyed, joyful, joyous, over the moon (informal) antonym: disappointed

Question 828

so great, shocking or surprising that it is difficult to believe

Answer 828

**staggering** ## Footnote The attention to detail is **staggering**. The exhibition cost a **staggering** $30 million. =astounding, amazing, confounding, overwhelming, stunning, shocking, surprising, incredible, astonishing, unbelievable, hard to believe

Question 829

to have enough money to live

Answer 829

make ends meet ## Footnote During the Great depression of the 1930s, many American weren't able to make ends meet.

Question 830

a type of Explicit memory which refers to a portion of long-term memory that processes ideas and concepts that are not drawn from personal experience. this type of memory includes things that are common knowledge, such as the names of colors, the sounds of letters, the capitals of countries and other basic facts acquired over a lifetime.

Answer 830

Semantic memory

Question 831

feeling tired, weak, or confused, especially because you are ill or have not had enough sleep

Answer 831

**groggy**/ˈɡrɒɡi/ ## Footnote How can you tell if you are getting enough sleep? If you generally feel **groggy**, the answer is probably "no."

Question 832

a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family

Answer 832

**dynasty** ## Footnote the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty Documentary: "A Dangerous **Dynasty**: House of Assad": The inside story of a family **dynasty** at the heart of one of the world's biggest problems, produced by BBC =family, house, line Greek dunastēs "lord"

Question 833

a very soft light white or pink sweet, made of sugar and egg white

Answer 833

**marshmallow** /ˌmɑː(r)ʃˈmæləʊ/

Question 834

the process of becoming an accepted part of a country or group

Answer 834

assimilation /əˌsimiˈlāSH(ə)n/ ## Footnote As societies became more complex, their belief systems grew with them and religion was increasingly deployed as a political tool. Military conquests were often followed by the ***assimilation*** of the pantheon of the defeated people by the victors; and kingdoms and empires were often supported by their deities and priestly classes ---\>Cultural assimilation

Question 835

an officer in the U.S., Canadian, or British armies and the U.S. Marine Corps of a rank above major general سپهبد

Answer 835

Lieutenant general

Question 836

the development of connections among neurons

Answer 836

**synaptogenesis** ## Footnote Although it occurs throughout a healthy person's lifespan, an explosion of synapse formation occurs during early brain development, known as exuberant **synaptogenesis**.

Question 837

known as Operation Tabas in Iran, was a United States Armed Forces operation ordered by U.S. President Jimmy Carter to attempt to end the Iran hostage crisis by rescuing 62 embassy staff held captive at the Embassy of the United States, Tehran on 24 April 1980.

Answer 837

Operation Eagle Claw ## Footnote Its failure, and the humiliating public debacle that ensued, damaged U.S. prestige worldwide. Carter blamed his loss in the 1980 U.S. presidential election mainly on his failure to secure the release of the hostages.

Question 838

military coup

Answer 838

putsch ## Footnote Beer Hall Putsch also known as the Munich Putsch, and, in German, as the Hitlerputsch, was a failed coup d'état by the Nazi Party (NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, which took place on 8–9 November 1923. =coup, insurrection, uprising, revolution, revolt, overthrow

Question 839

a powerful illegal drug made from morphine, that some people take for pleasure and can become addicted to

Answer 839

**heroin** ## Footnote Heroin, also known as **diacetylmorphine** and **diamorphine** among other names, is an opioid used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects.

Question 840

Egyptian military leader and president (1970-1981), best remembered for his work toward peace in the Middle East, in the course of which he became the first Arab leader to recognize Israel.

Answer 840

**Anwar Sadat** (1918-1981)

Question 841

a person who abstains from eating meat and eggs, but who eats dairy products.

Answer 841

**Lacto-vegetarian** ## Footnote Lacto-vegetarians, who exclude eggs as well as meat, fish, and fowl; and

Question 842

a small brightly colored nectar-eating bird that hovers, especially while feeding, by beating its wings rapidly, producing a humming sound. Native to: tropical America. ## Footnote Family: Trochilidae

Answer 842

**hummingbird** ## Footnote A **hummingbird** visiting a flower. This simple observation leads to questions: why do hummingbirds pay so much attention to some flowers? Why do they hover near red flowers?(Biology: How Life Works)

Question 843

a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age.

Answer 843

Avicenna (980–1037 CE). As Rome’s power declined, medical knowledge spread east to Persia, developed by physicians such as Avicenna.

Question 844

​including everything possible; very careful or complete

Answer 844

**exhaustive** /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪv/ ## Footnote This book is by no means an **exhaustive** study of human anatomy or the vast science of yoga. No single book could be. =thorough, comprehensive, complete, in-depth, full, extensive, far-reaching, meticulous, all-inclusive, intensive, sweeping antonym: superficial

Question 845

first human in space

Answer 845

Yuri Gagarin ## Footnote "The earth looked a delicate blue floating in a black sky", said the first man in space after his fabulous journey of 108 minutes, Major Yuri Gagarin his capsule, Vostok 1, completed one orbit of Earth on 12 April 1961.

Question 846

shining in the dark

Answer 846

luminous ## Footnote luminous paint Her large dark eyes were almost luminous. =glowing, shining, brilliant, bright, incandescent, radiant, gleaming, shimmering, resplendent antonym: dull

Question 847

If something far exceeds the normal standards, good or bad, for something

Answer 847

**off the chart** ## Footnote It seems that when carrot is blended with kale and spinach, the antioxidant properties are **off the chart**. In fact, this blend is now being touted as the latest miracle cure for all kinds of ailments.

Question 848

a disorder of the nervous system that causes a person to become unconscious suddenly, often with violent movements of the body صَرع

Answer 848

epilepsy

Question 849

dominoes theory

Answer 849

dominoes theory

Question 850

was Nazi Germany's code name for the plan for an invasion of the United Kingdom during the Battle of Britain in the Second World War.

Answer 850

Operation Sea Lion (German: Unternehmen Seelöwe) Following the Fall of France, Adolf Hitler, the German Führer and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, hoped the British government would seek a peace agreement and he reluctantly considered invasion only as a last resort if all other options failed.

Question 851

present everywhere: spreading widely or present throughout something

Answer 851

pervasive ## Footnote ageism is pervasive and entrenched in our society. =universal, inescapable, prevalent, persistent, omnipresent, ubiquitous, general, widespread, extensive, rife antonym: localized

Question 852

fourth Prime Minister of Israel, a founder of the state of Israel.

Answer 852

Golda Meir (1898-1978), Israeli premier (1969-74),

Question 853

​(informal) to take somebody to the police or somebody in authority because they have committed a crime

Answer 853

**turn** (sb) **in** ## Footnote were you ever afraid that one of your fellow officers might **turn you in? /** She threatened to turn him in to the police. He decided to turn himself in. =inform on, blow the whistle on, betray, report, hand over, snitch on (slang), turn over, shop (UK, slang), grass on (UK, slang)

Question 854

in an open and unashamed manner

Answer 854

blatantly ## Footnote You only want to use these tactics when you need to persuade someone for something and you can’t blatantly ask them for help.

Question 855

a person who loves their country and who is ready to defend it against an enemy

Answer 855

**patriot** ## Footnote I wouldn’t say I’m a great **patriot**, but I would never betray my country. =loyalist, nationalist, flag-waver, partisan, jingoist, xenophobe, chauvinist

Question 856

an exercise in which you lie on your back and lift your head and shoulders off the ground to make your stomach muscles strong

Answer 856

crunch ## Footnote of the most popular abdominal exercises. It involves the entire abs, but primarily it works the rectus abdominis muscle and also works the obliques. It allows both building six-pack abs, and tightening the belly. Crunches use the exerciser's own body weight to tone muscle, and are recommended as a low-cost exercise that can be performed at home

Question 857

to eat something using your teeth and jaws in a noisy way

Answer 857

**munch** /mʌntʃ/ ## Footnote while watching a suspenseful movie, have you ever noticed the sound of people munching popcorn, eating candy, or sipping on their extra-large soft drinks?

Question 858

norepinephrine

Answer 858

**norepinephrine** ## Footnote With proper nutrients, the brain manufactures chemicals like **norepinephrine**, a neurotransmitter that increases energy and boosts mood.

Question 859

too much gas in your stomach or intestines

Answer 859

**flatulence** ## Footnote Fiber intake should be increased gradually to avoid **flatulence** and bloating. Very high fiber intake, however, can reduce the absorption of certain minerals

Question 860

a part of the human visual system that is specialized for facial recognition. It is located in the inferior temporal cortex (IT), in the fusiform gyrus

Answer 860

fusiform face area

Question 861

violent and cruel in a way that hurts someone physically; very unkind

Answer 861

vicious Social media trolling is particularly vicious against women

Question 862

a member of a people living usually in portable or temporary dwellings and practicing seasonal migration but having a base camp at which some crops are cultivated.

Answer 862

semi nomadic ## Footnote As the early religions evolved, their ceremonies and cosmologies became increasingly sophisticated. Primal religions of the nomadic and ***seminomadic*** peoples of prehistory gave way to the religions of the ancient and, in turn, of the classical civilizations

Question 863

To exert a significant amount of energy or work very hard to do, accomplish, or complete something. / SLANG

Answer 863

**bust my ass** ## Footnote why I was **busting my ass** to make this delicious dinner?

Question 864

to give someone information that should be secret

Answer 864

**divulge** ## Footnote For no reason should we ever **divulge information** over the phone to anyone even if you think that person works for the Casino or a different department. =reveal, tell, make known, disclose, let drop, give away, let slip (indulge=have or permit treat)

Question 865

strong dislike

Answer 865

aversion ## Footnote innate inversios....

Question 866

give somebody warning: to give somebody a warning or some useful advance information

Answer 866

tip off ## Footnote The police had been tipped off about the girl's whereabouts.

Question 867

state of being forgotten

Answer 867

oblivion ## Footnote from 1947 to 1991 (cold war)the world was stood on the edge of oblivion forgetfulness, unconsciousness, stupor, insensibility, obliviousness antonym: awareness

Question 868

They are generally the traditions of nonliterate people-which means they do not depend on scriptures or written teachings as do most other religions.

Answer 868

primal religions ## Footnote isolated tribes in remote places, such as the Amazonian forest in South America, the Indonesian islands, and parts of Africa, still practice religions that are thought to have remained largely unchanged for millennia. These ***primal religions*** often feature a belief in a unity between nature and the spirit, linking people inextricably with the environment.

Question 869

the distance of a point on the Earthfrom the equator (=the imaginary line around the middle of the Earth), measured in degrees north or south

Answer 869

**latitude** /ˈlætɪˌtjuːd/ It’s much easier for ideas to spread east and west versus north and south. Why? Because climates generally move **latitudinally**. This means that food or spices that stored well in southern China, were much more easily transported west to Europe than south to Australia, for example. (Guns, Germs, and Steel , Jared Diamond) عرض جغرافیایی

Question 870

the science that studies movement

Answer 870

**kinetics** ## Footnote **Greek** from kinetos"moved,"

Question 871

a type of sugar found in milk

Answer 871

lactose ## Footnote Milk is rich in fat, vitamins, minerals and milk-sugar: Lactose. Formula: C12H22O11

Question 872

To remain determined, resolute, or steadfast in one's opinion, belief, or perspective; to refuse to be persuaded by someone else into believing or doing something one does not agree with.

Answer 872

stick to (one's) guns ## Footnote she is sticking to her guns but she appears to be uncomfortable; opposing the group.

Question 873

something that is conveyed as a meaning often obscurely or indirectly

Answer 873

significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ ## Footnote Whether Religion is a matter of intense personal experience—an inner awareness of the divine—or a way of finding ***significance*** and meaning, and providing a starting point for all of life’s endeavors, it appears to be fundamental at a personal as well as a social level. معنی, مفهوم

Question 874

reduce the intensity of (a conflict or potentially violent situation)

Answer 874

de-escalate ## Footnote "they had training in how to de-escalate a situation" How to de-scalate a situation: relax your body---use a calm voice---ask to hear the other's person point of view---call the other person by name---state the problem without blaming the other person---use words like "let's","we","our","together" OPP: escalate

Question 875

having a lot of small parts or details put together in a complicated way

Answer 875

elaborate elaborate burial customs of our distant ancestors SYN intricate

Question 876

practical knowledge or understanding of something

Answer 876

**savvy** ## Footnote Skill isn’t enough—you need **savvy** too. =shrewdness, practicality, knowledge, perception, understanding, know-how (informal) antonym: ignorance

Question 877

tending to be different or develop in different directions.

