2020

Question 1

Phenylephrine MOA

Answer 1

Alpha 1 agonist, decreases mucus production

Question 2

Selective b 1 agonist

Answer 2

Dobutamine

Question 3

Pallor and jaundice, 1st day of life

Answer 3

RBC destruction

Question 4

6 weeks old, jaundice and pale stool

Answer 4

Defect in excretion of conjugated bilirubin

Question 5

Teenager with jaundice the first time he got a viral illness

Answer 5

Failure of conjugation

Question 6

Visual pathway - parietal lesion - superior or inferior lesion

Answer 6

Inferior

Question 7

Visual pathway - temporal cortex lesion - superior or inferior visual problem

Answer 7

Superior

Question 8

Common infection with complement deficiency

Answer 8

Neisseria

Question 9

Benefit of conjugated PCV vaccine

Answer 9

Boosts immunity response

Question 10

Absence seizures on EEG

Answer 10

3 spikes and a wave

Question 11

Defect in lissencephaly

Answer 11

Failure of migration of neuronal cells

Question 12

Nerve injured in Colles fracture

Answer 12

Median nerve

Question 13

Child with ALL on multiple drugs, e.g. vincristine presents with foot drop what is the cause

Answer 13

S/e of chemo, it is reversible

Question 14

Drug blocking IL-6

Answer 14

Tocilizumab

Question 15

Area of the brain commonly affected in HIE

Answer 15

? Cerebral cortex

Question 16

Drug causing prolonged QT

Answer 16

Erythromycin

Question 17

Antihypertensive drug with antiprotineuric effect

Answer 17

Enalapril

Question 18

Cause of hypokalaemia in DKA

Answer 18

Osmotic diuresis

Question 19

What is secreted by alpha cells in the pancreas

Answer 19

Glucagon

Question 20

Action of insulin

Answer 20

Fat deposition, glycogenesis, inhibit gluconeogenesis

Question 21

Cause of hypophosphataemia in re feeding syndrome

Answer 21

Hyperinsulinaemia with intracellular shift of phosphate

Question 22

Child with blue eyes, fair skin, dislocated lens, macrocytic anaemia, what IX to diagnose

Answer 22

Plasma amino acid level

Question 23

Mechanism of cough

Answer 23

Inhalation
Closure of larynx
Muscle contraction
Glottis opens
Forced expulsion of air

Question 24

Purpose of using a spacer

Answer 24

Less oropharyngeal side effects

Question 25

Main component of surfactant

Answer 25

Phosphatidyl choline

Question 26

Cause of anaemia in coeliac disease

Answer 26

Decreased iron absorption

Question 27

Best diet post biliary atresia repair presenting with faltering growth and steatorrhoea

Answer 27

High carb, high protein rich in MCT

Question 28

Child presenting with haematemesis, has splenomegaly and dilated veins on abdomen - where is the problem

Answer 28

Portal; vein

Question 29

What does otoacoustic emissions test

Answer 29

Cochlear hair cells function

Question 30

Drug used orally in palliative care to reduce resp secretions

Answer 30

Glycopyrrolate

Question 31

Dopamine is given in shock to increase HR, what else does it do

Answer 31

Increases PVR

Question 32

Child with AAL started chemo, his uric acid has become elevated, what explains this?

Answer 32

Nucleic acid destruction

Question 33

Pathophysiology of ITP

Answer 33

Antibody coated platelets are destroyed by splenic macrophages

Question 34

Aneuploidy

Answer 34

47 xxy (an extra chromosome)

Question 35

Baby with suspected DiGeorge, how to confirm

Answer 35

FISH

Question 36

Most common site for accidental injury in female genital area

Answer 36

Posterior fourchette

Question 37

what is octreotide

Answer 37

somatostatin analogue

Question 38

somatostatin places of release and role

Answer 38

produced by the hypothalamus and is carried to the anterior pituitary and suppresses growth hormone secretion also produced by DELTA cells throughout the GI tract

Question 39

where is ghrelin produced

Answer 39

the FUNDUS of the stomach - stimulates appetite

Question 40

chemotherapeutic agent causing haemorrhagic cystitis

Answer 40

cyclophosphamide

Question 41

chemotherapeutic agent causing peripheral neuropathy

Answer 41

vincristine

Question 42

5-drug therapy commonly initiated in Hodgkin's lymphoma

Answer 42

Rituximab Cyclophosphamide Doxorubicin Vincristine Prednisolone

Question 43

what is the most appropriate analgesic in the context of a major injury and severe pain

Answer 43

intranasal diamorphine

Question 44

criteria for a SEVERE asthma attack

Answer 44

PEF 33-50% predicted Resp rate > 25 / min HR > 110 Cant complete sentences in one breath

Question 45

definition of positive predictive value

Answer 45

the likelihood of a patient having a condition when the test is positive (contrasts with sensitivity, which describes the likelihood that a patient with the disease will be picked up by the test)

Question 46

definition of the 'power' of a study

Answer 46

the probability that any result of significance in a study will reflect a true deviation from the null hypothesis

Question 47

age cut off that all require imaging for UTI

Answer 47

< 6 months

Question 48

what imaging is required - UTI in 5 month old that responds well to Abx with no features to suggest atypical infection

Answer 48

USS within 6 weeks

Question 49

what imaging is required - 5 year old with history of recurrent UTI and previous pyelonephritis

Answer 49

USS within 6 weeks and then DMSA 4-6 months after the infection

Question 50

what imaging is required - 2 year old with Klebsiella UTI

Answer 50

USS during acute infection because it is a non-typical organism, then do DMSA scan in 4-6 months

Question 51

CSF route

Answer 51

produced by choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles drains via foramen of munro into the 3rd ventricle then via aqueduct of sylvius into 4th ventricle then drains into the subarachnoid space and is reabsorbed by the arachnoid villi in the superior sagittal sinus

Question 52

what causes hypophosphataemia in refeeding syndreom

Answer 52

increased insulin production in response to feeding