Answer 877

divergent ## Footnote divegent view/ divergent minds/ the study of the divergent mind has revolutionized our understanding of the brian Syn: different, opp: similar

Question 878

a plant that produces grain used for making food, beer, and whisky

Answer 878

**barley** ## Footnote the people of the Fertile Crescent were able to grow and store protein dense food like wheat, **barley**, and peas which grew abundantly in the area. In the end, this allotted them more time to develop weapons of war. جو (گیاه)

Question 879

the first ruler of the Akkadian Empire, known for his conquests of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th to 23rd centuries BC.

Answer 879

**Sargon the Akkaed** ## Footnote **Sargon** (/ˈsɑːrɡɒn/; Akkadian: 𒈗𒁺) also known as **Sargon the Great**

Question 880

a thought experiment in ethics modeling an ethical dilemma. It is generally considered to represent a classic clash between two schools of moral thought, utilitarianism and deontological ethics. The general form of the problem is this: There is a runaway trolley barreling down the railway tracks.

Answer 880

trolly problem

Question 881

the cell’s control center

Answer 881

**Nucleus** ## Footnote The central part of an atom, made up of neutrons, protons, and other elementary particles

Question 882

three main gods in the Hindu religion

Answer 882

Vishnu Brahma Shiva chief gods of the trinity Brahma-Vishnu-Siva in post-Vedic Hindu religion

Question 883

A term to describe a Iraqi people regardless of sex or ethnic background. Based loosely on the Arabic word "al-haj" which means one who traveled to Mecca. First coined in Baghdad by the ISG ( information synchronization group) in May 2003.

Answer 883

haji

Question 884

​the Jewish religious festival and holiday in memory of the escape of the Jews from Egypt

Answer 884

**Passover** ## Footnote Rabbi Maya: When Gd brought upon Egypt the tenth plague of killing the first born, he told the Israelites yo put blood on the threshholds of their homes and the angel of death (Azrael) **passed over** the homes of the Hebrews and only took the first born of the Egyptians.

Question 885

the most important **sugar** or ‘‘sweet’’ **substance** within the **bloodstream**. It is the major fuel for our **body cells**.

Answer 885

Glucose ## Footnote Formula: C₆H₁₂O₆ type of sugar you get from foods you eat, and your body uses it for energy. As it travels through your bloodstream to your cells, it's called blood glucose or blood sugar. Insulin is a hormone that moves glucose from your blood into the cells for energy and storage

Question 886

​(of food, wood, etc.) that has decayed and cannot be eaten or used

Answer 886

**rotten** * the smell of **rotten** vegetables * The fruit is starting to **go rotten** * **rotten** floorboards = decayed, putrid, decomposed, rotted, moldy, disintegrating, bad, off antonym: fresh

Question 887

in Norse mythology, a place in Asgard, the Norse heaven, to which the souls of those who died bravely in battle are taken by the Valkyries

Answer 887

valhalla

Question 888

Mongol conqueror and founder of the Mongol Empire, which spanned the continent of Asia by the time of his death.

Answer 888

**Genghis Khan** (1167?-1227) ## Footnote Originally named Temujin, Native folklore is the only source for details about his ancestry, birth, and early life, and thus the facts are intermingled with purely legendary material. His line of descent is traced back, through many generations, to the mythical union of a gray wolf and a white doe. The newborn infant is said to have held in his hand a large clot of blood, thus presaging the future career of the world conqueror.​

Question 889

the state of being forced to do something because it is your duty, or because of a law, etc.

Answer 889

**obligation** ## Footnote The universe is under no obligation to make sense to you. Now that you know how habits work, you have an **obligation** to take control of them. =duty, responsibility, requirement, compulsion, commitment, onus antonym: option

Question 890

to leave somebody/a place suddenly; to escape from somebody/a place

Answer 890

**run away** ## Footnote Back to those dinosaurs. How do we know that they once roamed the Earth? We have never seen them or heard them or had to run away from them. =escape, flee, run off, abscond, elope, abandon, turn your back on

Question 891

the German kaiser (emperor) and king of Prussia from 1888 to 1918, was one of the most recognizable public figures of World War I (1914-18).

Answer 891

Wilhelm II (1859-1941) ## Footnote He gained a reputation as a swaggering militarist through his speeches and ill-advised newspaper interviews Kaiser has abandoned his men and fled to Holland, Germany is on the verge of surrender

Question 892

to (make something) become less

Answer 892

**diminish** ## Footnote Elevated stress may also lead to alcohol consumption, further taxing the liver (which filters toxins from the body). The effectiveness of the body's immune system continues to **diminish**.

Question 893

the first teacher of Gautama Buddha

Answer 893

Alara Kalama ## Footnote He was a hermit saint and a teacher of ancient meditation.He was the specialist of Samkhya philosophy. According to the Pāli Canon scriptures, he was the first teacher of Gautama Buddha.

Question 894

to dislike greatly and often with disgust or intolerance

Answer 894

loathe ## Footnote love him or loathe him, what you can not dispute is that Karl Marx dramitaccaly transformed our world

Question 895

not satisfied because something is not as good as you had expected

Answer 895

dissatisfied ## Footnote If you are **dissatisfied** with this product, please return it. "**dissatisfied** customer" =disgruntled, displeased, discontented, disappointed, unhappy, frustrated, fed up (informal) antonym: satisfied

Question 896

to take control of another country by going to live there or by sending people to live there

Answer 896

**colonize** /ˈkɒlənaɪz/ ## Footnote For some reason those of European descent were able to **colonize** indigenous peoples of Australia, the New World, and Africa.

Question 897

was an attack during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, in which the Palestinian terrorist group Black September took eleven Israeli Olympic team members hostage and killed them along with a West German police officer.

Answer 897

The Munich massacre

Question 898

The female principle of divine energy, especially when personified as the supreme deity. (Hinduism)

Answer 898

**Shakti** ## Footnote (or Sakti) From Sanskrit śakti ‘power, divine energy’.

Question 899

easily influenced or affected by something

Answer 899

**susceptible** Even knowing how Social media tricks works, I am still **susceptible** to them. **=**receptive, open, impressionable, sensitive, swayable, amenable, suggestible antonym: impervious

Question 900

the protection of public health by removing and treating waste, dirty water etc

Answer 900

sanitation ## Footnote Overcrowding and poor sanitation are common problems in prisons. =hygiene, cleanliness, cleanness, public health, health

Question 901

(formal) using power without limits and without considering other people

Answer 901

**arbitrary** ## Footnote Arrests were often **arbitrary**, as were torture and assassination.

Question 902

if something bad or unpleasant is ...., it is very common

Answer 902

**rife** ## Footnote Remember what we learned about domesticable animals? Well these domesticable animals are **rife** with deadly diseases, which their masters eventually adopted an immunity to. So, while the Spanish, for example, were immune to Incan diseases, the Incans, were not immune to the Spaniard’s version. (Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond)

Question 903

growing wildly/ occuring unchecked

Answer 903

rampant ## Footnote Misinformation about Corona Virus is rampant

Question 904

a man who has sexual relationships with many different women – used to show disapproval

Answer 904

womenizer Charles Bukowski was an alcoholic, a womanizer, a chronic gambler, a lout, a cheapskate, a deadbeat, and on his worst days, a poet. He’s probably the last person on earth you would ever look to for life advice or expect to see in any sort of self-help book. -----\> man- eater (for a woman)

Question 905

the distance or expanse between two extremes or limits

Answer 905

**span** ## Footnote Cuba is the biggest island in the Caribbean. It **spans** 760 miles from east to west. That's roughly the distance from Washington, DC, to Miami =distance, width, length, extent, area

Question 906

attractive in an unusual or old-fashioned way

Answer 906

**quaint** /kweɪnt/ ## Footnote Today's Cuba is a curious mix of tropical paradise and **quaint** nostalgia. (THe cuba libre story) =old-fashioned, old-world, picturesque, charming, pretty, antiquated, attractive, appealing antonym: modern

Question 907

lowest class in ancient Rome excluding slaves.\ somebody regarded as ill-educated:

Answer 907

plebian

Question 908

make (someone) agitated or confused.

Answer 908

flustered

Question 909

the part of your body where faeces (=solid waste) are formed. This word is usually used in the plural, except in medical language

Answer 909

**bowel(s)** /ˈbaʊəl/ ## Footnote Naturopaths also pay a lot of attention to the health of the **bowels** (where nutrients are absorbed into the blood stream). The diet prescribed in the treatments usually involves reducing alcohol, eating healthy, unprocessed foods rich in vitamins. They also recommend restricting fats, salt, and sugar. =intestine(s)

Question 910

used to say that there is something good even in a situation that seems very sad or difficult

Answer 910

every cloud has a silver lining

Question 911

The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.

Answer 911

**neuroplasticity** ## Footnote what we know is that whenever we engage in a behaviour over and over again, that this can lead to changes to your brain. and this is what's refered to as neuroplasticity and what this just means is your brain is plastic and that the neurons can change how they talk to each other with experience. Greek neuron "nerve", lastos Form, mold"

Question 912

causing feelings of shame

Answer 912

**inglorious** ## Footnote **an inglorious chapter in the nation’s history!** **=**shameful, dishonorable, disgraceful, humiliating, unsuccessful, ignominious, ignoble antonym: glorious

Question 913

a chemical element that is not a metal and that your body needs in smallamounts in order to be healthy

Answer 913

**selenium** /səˈliːniəm/ ## Footnote Consume a good supply of antioxidants (such as beta-carotene, vitamins C and E, and **selenium**). These are found in fresh fruits, vegetables, and fresh herbs. Choose foods that will eventually rot. This usually means they are whole, fresh foods.

Question 914

dangerously unstable, unsteady, uncertain, or insecure

Answer 914

**precarious** ## Footnote Fossilization is a **precarious** process, so it is not surprising that there are gaps in the fossil record. And there is so much other evidence for evolution that it would be unreasonable to worry about a few missing links.

Question 915

sinister or ghostly in a way that causes fear and unease.

Answer 915

spooky ## Footnote "I bet this place is really spooky late at night"

Question 916

the belief that after you die you can be born again as a different person, animal, or thing

Answer 916

**Reincarnation** ## Footnote **also Metempsychosis​** the cycle of death and reincarnation

Question 917

The Aboriginal rock art of Australia has featured X-ray figures showing the internal anatomy of humans and animals for ....years.

Answer 917

4,000

Question 918

to sleep lightly for a short time

Answer 918

snooze /snuːz/ Dad was snoozing in his armchair. "you snooze, you lose", a proverb that means if you don't remain aware or open to communication you will miss out on a great opportunity" =sleep, doze, nap, catnap, forty winks (informal), siesta, kip

Question 919

hostility to or prejudice against Jews

Answer 919

AntiSemitism Himmler, Goebbels and Goering jockery for position while the Nazis rise to control Germany and plot to launch their vicious antisemitic programs. (Hitler's circle of Evil, S01E04)

Question 920

known to be real and what somebody claims it is and not a copy

Answer 920

**authentic** ## Footnote I don't know if the painting is **authentic**. =genuine, original, authenticated, valid antonym: fake

Question 921

Israel's internal security service.

Answer 921

Shin Bet (also Shabak) ## Footnote It is one of three principal organizations of the Israeli intelligence community, alongside Aman (military intelligence) and the Mossad (foreign intelligence service).

Question 922

was a pogrom against Jews carried out by SA paramilitary forces and civilians throughout Nazi Germany on 9–10 November 1938.

Answer 922

Kristallnacht (night of broken glass) also called the November Pogrom, a coordinated attack was made on Jews and their property. Kristallnacht refers to the shattered glass that was left after that night of savage violence. The pretext for this first mass outburst of anti-Semitic hysteria in Germany was the assassination in Paris of a German diplomat, Ernst vom Rath, by a young German Jew, Hirsch Grynszpan. Grynszpan was enraged by the deportation of his parents from Germany to Poland by the SS, the elite military force within the Nazi Party. The assassination took place in early November.

Question 923

an opportunity or occasion of seeing a holy person or the image of a deity.

Answer 923

darshan ## Footnote "Hindus attach great importance to a darshan, or view, of a saint or holy image"

Question 924

a red-orange pigment found in plants and fruits, especially carrots and colorful vegetables. The human body converts it into vitamin A. (retinol)

Answer 924

Beta carotene Greek "beta" and Latin "carota" (carrot) Formula: C40H56 benefit: antioxidant, healthy skin and mucus membranes, boost immune system, and good eye health and vision.

Question 925

the process of breathing

Answer 925

**respiration** ## Footnote Respiration is usually an involuntary, automatic action that allows us to take in the oxygen we need from the air and exhale carbon dioxide. These gases are exchanged in the pulmonary alveoli. =breathing, inhalation, exhalation

Question 926

Saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol are......... found in many food products and are the ones to be careful of eating because of the health risks they can cause including heart disease and obesity.

Answer 926

the bad fats ## Footnote Most bad fats, such as gravy, butter, and margarine, are solid at room temperature. There are two kinds of good fats, monounsaturated fat and polyunsaturated fat.

Question 927

​a doctor who studies and treats the diseases of the eye

Answer 927

**ophthalmologist** ## Footnote I'd been at the Western for a year as a junior **ophthalmologist.** Greek ophthalmos \< Indo-European, "see"]

Question 928

acting or existing in fact but without legal sanction

Answer 928

**de facto** ## Footnote - Batista emerged the **de facto** leader of Cuba. - the **de facto** rules of the country =actual, genuine, effective, existing, real

Question 929

the shame or disgrace attached to something regarded as socially unacceptable

Answer 929

stigma ## Footnote how far have we come in finding a cure for HIV and battling the stigma? = shame, disgrace, dishonor, humiliation

Question 930

something important that must be done first or needs more attention than anything else

Answer 930

**priority**/praɪˈɒrəti/ ## Footnote Organize your life so quality sleep is a priority. The amount is not as important as the quality of sleep.

Question 931

a country that is controlled and protected by a more powerful country

Answer 931

**protectorate** - At the end of the war against Spanish Army in Cuba in 1989, previously a spanish colony, Cuba was now an American **protectorate**. - a British **protectorate** =dominion, colony, dependency, region, territory, satellite

Question 932

He had discovered plant cells , it was him who coined the term "cells":

Answer 932

Robert Hooke (1635–1703) ## Footnote Pioneering microscopists showed that living things are made up of much smaller units, which Robert Hooke, likened to the cells, or rooms, of monks in a monastery. The term “cells” has been used ever since.

Question 933

very common in a particular place or among a particular group

Answer 933

**prevalent** ## Footnote This negative attitude is surprisingly prevalent among young boys. the prevalent diseases in Western society

Question 934

the eighth and most important avatar (=god in human form) of the god Vishnu.

Answer 934

Krishna Sanskrit: कृष्ण, literally "the Black One" pic: Krishna Statue at the Sri Mariamman Temple (Singapore). playing a flute

Question 935

a Cuban politician who is currently serving as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, the most senior position in the communist state, succeeding his brother Fidel Castro in April 2011.

Answer 935

**Raúl Castro** (1931-Present) ## Footnote Raul Castro ensured the army's grasp on power. Under his leadership, the military controlled large past of Cuba's economy and foreign trade.

Question 936

to deal with only a very small part of a subject or problem

Answer 936

scratch the surface ## Footnote There is so many different ways of meditation can influence the body and the brain and we're really just beginning to **scratch the surface**. I think we have only scratched the surface of this problem.

Question 937

increase rapidly

Answer 937

Soar ## Footnote in 1973, US dollar weakens with economic recession, just as the Middle East explodes into chaos, and oil price soar.

Question 938

Pose name?

Answer 938

Downward-facing Dog **Adho** **mukha** **svana**sana (Sanskrit: अधोमुखश्वानासन) adhas (अधस्) meaning 'down', mukha (मुख) meaning 'face', śvāna (श्वान) meaning 'dog',

Question 939

render (something) poorer in quality by adding another substance, typically an inferior one تقلبی

Answer 939

**adulterated** ## Footnote In an effort to crack down on food fraud, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency zeroed in on honey imports and found about 22 per cent of samples were 'adulterated' with cheaper sugars like rice and sugar cane syrup. antonym: pure

Question 940

without a clear outline; not clear

Answer 940

**blurry** ## Footnote For some people, there is a line as to what extent they are willing to go to get the best for themselves. For others, the line is **blurry** and sometimes even non-existent. Where the line is **blurry** or does not exist is where dark psychology begins. / **blurry**, distorted photographs =fuzzy, blurred, dim, shadowy, indistinct, unclear, hazy antonym: clear

Question 941

to attack somebody with a piercing or stabbing movement with a weapon

Answer 941

thrust ## Footnote September the 1, 1939 German troops thurst deep into Polandto win a swift and absolute victory =attack, assault, offensive, push, drive, onslaught

Question 942

microbes that living in our guts

Answer 942

**microbiome**

Question 943

to relax and stop being careful and alert.

Answer 943

let one's guard down ## Footnote On the very first date, she let her guard down

Question 944

rule of speech

Answer 944

syntax if i say: "the Zoo to go let us" instead of saying: Let us go to the Zoo" ... syntax is violated

Question 945

o decide in what order you should do things, based on how important or urgent they are

Answer 945

**prioritize** /praɪˈɒrɪtaɪz/

Question 946

If you wait too long to do something, that opportunity might become unavailable. /proverb

Answer 946

you snooze, you lose!

Question 947

​(usually disapproving) tending to allow somebody to have or do whatever they want

Answer 947

**indulgent** * **indulgent** parents * an **indulgent** smile * Mothers tend to be less **indulgent** towards daughters. * She was usually very **indulgent** with him. * = permissive, kind, lenient, tolerant, generous, nonjudgmental, easygoing, understanding, forbearing (formal) antonym: strict

Question 948

the layer of living tissue just below the epidermis in human skin that contains blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands and other structures

Answer 948

**dermis** Just below **eidermis** is **dermis**, which gives skin its thickness. the dermis regulates our body's temperture and supplies the epidermis with nutrient-rich blood. (layers: epidemis, dermis, subcutanous tissue(fat) ) Greek, "outer skin" \< derma "skin"]

Question 949

preventing evil: intended to ward off evil or bad luck

Answer 949

**apotropaic** ## Footnote A winged figure from a doorway at Cyrus' palace at Pasargadae. It has been suggested that this depicts Cyrus himself, but it is more likely that it represents a protective spirit or genius of the royal palace. The crown is similar to that associated with **apotropaic** figures in the ancient Near East.(picture from Persian Mythology by JOHN R HINNELLS) =Greek apotropaios \< apotrepein "turn away" \< trepein "to turn"]

Question 950

was an Egyptian billionaire. Marwan worked as a spy for the Israeli Mossad, though some contend that he was a double agent.

Answer 950

**Ashraf Marwan** (1944-2007) ## Footnote n 2002 it became known that, during the period leading up to the October 1973 Yom Kippur War, **Marwan** spied for Israel (under the Mossad code-name "The Angel"). He was son-in-law of Egypt president **Gamal Abdul Nasser** (he married with his daughter **Mona**)

Question 951

a former American senior analyst at the Defense Intelligence Agency in the United States and a convicted spy. On September 21, 2001, she was arrested and subsequently charged with conspiracy to commit espionage for the government of Cuba. Wikipedia

Answer 951

Ana Montes ## Footnote Montes advanced rapidly through the ranks at the DIA (Defense Intelligence Agency) and became its most senior Cuban analyst. Born: February 28, 1957

Question 952

an action or change that has a very big effect

Answer 952

**drastic** ## Footnote those cultures which spread out of The Fertile Crescent, had agricultural, live-stock, and therefore leisure advantages due to the climate of that region. These advantages, when compounded over thousands of years, led to **drastic differences** in immunities & weaponry, ultimately leading to the supremacy of certain civilizations and cultures.

Question 953

​having total power; able to do anything

Answer 953

**Omnipotent** Phoebe: If I were **omnipotent** for a day, I would want, um, world peace, No more hunger, good things for the rain forest, ... and bigger boobs.

Question 954

having a major impact or effect

Answer 954

impactful ## Footnote What is the most impactful element of your diet? Calorie Balance

Question 955

pretend to be (another person) as entertainment or in order to deceive someone.

Answer 955

**impersonate** ## Footnote it's a very serious offense to **impersonate** a police officer/ There is no way to 100% identify anyone over the phone and anyone could try to **impersonate** someone else easily if they know a few details about the person. =pretend to be, personate, masquerade as, pass off, pose as

Question 956

experiencing or characterized by severe physical or mental suffering

Answer 956

**tormented** ## Footnote "he is a **tormented genius**" about "Never Look Away" movie: German artist Kurt Barnert has escaped East Germany and now lives in West Germany, but is tormented by his childhood under the Nazis and the GDR-regime. =anguished, tortured, distressed, grief-stricken, plagued, persecuted, haunted

Question 957

any Hindu religious texts containing traditional teachings on religion, such as the Mahabharata.

Answer 957

**smritis** ## Footnote The law books (dharmashastras), the epic literature of the Hindus, the mythological texts (Puranas), and even the Bhagavad Gita, the most widely known work of Hindu literature in the West, all number among the **smritis**.

Question 958

to kill large numbers of people or animals of a particular type so that they no longer exist

Answer 958

**exterminate** ## Footnote In 1980, Walter Alvarez, a geologist at the University of California, Berkeley, and his colleagues proposed that the dinosaurs had been **exterminated** by an asteroid that smashed into the Earth.(T. Rex and the Crater of Doom) =kill, eliminate, annihilate, destroy, eradicate, wipe out (informal), take out (slang), decimate, massacre, murder, assassinate, liquidate, terminate

Question 959

disease that can spread from one person to another

Answer 959

**infectious** /ɪnˈfekʃəs/ ## Footnote our emotions are infectious.

Question 960

(in ancient Mesopotamia) a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple. they are first attested in the late 3rd millennium BC and probably inspired the biblical story of the Tower of Babel

Answer 960

**Ziggurat** ## Footnote From Akkadian ziqqurratu, Notable ziggurats include the Great Ziggurat of Ur near Nasiriyah, the Ziggurat of Aqar Quf near Baghdad, the now destroyed Etemenanki in Babylon, Chogha Zanbil in Khūzestān and Sialk. Assyrian ziqquratu "pinnacle: highest point"]

Question 961

(of food) prepared according to the rules of Jewish law

Answer 961

**kosher** a kosher meal a kosher butcher/restaurant (= one that prepares or serves this food). Hebrew kāšēr "fit, proper"] =lawful, acceptable, legitimate, aboveboard, proper antonym: unlawful

Question 962

to keep someone away, or stop them doing something to you, by fighting or opposingthem

Answer 962

**fight off** ## Footnote Rather than **fighting off** disease agents (germs) in hopes of destroying them, it makes more sense to strengthen our resistance to them.

Question 963

the action of spending or using time, money, energy etc

Answer 963

expenditure ## Footnote Nutral Calorie Balance means A peson's intake of calories is the same as the expenditure of activities and body processes.

Question 964

a group of Indo-European peoples who brought the Indo-Iranian languages, a major branch of the Indo-European language family, to major parts of Eurasia in the second part of the 3rd millennium BC

Answer 964

**the Indo- Iranians** (Indo-Iranic peoples by scholars, and sometimes as Arya or Aryans) The peoples who settled in India and Persia are known as **the Indo- Iranians**. Their religion is preserved in the collection of ancient Hindu hymns, the Rig Veda, and the ancient Persian hymns, the Yashts. Their religion reflected their way of life as nomads and warriors. They delighted in the beauty of nature, yet stood in fear of its venom and apparent malice; hymns dwell on the beauty of the dawn, and the terror of the drought.(Persian Myhtology by JOHN R HINNELLS)

Question 965

one of the three main gods in the Hindu religion, who is considered to be the god of creation

Answer 965

Brahma Sanskrit: ब्रह्मा picture: A depiction of the Hindu Creator god Brahma. The god is frequently depicted with four faces representing safety, fortune, blessing, and compassion. Chiang Mai, Thailand. Shiva: the Destroyer’ and ‘the Creator’ of the universe Vishnu: the Preserver’ and is known for his many avatars

Question 966

in Mesopotamian religion, the chief god of the city of Babylon and the national god of Babylonia;

Answer 966

**Marduk** ## Footnote as such, he was eventually called simply Bel, or Lord. Originally, he seems to have been a god of thunderstorms.

Question 967

In the United States, the two major political parties, the Republicans and the Democrats, are often referred to as...

Answer 967

"the two (both) sides of the aisle" ## Footnote - Do you work both sides of te aisle? - No we only work for the Republicans in the United States.

Question 968

## Footnote noticeable or obvious

Answer 968

pronounced ## Footnote He walked for rest of his life with a pronounced limb.

Question 969

the unhappy feeling that you have when you want very much to do something that someone else does or to have something that they have.

Answer 969

**envy** /ˈenvi/ ## Footnote In the United States, the quantity of available food is the envy of the world. Yet our food quality is not as admirable given the amount of processed, high-sugar food we eat—food that also contains herbicides, pesticides, hormones, additives, antibiotics and other less-than-healthy elements.

Question 970

in a way that is experienced in the imagination through the actions of another person

Answer 970

vicariously ## Footnote fear can be born through firsthand exprience like feeling pain or informationally through stories. we can also learn fear vicariously by watching others expirencing fear. It's called "**Social Fear transmission**"

Question 971

.... ideas, activities etc are secret and intended to damage or destroy a government or an established system

Answer 971

subversive ## Footnote He was engaged in subversive activities

Question 972

A written, formal, and consistent set of rules prescribing righteous behavior, accepted by a person or by a group of people.

Answer 972

**Moral code** ## Footnote There is no society without some **moral code**.

Question 973

a Hypothesis suggested that chimps have a much superior short term memory relative to humans beacuase we human had to develop Language

Answer 973

The Cognitive Tradeoff Hypothesis

Question 974

all the material in the cell of a living thing except the nucleus (=central part)

Answer 974

**Cytoplasm** ## Footnote the complex of chemical compounds and structures within a plant or animal cell excluding the nucleus. Cytoplasm contains the cytosol, organelles, vesicles, and cytoskeleton. from Greek cyto- "cell" +-plasma "something molded or created"

Question 975

someone who behaves or thinks in a way that is typical of someone much younger – used to show disapproval

Answer 975

immature ## Footnote Immature, a word boring people use to describe fun people! SYN childish

Question 976

a well-known statement about what often happens in life

Answer 976

saying ## Footnote Eat real food—food you can pronounce. Avoid foods that have ingredients too complex to read. There is a **saying**: "If your grandmother wouldn't know what it is, don't eat it."

Question 977

when people do something that’s sure to cause self-harm, whether it’s emotional or physical.

Answer 977

self-destructive behavior

Question 978

to ruin completely, break,

Answer 978

bust in this course, we bust the dietary myths =break, smash, shatter, burst, rupture, fracture, damage antonym: mend

Question 979

a relationship or situation that is rocky is difficult and may not continue or be successful

Answer 979

rocky ## Footnote They had a really rocky relationship. she couldn't get to him =difficult, troubled, uncertain, not easy, hard, trying, strenuous, tough antonym: easy

Question 980

in Norse mythology, the king of the gods.

Answer 980

Odin ## Footnote He made the universe, and is also the god of war and wisdom. In German mythology his name is Wotan, and in Anglo-Saxon mythology his name is Woden. Odin, father and ruler of the Norse gods, always wore his golden helmet and carried his magic sword. His two ravens, Huginn ("Thought") and Muninn ("Memory"), bring him news from all over, and his two wolves, Geri ("Greedy") and Freki ("Gobbler") wait at his feet.

Question 981

to have been made in or to have come into being in (a certain time in the past)

Answer 981

date back to ## Footnote The modern study of anatomy dates back to the Renaissance period, in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Question 982

Born in Italy around 1451, Found cuba while seaching for a westward route to India and China

Answer 982

Christopher Columbus

Question 983

An animal or person that eats a variety of food of both plant and animal origin.

Answer 983

Omnivore latin: omnis : all, + vorare :swallow ‘It is important to realize that, though Primates are viewed as omnivorous, they are omnivores of a very particular type in that the great majority of their foods each day come from plants.’ **Herbivore**: an animal that feeds on plants **carnivore:** an animal that feeds on flesh.

Question 984

the sugar in milk

Answer 984

**lactose**

Question 985

expressing or involving prolonged thought

Answer 985

.contemplative ## Footnote "she regarded me with a contemplative eye"

Question 986

watchful and alert, especially to guard against danger, difficulties, or errors

Answer 986

vigilant ## Footnote Please **remain vigilant** at all times and report anything suspicious. =watchful, on your guard, attentive, alert, wary, cautious, observant, heedful, on the alert, aware antonym: slack

Question 987

careful to do everything that it is your job or duty to do

Answer 987

conscientious ## Footnote He is a very consientious man and fastidious man

Question 988

relating to physical and mental activity: relating to bodily movement triggered by mental activity, especially voluntary muscle action

Answer 988

psychomotor ## Footnote Meditation acutely improves psychomotor vigilance, and may decrease sleep need.” Behavioral and Brain Functions 6: 47.

Question 989

a German politician and a leading member of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany. Appointed **The Deputy Führer** to Adolf Hitler in 1933, He served in that position until 1941, when he flew solo to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate peace with the United Kingdom during World War II.

Answer 989

Rudolf Hess ## Footnote young idealist Rudolf Hess was the first disciple of Hitler and a founding member of the inner circle

Question 990

to kill all the members of a group of people or animals

Answer 990

**exterminate** (sb/sth) ## Footnote A hundred years after Columbus's landing, the natives of Caribbean had been all but **exterminated**. =kill, eliminate, annihilate, destroy, eradicate, wipe out (informal), take out (slang), decimate, massacre, murder, assassinate, liquidate, terminate

Question 991

one of the later Hindu or Buddhist scriptures dealing especially with techniques and rituals including meditative and sexual practices

Answer 991

Tantra (Sanskrit: तन्त्र) literally means "loom, warp, weave"

Question 992

a formal investigation to determine the facts of a case

Answer 992

**inquiry** /ɪnˈkwaɪəri/ ## Footnote SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY: "Scientific **inquiry** is a deliberate way of asking and answering questions about the natural world". (Biology: How life works) =review, autopsy, investigation, examination, analysis, survey, probe, inquest, study, postmortem

Question 993

Soluble fiber

Answer 993

Soluble fiber ## Footnote Soluble fiber lowers the absorption of cholesterol, regulates blood sugar, and absorbs and removes toxic materials and carcinogens from the body. Oat bran, flax seeds, pectin (from apples), and psyllium seeds are examples of soluble fiber.

Question 994

a place that many people like to visit, especially for a particular reason

Answer 994

**mecca** ## Footnote The coast is a mecca for tourists. =center, focus, focal point, magnet, hub, seat, heart

Question 995

to treat (a dead body) so as to protect from decay

Answer 995

embalm ## Footnote Some 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians believed that a dead body remained home to its owner’s soul in the afterlife, but only if preserved as a lifelike mummy. Natron, a type of salt, was used to dry out the body to **embalm** it and stop it from rotting. syn: mummify

Question 996

if someone or a part of their body is ....., their muscles hurt and it is difficult for them to move

Answer 996

stiff ## Footnote stiff leg **stiff from doing something:** Her legs were stiff from kneeling. **stiff with:** Her fingers were stiff with cold. =aching, painful, sore, arthritic, tender

Question 997

to completely get rid of something such as a disease or a social problem

Answer 997

eradicate * **eradicate something from something** We can eradicate this disease from the world. an attempt to eradicate inflation This problem has now been completely eradicated. =eliminate, get rid of, wipe out (informal), destroy, exterminate, do away with, stamp out, remove antonym: introduce

Question 998

to cheat or trick somebody, especially by taking their money

Answer 998

**gyp** ## Footnote I felt like I was gypped, I was gypping myself.

Question 999

a series of rulers or leaders who are all from the same family, or a period when a country is ruled by them

Answer 999

dynasty ## Footnote She was born into a powerful political dynasty

Question 1000

to destroy something so that nothing remains

Answer 1000

**obliterate** ## Footnote In today’s world, where physical boundaries have been **obliterated** by the Internet and numerous other technologies, you are at an even greater risk of being preyed upon by other humans. =destroy, wipe out (informal), demolish, eliminate, eradicate, annihilate, abolish antonym: create

Question 1001

a sign that someone has an illness

Answer 1001

**symptom** /ˈsɪmptəm/ ## Footnote Modern medicine tends to look at the **symptom** and disease as one and the same so that when the **symptom** disappears, it is assumed that the disease is cured. The naturopath sees a symptom as a signal that something is wrong. They believe that when a **symptom** alone is eliminated, it is most likely suppressed. Unless the original cause is eliminated, the **symptom** may return later in a chronic form.

Question 1002

an object made out of stone, wood, clay etc by an artist

Answer 1002

sculpture ## Footnote Early humans made sculptures and cave paintings of human figures. pic"The Venus of Hohle Fels", dated to between 35,000 and 40,000 years ago

Question 1003

.... cleans the blood

Answer 1003

Liver

Question 1004

the first city in the world

Answer 1004

Jericho (in west bank "Palestine") اریحا ## Footnote The city of **Eridu**, close to Uruk, was considered the first city in the world by the Sumerians while other cities which lay claim to the title of `first city' are **Byblos**, **Jericho**, **Damascus**, **Aleppo**, **Jerusalem**, **Sidon**, **Luoyang**, **Athens**, **Argos**, and **Varasani**.

Question 1005

a journey that a religious person makes to a holy place

Answer 1005

**pilgrimage** /ˈpɪlɡrɪmɪdʒ/ ## Footnote Perhaps the most obvious elements we can use to identify and compare religions are the observances of a faith. These includes such activities as prayer, **pilgrimage**, meditation, feasting and fasting, dress, and of course ceremonies and rituals. =journey, trip, visit, hajj, tour, excursion

Question 1006

an area on your body that is swollen, red, and painful because of an infection or injury

Answer 1006

**inflammation** ## Footnote Steroid creams help to reduce **inflammation** on your skin.

Question 1007

to move people from a place of danger to a safer place

Answer 1007

**evacuate** ## Footnote -On April 1986 the nearby nuclear power station of Chernobyl exploded, and in less than 48 hours the city was **evacuated**. No one has lived here since. =empty, abandon, withdraw from, leave, vacate, relinquish, clear antonym: fill

Question 1008

a decrease in the quality, quantity, or importance of something

Answer 1008

decline ## Footnote As Rome’s power declined, medical knowledge spread east to Persia, developed by physicians such as Avicenna (980–1037 CE). OPP: increase

Question 1009

god of Zoroastrianism: the creator god in Zoroastrianism, and the opponent of Ahriman

Answer 1009

**Ahura Mazda** ## Footnote This motif appears at the palace of Persepolis and thereafter in most forms of Zoroastrian Persian art down to the present day. The wings and central ring were based on Egyptian and Mesopotamian prototypes. Western scholars have usually interpreted this as a symbol of **Ahura Mazda** holding the ring of cosmic sovereignty with his hand raised in the traditional gesture of blessing. Parsis and some recent scholars doubt if this symbolises God himself, but rather the divine grace men seek and, on royal reliefs, the glory and power particularly associated with the divinely appointed monarch.(Persian Mythology by JOHN R HINNELLS)

Question 1010

A chemical element or substance required in trace amounts for the normal growth and development of living organisms.

Answer 1010

**micronutrient** ## Footnote explain the difference between **macronutrients** and **micronutrients** "Greek mikros=small, Latin nutrire=nourish"

Question 1011

1-More calories IN than OUT over time = 2-More calories OUT than IN over time =

Answer 1011

**1-weight gain** **2-weight loss**

Question 1012

struggle to deal with or comprehend something

Answer 1012

grapple ## Footnote Who are we? Why are we here? Why do we suffer? Humans have grappled with these questions since time immemorial. Philosophers, spiritual leaders, scientists, and artists have all weighed in on them. In Western philosophy, the best answer to the question of who we are is that thinking is the defining characteristic of humanity. There is no more concise example of this than philosopher René Descartes' famous statement cogito, ergo sum, or, “I think, therefore I am.”

Question 1013

when something blocks a road, passage, tube etc, or the thing that blocks

Answer 1013

**obstruction** /əbˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n/ ## Footnote Obstructions to healing can be physical and nonphysical. Unhealthy thinking patterns such as guilt, anger, or anxiety can also prevent healing. No one is sure why this happens, but one theory is that negative thinking might involve the mind using nerve cells that limit processes, which aid in healing.

Question 1014

remote: a great distance away

Answer 1014

**faraway (far away)** ## Footnote What about stars, which are so **far away** that, by the time their light reaches us and we can see them, they may have fizzled out? =remote, far-off, far-flung, outlying, distant, far antonym: nearby

Question 1015

considering a person or thing as a whole, rather than as separate parts

Answer 1015

**holistic** ## Footnote a **holistic** approach to cancer In this certificate program, you'll gain a **holistic** overview of current food and nutrition issues and their impact on physical, social, emotional, and spiritual health.

Question 1016

dressed in clothes that are too formal for the occasion

Answer 1016

overdressed Ego is just an overdressed insecurity. OPP underdressed

Question 1017

the first artificial Earth satellite.

Answer 1017

**Sputnik** 1 ## Footnote Launch On October 4th, 1957, **Sputnik** 1 was the size of a beach ball with four antenna sticking out. It takes just 1 watt to run its radio transmitter. It circled the Earth once every 96 minutes.

Question 1018

accept standards that are lower than is desirable

Answer 1018

compromise She admitted that she was unable to compromise.

Question 1019

intended to deceive people in an illegal way, in order to gain money, power etc

Answer 1019

**fraudulent** ## Footnote If depressed people and those with low self-esteem find that they’re successful, or that people like them, they tend to feel **fraudulent.:"**They don’t know the real me. I just got lucky on that test; I’m really not that good." Feeling insecure and **fraudulent**, they typically reject love or success;

Question 1020

the act of becoming involved in an argument, fight, or other difficult situation in order to change what happens

Answer 1020

**intervention** /ˌɪntə(r)ˈvenʃ(ə)n/ ## Footnote Unless you learn to notice and be annoyed by early stages of illness, you will lose your chances of managing your body through its changes, and you will become dependent on outside help and **interventions**, which can be costly.

Question 1021

It’s your body’s main stress hormone. It works with certain parts of your brain to control your mood, motivation, and fear.

Answer 1021

**cortisol** /ˈkɔːtɪsɒl/ ## Footnote Acute stress increases **cortisol** levels that in turn increase the production of the chemical neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the brain. NPY is believed to be responsible for cravings for carbohydrate-rich foods (especially sweet food)

Question 1022

contribute something as one's share of a joint activity, cost, etc

Answer 1022

**chip in** ## Footnote If everyone chips in we'll be able to buy her a really nice present. We each chipped in (with) £5.

Question 1023

to speak or act officially for another person, group, or organization

Answer 1023

represent ## Footnote My lawyer will represent me in court.

Question 1024

It's a type of cannabinoid, which are the chemicals naturally found in marijuana plants. Even though it comes from marijuana plants, It doesn't create a “high” effect or any form of intoxication — that's caused by another cannabinoid, known as THC.

Answer 1024

CBD | (Cannabidiol)

Question 1025

one of several types of fatty substances in living things, such as fat, oil, or wax

Answer 1025

lipid Lipids, or fats, are one of the nutrient groups vital to the human body. A lipid is a naturally occurring chemical compound that cannot be dissolved in water. Greek lipos "fat, grease" (see lipo-) + chemical suffix -ide.

Question 1026

to talk about (something, such as an idea) with (someone) in an informal way in order to get an opinion

Answer 1026

bounce off ## Footnote I wanted to bounce some ideas off you before the meeting.

Question 1027

the speed of something that is moving in a particular direction

Answer 1027

velocity ## Footnote the velocity of light/ 225 miles per hour (360 km/h) THE VELOCITY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM'S SIGNALS.

Question 1028

there are 8 unique innate aversions selected to engender panic in us by evolution over millions of year. They come pre-learned in our DNA and include:

Answer 1028

1- pain 2- suffocation 3- isolation 4- unknown/ abnormal 5- falling 6- disease 7- sudden movement 8- incapacitation

Question 1029

in an unwilling and hesitant way

Answer 1029

**reluctantly** /rɪˈlʌktəntli/ ## Footnote "He **reluctantly** agrees to do his duty" The religions of the modern world continued to evolve with advances in society, sometimes **reluctantly**, and often by dividing into branches.

Question 1030

introducing new ideas or methods

Answer 1030

Groundbreaking ## Footnote She was honored for her groundbreaking work in nuclearphysics. =revolutionary, innovative, pioneering, radical, trailblazing, brand-new, cutting-edge, leading-edge antonym: old hat (informal)

Question 1031

someone who believes in the ideas of a great teacher or leader, especially a religious one

Answer 1031

disciple ## Footnote young Idealist Rudolf Hess becomes a first disciple of Hitler.

Question 1032

Like veganism, it excludes all foods of animal origin. Then it adds the concept or raw foodism, which dictates that foods should be eaten completely rawor heated at temperatures below 104–118°F (40–48°C)

Answer 1032

Raw Vegan Diet

Question 1033

a cold aloof person

Answer 1033

cold fish when **Bill Clinton visited moscow; he found putin a cold fish**

Question 1034

strange, unfamiliar, or a little surprising

Answer 1034

peculiar ## Footnote There was a peculiar smell in the kitchen. Something peculiar is going on. **It** seems very peculiar **that** no one noticed Kay had gone. The peculiar way our brains store memories =odd, strange, weird, unusual, irregular, abnormal, uncharacteristic, atypical, curious, eccentric, unconventional antonym: normal

Question 1035

short and heavy and looks strong

Answer 1035

**stocky** ## Footnote Neanderthals were short and **stocky**, with brad chest, bulky torso and muscular limbs.

Question 1036

a weakness in spite of overall strength, which can lead to downfall. While the mythological origin refers to a physical vulnerability, idiomatic references to other attributes or qualities that can lead to downfall are common.

Answer 1036

Achilles heel ## Footnote While the mythological origin refers to a physical vulnerability, idiomatic references to other attributes or qualities that can lead to downfall are common.

Question 1037

one of the symbolic hand gestures used in religious ceremonies and dances of India and in yoga

Answer 1037

**mudra** ## Footnote From Sanskrit मुद्रा (mudrā, “seal”).

Question 1038

the state or quality of a material or membrane that causes it to allow liquids or gases to pass through it.

Answer 1038

**permeability** /ˌpərmēəˈbilədē/ ## Footnote Stress increases the production of free radicals in the body and it is Changing the **permeability** of the cell membrane (possibly allowing viruses and bacteria to enter the cell)

Question 1039

a nutrient-rich food considered to be especially beneficial for health and well-bein

Answer 1039

superfood ## Footnote The second part of the course will be dedicated to introducing superfoods. We will share a list of foods that improve your life and reduce the risk of disease.

Question 1040

**death instinct**: the universal death instinct theorized by **Sigmund Freud**

Answer 1040

**Thanatos** ## Footnote Freud had to invent the **death instinct (Thanatos)**, a primal force within us that drives us to destruction. That’s an idea that has generally been abandoned for lack of evidence.(rewire by Richard O'Connor)

Question 1041

relating to the movement of blood around your body

Answer 1041

circulatory system ## Footnote The heart, usually thought of as the wellspring of love and the emotions, is actually the engine of the circulatory system.

Question 1042

a Cuban poet, philosopher, essayist, journalist, translator, professor, and publisher, who is considered a Cuban national hero because of his role in the liberation of his country, and he was an important figure in Latin American literature.

Answer 1042

**José Martí** (1853-1895) ## Footnote José Martí was a writer and political activist who is a symbol to all Cubans of Cuba’s aspirations to be independent. He was killed in 1895 in a skirmish with Spanish soldiers.

Question 1043

(of two or more people) in agreement.

Answer 1043

**on the same page** ## Footnote The best way to get someone **on the same page** as you is to Make them laugh

Question 1044

a break or crack in a bone

Answer 1044

**fracture** ## Footnote She was admitted to hospital with fractures of both legs.

Question 1045

an Arab pagan physician who lived in the same time and region as the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Answer 1045

**نَضر بن حارث** ## Footnote یکی از بزرگان عرب مکه در دورهٔ صدر اسلام و از معدود اعراب باسواد و پزشک بود در جنگ بدر اکبر، ابن حارث اسیر شد، محمّد تا او را دید دستور قتل داد، و علی بن ابیطالب گردن او را زد. پدرش در دانشگاه جندی‌شاپور در ایران دوره ساسانی درس پزشکی خوانده بود. وی نیز پزشک بود و در حجاز پزشکی میکرد. داستان های پارسی رستم و اسفندیار را برای مردمان میخواند و میگفت محمد درباره اساطیر مردمان باستان سخن میگوید و سخن ها از وی نیست.

Question 1046

a 1925 autobiographical manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. The work describes the process by which Hitler became antisemitic and outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany.

Answer 1046

Mein Kampf (My Struggle) ## Footnote Adolf Hitler in Prison wrote a book in which he blamed Germany's ills on the Jews and demanded that it rebuilds its strength and seek new territories in the East.

Question 1047

in the Bible, the first man, created by God

Answer 1047

**Adam** ## Footnote Adam is a figure in the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible, and in the Quran and Christian belief. According to the creation myth of the Abrahamic religions, he was the first man. from Hebrew adam "man," literally "(the one formed from the) ground" (Hebrew adamah "ground"); compare Latin homo "man," humanus "human," humus "earth, ground, soil."

Question 1048

the domino effect

Answer 1048

the domino effect

Question 1049

something that you think is more important than other things and should be dealt with first

Answer 1049

**priority** ## Footnote a high/low priority Education is a top priority. Our first priority is to improve standards. =importance, precedence, urgency, import, significance, primacy

Question 1050

a condition of chronic undernourishment occurring especially in children and usually caused by a diet deficient in calories and proteins

Answer 1050

marasmus Marasmus is a combined protein-energy deficiency resulting from starvation

Question 1051

a type of round green vegetable, which has buds with leaves that you eat, which are like the petals of a flower

Answer 1051

**artichoke** ## Footnote (also "globe/french/green" artichoke) کنگر فرنگی

Question 1052

relating to or characterized by the belief that there is only one God.

Answer 1052

**monotheistic** ## Footnote Some religions, for example, have a number of gods, while others, especially the more modern major faiths, are **monotheistic**; and there are major differences of opinion between religions on such matters as the afterlife.

Question 1053

having a moral or legal duty to do something

Answer 1053

**obligated** (to do something) ## Footnote He felt **obligated** to help. =indebted, obliged, grateful, thankful, in somebody's debt, beholden, owing a favor, appreciative antonym: ungrateful

Question 1054

looking or sounding very serious

Answer 1054

grim ## Footnote Meditation isn't sth you do as a grim duty. The trouble with religion is that it is so mixed up with grim duties =stern, serious, dour, severe, morose, surly, unkind antonym: kind

Question 1055

Brussels Sprouts

Answer 1055

Brussels Sprouts ## Footnote Green, leafy vegetables like cabbage, broccoli, spinach, and **Brussels sprouts** are some foods that can help fight against cancer.

Question 1056

(of a substance) become concentrated inside the bodies of living things.

Answer 1056

**bioaccumulate** /ˌbīōəˈkyo͞omyəlāt/ ## Footnote "mercury has **bioaccumulated** in the fish"/ food that also contains herbicides, pesticides, hormones, additives, antibiotics and other less-than-healthy elements. These toxins become stored in the body ("**bioaccumulate**") and compromise/stress the immune system, leading to a host of health-related problems.

Question 1057

comprises the large or giant animals of an area, habitat, or geological period.

Answer 1057

Megagfauna ## Footnote from Greek μέγας megas "large" and New Latin fauna "animal life") A whole human skeleton surrended by the bones of Ice Age Megafauna has never been found before. Naia was found in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico in 2007. oldest, most complete and genetically intact human skeleton in the New World" (America continent)

Question 1058

somebody who tries to be like somebody else or to belong to a specific group (informal disapproving)

Answer 1058

wannabe ## Footnote a teenager wannabe soldier, Heinrich Himmler, finds the chance to fight for his crazy ideals.

Question 1059

​(North American English) one of the parts into which a town or city is divided in order to organize elections

Answer 1059

**precinct** Now, each of those states were broken down by precinct. **=**zone, district, area, sector, quarter, division, ward, borough

Question 1060

to make a particular idea, image, or feeling appear in people’s minds by describing an event or situation, or by talking about a person

Answer 1060

invoke Weather and the seasons, creation, life, death and the afterlife, and the structure of the cosmos were all subject to religious explanations that invoked controlling gods, or a realm outside the visible inhabited by deities and mythical creatures.

Question 1061

the fact of being untrue, incorrect, or insincere

Answer 1061

falsity ## Footnote Science is not about truth and falsity, It is about reducing uncertainty

Question 1062

standard unit of mass in astronomy

Answer 1062

The solar mass ( M ☉) ## Footnote A solar mass is the mass of the sun. Astronomers use a solar mass as a basic unit of mass.

Question 1063

(chiefly of drugs) causing increased passing of urine

Answer 1063

**diuretic**/ˌdʌɪjʊ(ə)ˈrɛtɪk/ ## Footnote As a well-documented **diuretic**, caffeine has been widely reported to decrease vitamin D and calcium uptake as well as decrease bone mineral density.

Question 1064

a sudden and surprising moment of understanding

Answer 1064

**epiphany** ## Footnote She had an **epiphany** and realized it was time to leave her job and become a full-time artist.

Question 1065

to teach someone a subject or skill

Answer 1065

instruct ## Footnote All children are instructed in the use of the library. =teach, train, coach, tutor, educate, drill, inculcate, initiate

Question 1066

relating to or denoting glands which secrete hormones or other products directly into the blood.

Answer 1066

endocrine glands /ˈendəkrən/ ## Footnote The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system consisting of hormones, the group of glands of an organism that secrete those hormones directly into the circulatory system to regulate the function of distant target organs, and the feedback loops which modulate hormone release so that homeostasis is maintained

Question 1067

the science of the action of food, beverages, and their components in biological systems.

Answer 1067

Nutrition

Question 1068

an old object or custom that reminds people of the past or that has lived on from a past time

Answer 1068

relic ## Footnote Roman relics found in a field/ We know about the religions of the earliest societies from the relics they left behind and from the stories of later civilizations.

Question 1069

Following ................ leads to liberation in the form of nirvana: Just this noble eightfold path: right view, right aspiration, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration.

Answer 1069

**the Noble Eightfold Path** ## Footnote There is also often an ethical element, with rules of conduct and taboos, and a social element that defines the institutions of the religion and of the society it is associated with. Such rules are typically concise— the Ten Commandments of Judaism and Christianity, or **the Noble Eightfold Path** of Buddhism, for example.

Question 1070

the action or fact of winning support by exciting the emotions of ordinary people rather than by having good or morally right ideas

Answer 1070

**Demagogue** /ˈdem.ə.ɡɑː.ɡi/ ## Footnote What the Nazis themselves claimed to be their chief discovery-the role of the Jewish people in world politics and their chief interest-persecution of Jews all over the world-have been regarded by public opinion as a pretext for winning the masses or an interesting device of **demagogy**. (The Origins of Totalitarianism. pg:3 ادم عوام فریب، هوچی، عوام فریب

Question 1071

to think carefully and deeply about something

Answer 1071

**ruminate** **ruminate on/over/about** He sat alone, **ruminating on the injustice** of the world. =ponder, think over, reflect, cogitate (formal), meditate, mull over, deliberate, contemplate, muse, chew over

Question 1072

to end a romantic relationship with somebody /informal

Answer 1072

**dump** (somebody) ## Footnote Did you hear he's **dumped** his girlfriend?

Question 1073

A thesis that people's cultural, and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post-cold war world.

Answer 1073

clash of civilizations ## Footnote The american political scientist Samuel P Huntington argued that future wars would be fought not between countries,but between cultures,

Question 1074

to pay money back to someone when their money has been spent or lost

Answer 1074

reimburse The company will reimburse you for travel expenses

Question 1075

generous: giving or spending generously or to excess

Answer 1075

**lavish** Her wealthy father paid for a **lavish** honeymoon in New York. **=**lush, luxuriant, luxurious, copious, abundant, rich antonym: sparse

Question 1076

A type of food (e.g. fat, protein, carbohydrate) required in large amounts in the diet.

Answer 1076

macronutrient ## Footnote explain the difference between **macronutrients** and **micronutrients** "Greek makros= large, long, inclusive, Latin nutrire=nourish"

Question 1077

destructive spirit in the dualistic doctrine of Zoroastrianism.

Answer 1077

**Angra Mainyu** انگره‌مَینیو ## Footnote All men, zoroaster taught, must choose for themselves between the forces of good and evil. Ahura Mazda, he preached, was wholly good. Everything in life which is evil emanates from Mazda's opposing spirit, his twin power in the universe, **Angra Mainyu**, the Destructive Spirit. Life in this world is caught up in the cosmic battle between them.(Persian Mythology By JOHN R HINNELLS)

Question 1078

a part of the long-term memory that is responsible for knowing how to do things, also known as motor skills.

Answer 1078

Procedural memory

Question 1079

a type of cell that makes up the nervous system and sends messages to other parts of the body or the brain

Answer 1079

neuron ## Footnote a grayish or reddish granular cell that is the fundamental functional unit of nervous tissue transmitting and receiving nerve impulses and having cytoplasmic processes which are highly differentiated frequently as multiple dendrites or usually as solitary axons which conduct impulses to and away from the cell body SYN nerve cell

Question 1080

likely or able to cause cancer

Answer 1080

**carcinogenic** /ˌkɑː(r)sɪnəˈdʒenɪk/ ## Footnote Eat organic foods as much as possible. Find ways to reduce or eliminate the consumption of pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, and fertilizers found in and on produce and dairy foods. Many of these are toxic and/or **carcinogenic**.

Question 1081

are those that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be derived from the diet

Answer 1081

**Essential nutrient** ## Footnote **Diet** is the food people eat. **Nutrition** refers to the ingestion of foods and their relationship to health. **Nutrients** are chemicals in food that are used by the body for growth, maintenance, and energy. **Essential nutrients** are those that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be derived from the diet

Question 1082

riminal; extremely bad

Answer 1082

**nefarious** The Russian didn't hack Facebook, what they did was they used the tools that Facebook created for legitimate advetisers abd legitimate users, and they applied it to a **nefarious** purpose.(The Social Dilemma documentary) **=**wicked, evil, despicable, immoral, reprehensible, disreputable, degenerate, infamous, perverse antonym: reputable

Question 1083

a country in the southwest Pacific Ocean, north of Australia, Capital: Port Moresby.

Answer 1083

**New Guinea** ## Footnote Jared Diamond’s first trip to New Guinea was an adventurous one. Upon arrival, he quickly realized that the “primitive” New Guineans were in many ways MUCH smarter than he was. Though one local politician asked him, “Why do you white people have so much cargo?” Meaning – material goods. Good question. Why did European cultures spread as they did?

Question 1084

food or the substances in food that are necessary for life, growth, and health

Answer 1084

**nourishment** ## Footnote Some believe that people are forced to overfeed themselves in order to get a little nourishment because foods are not as nutritionally complete as they were a hundred or more years ago.

Question 1085

count or calculate something

Answer 1085

**reckon** ## Footnote The age of the earth is reckoned at about 4.6 billion years. My debts were reckoned at $12 000. **=**calculate, add up, total, tote up (US, informal), count, number, tot up, estimate, figure

Question 1086

an area of your body that has become larger than normal, because of illness or injury

Answer 1086

swelling ## Footnote **swelling in/on:** a painless swelling in his neck The spider’s bite can cause pain and swelling. These tablets should **reduce the swelling**. =bulge, bump, puffiness, inflammation, distension, enlargement, engorgement, growth, blister, bunion, boil, abscess, protuberance

Question 1087

the practice of obeying a law or rule, or of doing something according to a tradition

Answer 1087

**observance** ## Footnote Perhaps the most obvious elements we can use to identify and compare religions are the **observances** of a faith. =adherence, compliance, observation, execution, performance, fulfillment, obedience antonym: violation

Question 1088

In biology, the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems

Answer 1088

homeostasis homeostasis Represents a ‘‘**control of sameness**’’ or relative constancy of the body’s internal environment هم ایستایی

Question 1089

a supporter of a set of ideas, an organization, or a person

Answer 1089

**adherent** ## Footnote **adherents** of Islam / Hare Krishnas, the most visible sign of Hinduism's spread to the West, emphatically declare that they do not view themselves as Hindus. The word "Hindu" itself is not of Indian origin, and Hindus did not describe themselves as such until the 18th century. Yet, Hinduism's **adherents** characterize it as the world's oldest faith.

Question 1090

the large muscle between your lungs and your stomach that helps you breathe

Answer 1090

**diaphragm** /ˈdaɪəfræm/ ## Footnote The correct way to breathe effectively is using the **diaphragm**, a muscle separating the chest from the abdomen. Contractions and relaxation of the **diaphragm** force the flow of air in and out of the lungs. When one inhales, the **diaphragm** moves downward, giving the lungs more room to expand. When one exhales, the **diaphragm** moves upward helping you to force the air out of the lungs. from Greek, from dia ‘through, apart’ + phragma ‘a fence’.

Question 1091

precise and painstaking: extremely careful and precise

Answer 1091

meticulous ## Footnote after a year of meticulous planning, the final pieces are falling into place. careful, scrupulous, thorough, particular, painstaking, fussy, finicky, duteous antonym: careless

Question 1092

an injured area of skin on your body, caused by your skin rubbing hard against something

Answer 1092

**abrasion** /əˈbreɪʒ(ə)n/ ## Footnote inflammation is the body's first response to infection or irritation and is necessary to help heal acute trauma, abrasions, broken bones, or the invasion of foreign substances (such as the venom from a bee sting).

Question 1093

- to help a plan, idea, feeling etc to develop - to feed and take care of a child or a plant while it is growing

Answer 1093

nurture When you do yoga, you nurture the movement of prana—the life force.

Question 1094

a bird that is kept on a farm for its eggs and meat, for example a chickenor a duck

Answer 1094

**fowl** /faʊl/ ## Footnote (also an old word for ‘bird’) Foods that consist of essential amino acids are considered complete proteins; examples include meats, dairy, fish, fowl, and eggs as well as plant-based foods such as soy, quinoa, tempeh, tofu, miso, and edamame.

Question 1095

an organ of the body which produces a substance that the body needs, such as hormones, sweat, or saliva

Answer 1095

gland ## Footnote this community of organs that is the body—an integrated system that includes the brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, muscles, bones, skin, and endocrine glands— acts together in exquisitely regulated harmony.

Question 1096

a Chinese form of physical exercise characterized by a series of very slow and deliberate balletic body movements

Answer 1096

tai chi ## Footnote Similar astonishing effects have been found as a result of tai chi, a form of movement-based meditation. The promising effects of tai chi range from the physical (for example, lower blood pressure) to the mental (enhanced cognitive function) Chinese, literally "extreme limit"]

Question 1097

to attract someone very much, and hold their attention

Answer 1097

captivate ## Footnote Eckart isn't the only person captivated by Hitler. in the crowd is a young university student, Rudolf Hess = attract, charm, enchant, fascinate, entrance, draw antonym: repel

Question 1098

to cut up the body of a dead animal or person in order to study it

Answer 1098

dissect ## Footnote The modern study of anatomy dates back to the Renaissance period, in the 15th and 16th centuries. For the first time, it became legal to **dissect**, or cut open, a dead body to examine its parts in minute detail and make accurate drawings.

Question 1099

​impossible to achieve or reach

Answer 1099

**unattainable** ## Footnote an **unattainable** goal Setting **unattainable** goals will only lead to frustration. =unachievable, impossible, unfeasible, inaccessible, unreachable antonym: attainable

Question 1100

any of several sects of Orthodox Judaism that reject modern secular culture and many of whom do not recognize the spiritual authority of the modern state of Israel

Answer 1100

Haredi

Question 1101

to be a very good example of an idea or quality

Answer 1101

**embody** ## Footnote She embodies everything I admire in a teacher =exemplify, symbolize, represent, personify, express, stand for (embalm: preserve dead body)

Question 1102

a period of time when a person or animal is kept apart from others in case they are carrying a disease

Answer 1102

quarantine ## Footnote If you are **put under quarantine**, you should understand why, and respect it. in quarantine: The monkeys were **kept in quarantine** for 31 days. =isolation, seclusion, confinement, solitary confinement, cordon sanitaire, separation antonym: integration quar·an·tine Latin quadraginta "forty"; because ships suspected of carrying disease were refused entrance to port for 40 days]

Question 1103

to a great extent; extremely.

Answer 1103

**immensely** The president was **immensely** popular. I’m **immensely** grateful that this book is in your hands. =hugely, vastly, enormously, massively, immeasurably, greatly, incalculably, very, extremely, gigantically, colossally, infinitely

Question 1104

Defeat, to conquer or subdue by superior force, as in battle

Answer 1104

**vanquish**

Question 1105

13th-century Persian poet, jurist, Islamic scholar, theologian, and Sufi mystic originally from Greater Khorasan.

Answer 1105

Rumi

Question 1106

(MOVIE) "In Nazi-occupied France during World War II, a plan to assassinate Nazi leaders by a group of Jewish U.S. soldiers coincides with a theatre owner's vengeful plans for the same."

Answer 1106

**inglourious basterds** (2009) ## Footnote Director: Quentin Tarantino Stars: Brad Pitt, Diane Kruger, Eli Roth IMDB: 8.3/10 Rotten Tomatoes: 89%

Question 1107

**Movie** In 1904 a Russian woman named Sabina Spielrein arrives at Carl Jung's clinic, seeking treatment for hysteria. Jung is eager to test Sigmund Freud's theories on Sabina and, in fact, successfully treats her. Two years later Jung and Sabina meet Freud in person, and Jung takes over the treatment of Otto Gross, whose influence leads Jung to begin an affair with Sabina, contributing to a rift with Freud.

Answer 1107

**A Dangerous Method** ## Footnote A look at how the intense relationship between Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud gives birth to psychoanalysis. Release date: 2011 Director: David Cronenberg Stars: Michael Fassbender, Keira Knightley, Viggo Mortensen IMDB: 6.4

Question 1108

any of the small air spaces in the lungs where carbon dioxide leaves the blood and oxygen enters it

Answer 1108

pulmonary alveoli ## Footnote Respiration is usually an involuntary, automatic action that allows us to take in the oxygen we need from the air and exhale carbon dioxide. These gases are exchanged in the pulmonary alveoli.

Question 1109

3 Different states of Calorie Balance

Answer 1109

1. Negative Calorie Balamce(Burning more Calorie than consumes=losing weight) 2. Netural Calorie Balamce(Burning as much as getting) 3. Positive Calorie Balamce(Burning less than getting)

Question 1110

extremely dirty

Answer 1110

**filthy** * The bathroom was absolutely **filthy** * The inside of the oven was **filthy**. * We didn't go swimming because the water looked **filthy**. * You ought to wash that sweatshirt - it's absolutely **filthy**. **=**dirty, grimy, muddy, mucky (informal), soiled, grubby, messy antonym: clean

Question 1111

The massive network of cells and connections in your brain is called The:

Answer 1111

**Neuroverse**

Question 1112

the small black round area in the middle of your eye

Answer 1112

pupil Light enters the eyes through your pupils, and is focussed on the back of the eye, called the retina مردمک چشم

Question 1113

(offensive term) ​a person who acts in a strange or crazy way

Answer 1113

**kook** ## Footnote I am responsible, I am organized but hey I can be a kook.

Question 1114

a doctrine during cold war: if one side launches an attack so does the other; the final resault we all die

Answer 1114

M.A.D (Mutual Assured Destruction)

Question 1115

When someone is ....., they are happy.

Answer 1115

**pleased** [pli:zd] adj. ## Footnote She was **pleased** with the phone call she received syn: happy, glad, alive

Question 1116

someone who praises powerful people too much because they want to get something from them – used to show disapproval

Answer 1116

sycophant ## Footnote this is the story of Hitler's henchman, the jealousy, power struggle and fawing sycophants that will create a monster and fuel the most horrors of the Third Reich / a dictator surrounded by sycophants

Question 1117

made dirty, polluted, or poisonous by the addition of a chemical, waste, or infection

Answer 1117

**contaminated** ## Footnote **contaminated** food/water/blood Today, the typical American diet increasingly consists of more processed and **contaminated** foods than ever before. The typical Western diet today is characterized by a high intake of saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and low intake of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, and micronutrients.

Question 1118

morraly corruped

Answer 1118

depraved

Question 1119

to use energy that is stored in your body, by being physically active

Answer 1119

burn up People do lose weight by cutting out carbohydrates because the body first burns up all the glycogen as well as the water that is with it, leaving protein for the body to burn as its fuel source, but doing this does not last long and does not assist in brain functioning.

Question 1120

one of the most powerful figures in the Third Reich, overseeing the creation and management of the vast Nazi police state as well as the infrastructure of the Holocaust.

Answer 1120

Heinrich Himmler ## Footnote a teenager wannabe soldier, Heinrich Himmler, finds the chance to fight for his crazy ideals. He established the first concentration camp at Dachau and organized extermination camps throughout occupied Europe.

Question 1121

changeable: likely to change, especially in affections, intentions, loyalties, or preferences

Answer 1121

**fickle** ## Footnote **Avocados are very fickle, they like good weather, humid.**

Question 1122

"You are not a drop in the ocean. You are ...

Answer 1122

... The entire ocean, in a Drop. Rumi

Question 1123

used for describing something such as a story or a film that keeps you wanting to know what will happen next

Answer 1123

**suspenseful ​** ## Footnote while watching a suspenseful movie, have you ever noticed the sound of people munching popcorn, eating candy, or sipping on their extra-large soft drinks?

Question 1124

known and understood by only a few people who have special knowledge about something

Answer 1124

esoteric Banish the thought that yoga is too esoteric to understand, too mystical, or on the fringe. Ancient Greek ἐσωτερικός originally referred to the secret teachings of Greek philosophers, versus public or exoteric ones).

Question 1125

an.... system, institution etc combines many different groups, ideas, or parts in a way that works well

Answer 1125

integrated /in·tuh·grei·tuhd/ ## Footnote the body—an integrated system that includes the brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, muscles, bones, skin, and endocrine glands— acts together in exquisitely regulated harmony. =combined, united, joined, unified, cohesive, assimilated, incorporated, included, amalgamated antonym: separated

Question 1126

bioflavonoid

Answer 1126

**bioflavonoid** ## Footnote Eat a "rainbow" of foods—foods of all colors—since these foods contain bioflavonoids (super antioxidants).

Question 1127

a Hindu religious text in which the god Krishna teaches the importance of detachment from personal aims, the fulfillment of religious duties, and devotion to God

Answer 1127

Bhagavad Gita

Question 1128

Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman Empire

Answer 1128

Galen (129–C. 216 CE) His most important discovery was that arteries carry blood although he did not discover circulation. Galen set out ideas about anatomy and physiology that would last for centuries.

Question 1129

the science that studies the way in which the bodies of living things work

Answer 1129

physiology ## Footnote We may look different from the outside, but our bodies are all constructed in the same way. The study of anatomy, which explores body structure, shows that internally we are virtually identical—except for differences between males and females. The study of ***physiology***, which deals with how the body works, reveals how body systems combine to keep our cells, and us, alive. Greek: physio- "nature" + logia "study"

Question 1130

without moral principles; not honest or fair

Answer 1130

**unscrupulous** ## Footnote **unscrupulous** traders found the solution in Africa's slave markets. =dishonest, unprincipled, corrupt, crooked (informal), dodgy (UK, informal), immoral, deceitful, devious, ruthless antonym: honest

Question 1131

the outer layer of the skin

Answer 1131

**epidermis** ## Footnote Our skin is put together like a three layer cake. At the top is the **eidermis**, home of hair, freckles and wrinkles. only about a half millimetre thick in places, It is made of mostly **keratinocytes**, cells that slough off to be replaced by younger, healthier ones- a turnover that slows as we get older. (layers: epidemis, dermis, subcutanous tissue(fat) ) Greek, "outer skin" \< derma "skin"

Question 1132

commonly known in Israel by the Hebrew acronym Tzahal, are the military forces of the State of Israel.

Answer 1132

IDF (Israel Defense Forces) They consist of the ground forces, air force, and navy. It is the sole military wing of the Israeli security forces, and has no civilian jurisdiction within Israel. Founder: David Ben-Gurion Founded: 1948

Question 1133

to show something in a picture, painting, or sculpture

Answer 1133

**depict** ## Footnote A winged figure from a doorway at Cyrus' palace at Pasargadae. It has been suggested that this **depicts** Cyrus himself, but it is more likely that it represents a protective spirit or genius of the royal palace. The crown is similar to that associated with apotropaic figures in the ancient Near East.(picture from Persian Mythology by JOHN R HINNELLS) =portray, show, represent, describe, illustrate, paint, give a picture of

Question 1134

to do or give something, because something similar has been done or given to you

Answer 1134

**reciprocate** * *They wanted to **reciprocate** the kindness that had been shown to them.*

Question 1135

a male donkey **2****:** a stupid, annoying, or detestable person

Answer 1135

**jackass** This episode is the story of a real *jackass* abuser who literally bullies an entire town in Missouri for decades.

Question 1136

1. ​to put food onto plates and give it to people 2. to give, offer or provide something

Answer 1136

**serve up** The Web works through a system of ***servers*** and ***clients***. The servers are computers where the websites are stored. They're called servers because they "serve up" webpages to anyone who requests to see them.

Question 1137

interval of time from t=0 up to t=10⁻⁴³

Answer 1137

Planck era. also (Planck epoch) (one-million-trillion-trillion-trillionths of a second)

Question 1138

father of quantum mechanics

Answer 1138

Max Planck

Question 1139

the supposed ability to recognize other people who are [gay](https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/gay_1)

Answer 1139

gaydar ## Footnote 1980s: blend of **gay** and **radar**.

Question 1140

a small tropical animal with fur, that kills snakes, [rats](https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/rats), etc.

Answer 1140

**mongoose**

Question 1141

predator eats almost every animal as long as it can kills it

Answer 1141

"non-discriminatory predator" | (like Mongoose)

Question 1142

an Iranian economist and politician who served as Prime Minister of Iran from 27 January 1965 to 7 August 1977. He was the longest serving prime minister in Iran's history. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance in Mansur's cabinet.

Answer 1142

Amir-Abbas Hoveyda

Question 1143

a state of [confusion](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/confusion), [excitement](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/excitement), or [anxiety](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/anxiety)

Answer 1143

turmoil

Question 1144

a small group of people who make [secret](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/secret) plans, especially in order to have political power

Answer 1144

cabal ## Footnote In early 2000, a reformist member of the Iranian parliament, Akbar Alami, claimed that a cabal-like group of 200 individuals had controlled Iranian politics since the revolution. Postrevolutionary Iran: A Political Handbook

Question 1145

a period of time when you get well again after an illness or a medical operation; the process of getting well

Answer 1145

**convalescence** ## Footnote REVOLUTIONS ARE like fevers, Crane Brinton wrote in his classic work *The Anatomy of Revolution*. And like fevers, they progress through stages. The initial phase is marked by the onset of a raging temperature and other extreme conditions, including delirium. The next stage witnesses the breaking of the temperature and a long and fitful **convalescence**, often marked by a relapse or two. Finally comes the recovery and restoration to normal health. (the last great revolution. Robin Wright)

Question 1146

an Iranian diplomat, writer and thinker. He was the Iranian ambassador to the [United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations) from 1971 until 1979.

Answer 1146

Fereydoon Hoveyda **فریدون هویدا** (زادهٔ ۳۰ شهریور ۱۳۰۳ در [دمشق](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82) – درگذشتهٔ ۱۲ آبان ۱۳۸۵ در [کلیفتون، ویرجینیا](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7)) [نویسنده](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87)، [سیاستمدار](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1) و [نقاش](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4) [ایرانی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7) بود. وی از ۱۳۴۹ تا هنگام [انقلاب ۱۳۵۷ ایران](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DB%B1%DB%B3%DB%B5%DB%B7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86) [سفیر و نمایندهٔ دائم ایران در سازمان ملل متحد](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF) بود.[^[۱]](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7#cite_note-1) او برادر [امیرعباس هویدا](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7) بود. فریدون هویدا در سال ۱۹۶۷ از طرف [محمدرضا پهلوی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C) مأموریت یافت تا در [فرانسه](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87) به عنوان میانجی [جنگ ویتنام](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85) با نمایندگان دولت [ویتنام شمالی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C) ملاقات نماید اما بعلت بی‌میلی دولت ویتنام شمالی این مأموریت شکست خورد.

Question 1147

an [Iranian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) physician, educator and parliamentarian. She served as [Minister of Education of Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Iran)) under [Amir Abbas Hoveida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir_Abbas_Hoveida) and was [the first female cabinet minister of an Iranian government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_female_members_of_the_Cabinet_of_Iran).

Answer 1147

Farrokhroo Parsa (24 March 1922– 8 May 1980)) Parsa was an outspoken supporter of [women's rights in Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_women%27s_movement). was executed by firing squad on 8 May 1980 in [Tehran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran), at the outset of the [Islamic Cultural Revolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Cultural_Revolution).

Question 1148

a sea [creature](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/creature) that has [**tentacle**](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/tentacle)s, such as an [**octopus**](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/octopus) or [**squid**](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/squid)

Answer 1148

**cephalopod** from Greek *kephalē* ‘head’ + *pous*, *pod-* ‘foot’.

Question 1149

the seeds of crops such as corn, wheat, or rice that are gathered for use as food, or these crops themselves

Answer 1149

**grain** ## Footnote Chip implant no bigger than _a grain of rice_ is powered by wireless breakthrough

Question 1150

behaviour or actions that are clever but dishonest and unfair, and are used to get what you want

Answer 1150

**cunning** ## Footnote a cunning opponent

Question 1151

able to move quickly and easily with light [neat](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/neat) movements

Answer 1151

nimble ## Footnote SYN agile nimble fingers a nimble climber

Question 1152

needing a lot of effort or [strength](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/strength)

Answer 1152

**strenuous** ## Footnote a strenuous climb The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise.

Question 1153

having a very strong feeling of love or attraction for somebody/something so that you cannot think clearly and in a sensible way

Answer 1153

**infatuated** **(with somebody/something)** **M**any young people today are **infatuated** with revolution, but for those who fled Communist dictatorships, revolution is a serious matter.

Question 1154

to trick somebody into doing something, especially by being nice to them

Answer 1154

**beguiled** ## Footnote Revolutionary Monsters provides a warning to those **beguiled** by the siren call of revolution. The lessons of the tragic revolutions in the twentieth century are all too apparent in the failures of the former Soviet Union, China, Cuba, Zimbabwe, and Iran.

Question 1155

to eat all of something quickly, especially because you are very hungry

Answer 1155

**devour** /dɪˈvaʊər/ ## Footnote "The Revolution had **devoured** its own children."

Question 1157

likely to suffer from a particular illness or be affected by a particular problem

Answer 1157

**susceptible** ## Footnote Older people are more susceptible to infections. Soil on the mountain slopes is very susceptible to erosion.

Question 1159

to secretly join an organization or enter a place in order to find out information about it or harm it

Answer 1159

**infiltrate** ## Footnote Police attempts to infiltrate neo-Nazi groups were largely unsuccessful. **infiltrate into:** Rebel forces have been infiltrating into the country.

Question 1160

to search for something by moving things around in a careless or hurried way

Answer 1160

**rummage** ## Footnote Looks like someone’s been **rummaging around** in my desk.

Question 1161

a phrase that is typically said in connection with children who show qualities or talents that are similar to those of their parents.

Answer 1161

**"The apple doesn't fall far from the tree"** ## Footnote Your mother is a skilled pianist and from what I have heard, you are too! I guess the apple doesn’t fall far from the tree.

Question 1162

to come out from a source; to produce a smell, light etc, or to show a particular quality

Answer 1162

**emanate** ## Footnote As humans, we are aware of ourselves. We each have a strong sense of self that **emanates** from our **unique consciousness**, and which seems to naturally lead us to ask questions about who we are, and where we come from. Like no other animal, we seem to have a very deep-seated need to know ourselves.

Question 1163

based on scientific testing or practical experience, not on ideas

Answer 1163

**empirical** ## Footnote For thousands of years, humans have attempted to answer questions about our origin, our place in the natural world, and our relationship with other forms of life. Religion and philosophy may provide one way of exploring these questions, but science leads us to look for evidence and answers in the world around us, and within us. This **empirical approach** to age-old questions has revealed extraordinary secrets from our past, allowing us to reach far back in time to investigate our family tree and to meet long-dead ancestors. **OPP** theoretical, hypothetical

Question 1164

Cannot be stopped

Answer 1164

**inexorable** ## Footnote inexorable progress...

Question 1165

....... meeting or discussion is one in which people argue a lot and get very angry SYN bitter

Answer 1165

**acrimonious** ## Footnote for some 200 years now, the remains of our human relatives and ancestors have benn discovered from rocks and sediments scattered all over the world. trying to make sense of all this material has involved many sceintists and much debate, which has often been highly **acrimonious**.

Question 1166

the fact that something is certain to happen, or something that is certain to happen

Answer 1166

**inevitability** ## Footnote evolution by natural selection is a mathematical inevitability.

Question 1167

seeming to be everywhere – sometimes used humorously

Answer 1167

**ubiquitous** ## Footnote Coffee shops are **ubiquitous** these days.

Question 1168

to talk or think about pleasant events in your past

Answer 1168

**reminisce** ## Footnote reminisce about: a group of former students **reminiscing about** their college days

Question 1169

to officially take private property away from someone, usually as a punishment

Answer 1169

**confiscate** ## Footnote Many opposition supporters had their goods confiscated.

Question 1170

a dirty mark

Answer 1170

**smudge** ## Footnote Those babies in the air force cry when their sunglasses get smudged SYN smear

Question 1171

to hit someone so that they become unconscious

Answer 1171

**knock sb out** ## Footnote His opponent **knocked him out** with one punch. The three drinks **knocked him out**.

Question 1172

**idiom**: to **criticize** someone in a playful way : **tease**

Answer 1172

**bust someone's chops** ## Footnote My brother likes to bust my chops.

Question 1173

**idioms:** To not reveal or share some secret until the day one dies.

Answer 1173

**take it to grave** ## Footnote A: "Please, don't tell anyone what I told you today!" B: "I swear, I'll take it to the grave."

Question 1174

used to tell someone to **stop criticizing you or complaining about you**

Answer 1174

**get off my case** OK, OK, just get off my case! get on someone's case: **to nag sb repeatedly**

Question 1175

to take a particular role or do a particular task

Answer 1175

**step into** ## Footnote She **stepped into** the role/position of director. You have no idea what you are **stepping into**!

Question 1176

an abrupt and apparently unaccountable change of mood.

Answer 1176

**mood swing** ## Footnote A mood swing is a sudden or intense change in emotional state. During a mood swing, a person may quickly switch from feeling happy and upbeat to feeling sad, irritable, or angry. نوسان خلقی

Question 1177

**Idioms:** **to drive a vehicle**

Answer 1177

**take the wheel** ## Footnote My sister offered to **take the wheel.** **To take or assume control (of something).**

Question 1178

to come back to a place for just a moment / To return (to some place) very quickly or briefly

Answer 1178

**pop back** ## Footnote Okay, I think I can **pop back** for a minute. I have to **pop back** for something I forgot.

Question 1179

to prevent somebody from doing what they want to do

Answer 1179

**thwart** ## Footnote They were going to try to thwart us but we are not going to let that happen SYNONYM frustrate

Question 1180

not important or worth considering

Answer 1180

**inconsequential** The speech was full of **inconsequential** details. **SYN** insignificant, trivial

Question 1182

the mental discomfort that results from holding two conflicting beliefs, values, or attitudes.

Answer 1182

**cognitive dissonance** ## Footnote People tend to seek consistency in their attitudes and perceptions, so this conflict causes feelings of unease or discomfort.

Question 1183

a statement saying that you strongly believe something to be true

Answer 1183

**assertion** Do you have any **evidence** to **support** your **assertions**? SYNONYM claim

Question 1184

idioms: to understand something, especially something strange or out of the ordinary

Answer 1184

**wrap sb head/mind around (something)** ## Footnote I just couldn't wrap my mind around what had happened.

Question 1185

to make something clearer by explaining it more fully

Answer 1185

**elucidate** ## Footnote Let me **elucidate**. SYNONYM **explain**

Question 1186

well informed about or proficient in the use of modern technology, especially computers

Answer 1186

**tech-savvy** ## Footnote today's **tech-savvy** consumers

Question 1187

to loss of faith in a religion and returned to a previous religion or non-religion

Answer 1187

**deconvert** ## Footnote I was 15 when I **deconverted** from Islam to reason

Question 1188

Four Horsemen of the New Atheism?

Answer 1188

The '**Four Horsemen of the New Atheism**' clockwise from top left: Richard Dawkins, Christopher Hitchens, Daniel Dennett, and Sam Harris

Question 1189

causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.

Answer 1189

**contentious** ## Footnote a **contentious** issue/topic/subject

Question 1190

not disputable, unquesionable

Answer 1190

**indisputable** ## Footnote **indisputable** proof / evidence/ fact

Question 1191

(especially of hair) long enough to reach your shoulders

Answer 1191

**shoulder-length**

Question 1192

capable of being deciphered : comprehensible.

Answer 1192

**scrutable** ## Footnote Mormons believe that God is **scrutable** through revelation, and anthropomorphic, in that he has a physical body of flesh and bone. OPP: **inscrutable** C17: from Latin scrūtārī to inspect closely

Question 1193

to say something about a subject that another person is already talking about : **to join a conversation**

Answer 1193

**jump in** ## Footnote **Jump in** if you have any questions. Before we **jump in**, Can you summerize your intellectual and academic backgroungd?

Question 1194

an effect caused by hot air in deserts or on roads, that makes you think you can see something, such as water, which is not there

Answer 1194

**mirage** **SYNONYM illusion** His idea of love was a **mirage**. وهم، سراب، کوراب، نقش بر اب، امر خیالی

Question 1196

the state of being unclear, confusing, or not certain, or things that produce this effect

Answer 1196

**ambiguity** ## Footnote _Policy of deliberate_ **_ambiguity_:** Finally, the United States also tolerates Israel's deliberate ambiguity as to whether Israel has nuclear weapons _سیاست ابهام‌آفرینی تعمدی_